不同供氮水平对西瓜产量和品质的影响

以京欣1号为材料,采用随机区组设计,以尿素为肥源,设计5个不同氮水平,探讨不同供氮水平对西瓜产量和品质的影响,结果表明:在氮适量的土壤上增施氮肥,能增加单株西瓜个数和单瓜质量,提高产量,对提高单个西瓜质量更为突出。在一定的范围内,西瓜产量随着氮肥用量的上升而增加,但当每公顷纯氮用量达到360 kg以后,西瓜产量开始呈下降趋势,继续增加用量,产量急剧下降;在纯氮用量0～240 kg/hm2时,对可溶性糖含量影响很小,而继续增加氮用量,即当纯氮用量为360～480 kg/hm2时,可溶性糖含量明显上升;施用氮肥不同程度提高了西瓜维生素C含量;在纯氮用量0～240 kg/hm2时,硝酸盐的含量逐渐增加,之后却有下降趋势。综合产量和品质,在本试验条件下,N4处理即纯氮用量360 kg/hm2为较合适的用量。     

Dominant sources of dietary carbon and nitrogen for shrimp reared in extensive rice-shrimp ponds

Stable isotope analysis was used to determine the sources of dietary nitrogen (N) and carbon (C) for shrimp during the rearing phase in extensive rice‐shrimp ponds in My Xuyen and Gia Rai districts, Vietnam. Farm‐made feed was added as a food source in shrimp ponds in My Xuyen district, and based on stable isotope analyses, was generally a poor dietary source. The commercial formulated feed used in Gia Rai also appeared to contribute little directly to the nutritional needs of the shrimp. In contrast, the natural biota in all ponds appeared to contribute substantially. In particular, biota from beam trawls and benthic organic matter were the most likely sources of nutrition in My Xuyen ponds, while benthic organic matter was the main source in Gia Rai ponds. δ¹⁵N ratios in the natural biota in My Xuyen farms decreased over the growing season, suggesting increased N fixation in the case of the benthic organic matter reaching values as low as 1‰. This suggests N‐limitation in the ponds and that natural biota become increasingly dependent on N fixed by algae and/or other microorganisms. There is the potential to promote the growth of the plankton and hence, the other natural biota, by the judicious addition of fertilizer.     

序批式生物膜法处理水产养殖废水的研究

目前我国水产养殖废水直接排放的现象较多, 使受纳水体富营养化和生物多样性降低; 同时养殖水体中残饵、水生生物排泄物容易引起水体溶解氧下降、病原体增加并产生有害物质如氨氮、亚硝酸盐等, 引起养殖对象发病甚至死亡。提出采用以组合填料为载体的序批式生物膜反应器处理水产养殖废水。通过试验确定了最佳运行模式: 水力停留时间12 h, 其中瞬时进水y 厌氧( 3 h) y 曝气( 5 h) y 添加原水(添加比1B 3) y 缺氧( 3 h) y 曝气( 1 h) y 沉淀( 0. 5 h) y 排水( 0. 5 h), 并考察了试验对污染物的去除特性。试验结果表明了序批式生物膜法处理水产养殖废水的可行性, 对有机物、氨氮、TN、TP的平均去除率分别为91. 1%、85. 1%、751 8%、89. 5%, 处理后出水可回用于水产养殖。     

Soybean molasses as an organic carbon source in the farming of Litopenaeus vannamei (Boone, 1931) in a biofloc system

Soybean molasses was evaluated as a partial replacement for sugarcane molasses as a carbon source for biofloc development in the superintensive culture of Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei). A 50‐day study was conducted with juvenile (3.2 g) shrimp stocked in 16 800 L tanks at a stocking density of 250 shrimp m^?3. Control of total ammonia concentration was performed by the addition of combined mixtures of soybean and sugarcane molasses to the culture water. Three different molasses treatments were evaluated using different soybean‐to‐sugarcane molasses ratios: 15–85%, 38–62% and 60–40% respectively. The control group was treated only with sugarcane molasses. Water quality, chlorophyll a concentration, heterotrophic bacterial load, Vibrio spp. concentration and zootechnical indexes were all evaluated. Total ammonia concentration was controlled by heterotrophic and chemotrophic pathways. Biofloc formation, as quantified by measuring the total suspended solids, was not altered. The Vibrio spp. concentration showed a significant reduction in treatments with soybean‐to‐sugarcane molasses ratios of 38–62% and 60–40%. All combined mixtures of soybean and sugarcane molasses could maintain water quality and productivity in the superintensive culture of L. vannamei using the biofloc system. Thus, the potential use of a residue from agroindustry as a carbon source in a biofloc culture is demonstrated.     

