EIAV基因转移载体转录后调控元件的优化

【目的】为了提高马传染性贫血病毒(EIAV)基因转移载体质粒pcPPTPRE(+)的外源蛋白表达能力,对其转录后调控元件进行优化。【方法】将PCR扩增土拨鼠肝炎病毒(Woodchuck Hepatitis Virus,WHV)转录后调控元件(WPRE),克隆于pGM-T载体获得重组质粒pGM-WPRE,利用NotⅠ酶将WPRE亚克隆入pcPPTPRE(+),筛选WPRE正向连接的重组质粒pcPPTWPRE,采用磷酸钙法分别将pcPPTWPRE和pcPPTPRE(+)转染HEK293细胞和DF-1细胞,利用荧光显微镜观察EGFP蛋白的表达,利用流式细胞仪检测转染细胞中EGFP阳性细胞的表达率。【结果】在HEK293细胞中,pcPPTWPRE表达外源基因的能力极显著优于pcPPTPRE(+);在DF-1细胞中,pcPPTWPRE与pcPPTPRE(+)表达外源基因的能力均不强,但前者略优于后者。【结论】土拨鼠肝炎病毒转录后,调控元件(WPRE)可以明显增强EIAV载体质粒的外源蛋白表达能力,为高表达能力伪型EIAV重组病毒的获得奠定了基础,同时也为其他病毒载体的构建提供了借鉴。     

鸡传染性贫血病胶体金快速诊断试纸条的研制——鸡传染性贫血血清抗体的制备、纯化及检测

[目的]为建立鸡传染性贫血病(CIA)诊断方法奠定基础。[方法]对15周龄SPF鸡进行4次免疫后,制备鸡传染性贫血病血清抗体并对其进行纯化,测定抗原最佳包被浓度和血清的最佳稀释度,研究纯化后血清抗体的蛋白含量和效价。[结果]阳性血清和阴性血清的最佳稀释度为1∶100,病毒包被抗原最佳包被浓度为5μg/ml。血清抗体蛋白含量为13.2 mg/ml,血清抗体效价为1∶12 800。[结论]该研究为制备CIA胶体金快速诊断试纸条奠定了基础。     

中国马传染性贫血病毒驴强毒株感染性分子克隆的构建

 马传染性贫血病毒（equine infectious anemia virus, EIAV）驴强毒株DV是一株经过驴体传代获得的而具有超强毒力的毒株，对马和驴均可100％致死。用PCR方法分段扩增了DV其前病毒基因，将包含全基因片段的3个基因克隆以限制性内切酶消化后顺次连接克隆到pLG338上，命名为pD70344。将此克隆体外转染驴胎皮肤细胞和驴白细胞，连续盲传3代并以反转录酶活性测定，RT-PCR鉴定其病毒活性，透射电镜观察发现细胞培养物中存在大量典型病毒粒子，证明获得了1株具有感染性的EIAV病毒粒子，命名为pD70344V。经序列测定确认了本试验首次构建了1株完全来源于EIAV强毒基因的感染性分子克隆，将此克隆病毒接种驴，可以引起典型的马传贫症状并导致试验动物死亡。该分子克隆的建立为进一步考察病毒的毒力与基因的关系提供了良好的平台。     

Effect of Duration of Packed Red Blood Cell Storage on Morbidity and Mortality in Dogs After Transfusion: 3,095 cases (2001–2010)

Background

Accumulating evidence suggests that transfusion of packed red blood cells (PRBCs) stored for >14 days is associated with increased rates of sepsis, multiple organ dysfunction, and mortality in human patients.

Objective

To determine if duration of PRBC storage has an effect on morbidity and mortality in dogs after transfusion.

Animals

Dogs admitted to the Matthew J Ryan Veterinary Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania.

Methods

A retrospective case review of dogs identified through blood bank logbooks that received PRBC transfusions (minimum, 5 mL/kg) between 2001 and 2010. Dogs were categorized according to major cause of anemia (eg, hemorrhage, hemolysis, ineffective erythropoiesis) for analysis.

Results

A total of 3,095 dogs received 5,412 PRBC units. Longer duration of PRBC storage was associated with development of new or progressive coagulation failure (P = .001) and thromboembolic disease (P = .005). There was no association between duration of PRBC storage and survival for all dogs overall. However, a logistic regression model indicated that for dogs with hemolysis, 90% of which had immune‐mediated hemolytic anemia, longer duration of PRBC storage was a negative risk factor for survival. For every 7 day increase in storage, there was a 0.79 lesser odds of 30 day survival (95% CI, 0.64–0.97; P = .024).

Conclusions and Clinical Importance

Duration of PRBC storage does not appear to be a major contributing factor to mortality in the overall canine population. However, longer duration of PRBC storage may negatively impact outcome in dogs with immune‐mediated hemolytic anemia, thus warranting further investigation with prospective studies.     

Primary immune-mediated hemolytic anemia in 19 cats: diagnosis, therapy, and outcome (1998-2004)

Immune-mediated hemolytic anemia (IMHA) occurs less frequently in cats than in dogs. The value of the Coombs' test (CT) has been questioned, but detailed surveys of its use are lacking. The objective of this study was to describe 19 cats with primary IMHA (pIMHA) and to examine the diagnostic value of the direct CT. The CT was performed in 92 cats; it was negative in 5 healthy, in 9 sick nonanemic, and in 55 cats with different types of anemia. The CT was positive in 18 anemic cats (2 feline leukemia virus (FeLV) positive, 1 with cholangiohepatitis, 15 with no underlying disease). Moreover, agglutination persisted after saline washing in 5 anemic cats (1 lymphoma, 4 pIMHA). Inclusion criteria for pIMHA were a positive CT (15) or persistent agglutination (4), and the exclusion of other diseases. The age of the 19 cats ranged from 0.5 to 9 years (median, 2 years); male cats were overrepresented. The PCV on admission was 6-22% (median, 12%). The anemia was nonregenerative in 11 cats. Additional abnormal laboratory results were leukocytosis (2), lymphocytosis (6), hyperbilirubinemia (13), hyperglobulimemia (10), and increased liver enzyme activities (10). Initial treatment consisted of blood transfusions (10), crystalloids (11), prednisolone (19), antibiotics (19), and H2-blockers (11). Four of 17 cats were euthanized 9, 63, 240 and 2,160 days after initial presentation (mortality rate, 23.5%). Relapses were reported in 5 of 16 cases (31%). Thus, pIMHA appears to occur more frequently than recognized previously, with a more favorable prognosis in cats than in dogs. The CT was useful in identifying immune-mediated pathogenesis.     

A retrospective study of the incidence and the classification of bone marrow disorders in the dog at a veterinary teaching hospital (1996-2004)

BACKGROUND: An 8-year retrospective study was conducted to evaluate the prevalence and the classification of canine bone marrow disorders in a clinical pathology service at a university referral hospital. ANIMALS: Dogs evaluated for bone marrow disorders at a veterinary teaching hospital. HYPOTHESIS: A better understanding of the spectrum and the prevalence of canine bone marrow disorders can be achieved with a multiyear retrospective study. METHODS: Bone marrow aspirate smears, core biopsy specimens, and case records from 717 dogs were reviewed. RESULTS: Bone marrow specimens were first categorized based on the presence or the absence of a primary bone marrow disorder. Nondysplastic and nonmalignant pathologic changes were placed into 14 subcategories. Frequently observed pathologic disorders included nonregenerative immune-mediated anemia, pure red cell aplasia, bone marrow necrosis, myelofibrosis, and hemophagocytic syndrome. Dysmyelopoiesis (n = 61) was subcategorized into myelodysplastic syndromes (n = 27), and congenital (n = 1) and secondary (n = 33) dysmyelopoiesis. One hundred twenty-six cases of neoplasia were divided into acute leukemia (n = 46), chronic leukemia (n = 7), stage 5 malignant lymphoma (n = 28), multiple myeloma (n = 25), malignant histiocytosis (n = 11), metastatic mast-cell tumor (n = 3), sarcoma (n = 5), and carcinoma (n = 1). CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE: This study provides a general indication of the spectrum and the prevalence of canine bone marrow disorders at a referral center in North America.     