氮肥施用量对遮阳小白菜产量和品质的影响

研究了遮阳条件下不同氮肥施用量对小白菜产量和品质的影响。结果表明:施氮量为150kg/hm2时,小白菜的产量达到最高,硝酸盐含量较低,且维生素C、可溶性蛋白质和可溶性糖含量等营养成分均显著高于其他处理;综合各种因素,小白菜的最佳施氮量为150kg/hm2。     

桐梓县杂交玉米氮磷钾的合理配施效应

采用"3414"平衡施肥方案,在桐梓县肥力较高的小黄沙泥土上进行了杂交玉米的肥料效应田间试验.结果表明,增产效果最佳的肥料配方为处理6,即尿素32.6kg·667m-2、普钙62.5kg·667m-2、氯化钾26.7kg·667m-2;从经济效益分析来看,以低氮低磷中钾处理的肥料增产效益最好,其肥料的产/投比为2.42,其肥料配方为处理12(N1P1K2),即尿素13.6kg·667m-2、普钙31.25kg·667m-2、氯化钾13.3kg·667-2.     

氮磷钾对绿玉菊生长的影响

采用水培方式,探讨不同浓度水平氮、磷、钾对绿玉菊生长的影响。分析了不同浓度氮、磷、钾处理下绿玉菊的株长、根长、叶绿素含量、丙二醛含量的关系。结果表明绿玉菊的株长和叶绿素含量随氮肥浓度的增加而增长;处理5(含氮7.5mmol.L-1,含磷0.2mmol.L-1,含钾3mmol.L-1)最符合绿玉菊水培生长要求。     

攀西地区水稻高产氮肥运筹模式的研究

以攀西地区安宁河流域主推的杂交籼型优质稻金优527和常规粳型优质稻合系39为材料,采用田间试验方法,研究了氮肥运筹方式对水稻产量的影响,结果表明,氮肥用量对2供试品种产量的效应较穗粒肥比例的效应大,只有在适宜的氮肥水平和穗粒肥比例下才能获得水稻的高产;供试籼型品种对氮肥的敏感性较粳型品种高,其高产的适宜氮肥用量较粳型品种低。本文还分别建立了水稻产量与氮肥用量和穗粒肥比例的二次回归模型,并经统计分析得出了金优527产量≥10.5t/hm2、合系39产量≥10.5t/hm2的优化氮肥用量和穗粒肥比例。     

减氮配施有机肥对滴灌春小麦花后同化物转运和籽粒灌浆特性的影响

[目的]研究减氮条件下新疆滴灌小麦高产高效的调控途径,分析滴灌春小麦花后同化物转运和籽粒灌浆特性的调控效应,为新疆滴灌春小麦的高产优质栽培提供科学依据.[方法]设置不同减氮配施有机肥处理,采用裂区设计,氮素为主区,品种为副区;于2019年在田间滴灌条件下设置7种减氮配施有机肥水平(NCK、N5、N10、N15、N20、...     

分根区交替灌溉对盆栽甜玉米水分及氮素利用的影响

分根区交替灌溉(APRI)是高效节水新技术,该文通过盆栽试验,研究了不同水肥条件下,3种不同灌溉方式对甜玉米干物质积累、水分和氮素利用的影响。结果表明：在施肥和充分供水条件下,与常规灌溉(CI)相比,分根区交替灌溉节水29.1%,总干物质量和冠干物质量仅分别减少6.3%和5.6%,而水分利用效率和氮肥表观利用率分别提高24.3%和16.4%,这表明分根区交替灌溉的节水节肥效应要与合理施肥和适宜的灌水量相结合才能发挥更好的作用。而部分根干燥灌溉(PRD)由于总干物质量下降太多,水分利用效率和氮肥表观利用率都没有得到提高。