Hemolysis,myopathy, and cardiac disease associated with hereditary phosphofructokinase deficiency in two Whippets

Abstract: Two male castrated Whippet littermates were presented at 1 year of age for pallor, tachycardia, systolic heart murmur, dark yellow to orange feces, intermittent lethargy, pigmenturia, and muscle shivering or cramping after exercise. Persistent macrocytic hypochromic anemia with marked reticulocytosis and metarubricytosis was found when CBC results were compared with reference values for Whippets. Increased serum creatine kinase activity and hyperkalemia also were sometimes present over the 4‐year period of evaluation. Progressively increasing serum concentrations of N‐terminal prohormone brain natriuretic peptide suggested cardiac disease. Erythrocytes from the whippets were less osmotically fragile but more alkaline fragile than those from control dogs. Erythrocyte phosphofructokinase (PFK) activities and 2,3‐diphosphoglycerate concentrations were decreased. Restriction enzyme‐based DNA test screening and DNA sequencing revealed the same mutation in the muscle‐PFK gene of the Whippets as seen in English Springer Spaniel dogs with PFK deficiency. This is the first report of PFK deficiency in Whippet dogs. In addition to causing hemolysis and exertional myopathy, heart disease may be a prominent clinical component of PFK deficiency in this breed and has not been previously recognized in PFK‐deficient English Springer Spaniels.     

马传染性贫血病毒疫苗株S2基因不同变异位点逆向突变感染性克隆的体外复制特性分析

为研究EIAV弱毒疫苗株(EIAV_(FCCV15))S2基因发生的稳定性突变对疫苗株特性的作用以及S2基因的功能,以EIAVFDDVl5感染性克隆质粒pFDDV3-8为模板,根据疫苗研制过程中S2基因发生的4个主要稳定性变异位点,构建及拯救出S2基因不同差异位点逆向突变为强毒株相应氨基酸的6株感染性克隆衍生毒株.经实时定量PCR、逆转录酶活性和western blot等检测表明,疫苗株S2基因4个稳定性变异位点全部逆向突变的感染性克隆衍生毒、,pFDDVS2rl-3-4-5在体外培养靶细胞中的复制水平低于亲本疫苗株感染性克隆衍生病毒和其他组合的逆向突变的感染性克隆衍生病毒,提示ELAV疫苗株S2蛋白4个稳定突变位点的综合作用可能是决定疫苗株和强毒株特性差异的因素之一.以上结果为体内感染S2基因逆向突变感染性克隆衍生病毒,进一步揭示S2基因在ELAV弱毒疫苗致弱过程中的作用提供了依据.     

Use of human immunoglobulin in addition to glucocorticoids for the initial treatment of dogs with immune-mediated hemolytic anemia

Objective – To determine the utility of human intravenous immunoglobulin (hIVIG) for the initial treatment of canine immune-mediated hemolytic anemia (IMHA).
Design – Blinded, randomized, clinical trial.
Setting – Veterinary teaching hospital.
Animals – Twenty-eight, client-owned dogs with primary IMHA.
Interventions – At enrollment, after diagnosis of IMHA, dogs were randomly assigned to receive either hIVIG or placebo, in a blinded fashion. For the next 14 days, all dogs received glucocorticoids as the sole immunosuppressant agent. All dogs received low-molecular-weight heparin as an anticoagulant. D-dimer concentrations were evaluated at the beginning and end of the study protocol to monitor for thromboembolic complications.
Measurements and Main Results – Twenty-five of 28 dogs (89%) were discharged from the hospital. Thirteen of those received hIVIG and 12 received placebo. Twenty-four dogs (86%) were alive 14 days after enrollment, and of these 13 received hIVIG and 11 received placebo. D-dimer concentrations were elevated in 86% of all dogs at the time of diagnosis.
Conclusions – For initial treatment of dogs with IMHA, the addition of hIVIG to corticosteroid treatment did not improve initial response, nor did it shorten hospitalization.