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11.
A disease causing the decline of papaya (Carica papaya) plants was noticed in the Jordan Valley in 1982. The disease caused severe yellowing of the upper leaves and dieback of the apex. The disease was not transmissible mechanically and continued efforts to associate viruses and viroids have so far been unsuccessful. Epidemiological observations suggested that the disease is airborne and probably caused by a mollicute. In order to test this hypothesis, plots were covered by an insect-proof net and with white nets providing 15, 30 and 50% shade. The 30%, 50% and insect-proof nettings provided complete protection, and the 15% netting reduced disease incidence to <2%, compared with>37% in the uncovered control plot. Spraying plants at weekly intervals with a commercial whitewash solution was also found to be effective in reducing disease incidence. The advantages of using a range of netting field treatments as a simple means for obtaining information on the epidemiological nature of a new disease are described. 相似文献
12.
三种草坪草净光合速率和蒸腾速率的日变化特点研究 总被引:12,自引:1,他引:11
研究了在晴天的条件下,假俭草、细叶结缕草和地毯草净光合速率和蒸腾整编的日变化特点。结果表明:(1)假俭草和细叶绍缕草的净光合速率的日变化曲线均为双峰型,而地毯草为三峰型,3种草出现峰值的时间不同,均有明显的“午睡”现象,日平均净光全速率的大小顺序为俭草>地毯草>细叶结缕草;(2)假俭草和细叶结缕草的蒸腾速率的日变化曲线均为双峰型,而地毯草为单峰型,3种草出现峰值的时间有所判差别,“午睡”现象均不明显,日平均蒸腾速率的大小顺序为细叶绍缕草>地毯草>假俭草;(3)不同生态因子与3种草坪草净光合速率、蒸腾速率的相关程度均不相等。同种态因子与不同草坪草的净光合速率、蒸腾速率的相关程度也不一样。 相似文献
13.
14.
活性炭吸附痕量银的研究 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
在静态、动态吸附条件下,分别选用果壳类净水用活性炭和煤质净水用活性炭对胶片工业废水中的痕量银的吸附行为进行了研究.结果表明,废水中的银浓度可降至<50ppb,活性炭对银的吸附量达到3~5mg/g.微孔发达的活性炭更适于吸附废水中的痕量银.随着银液浓度的升高,银液量增大,活性炭吸附能力增加.银液的最佳吸附pH值是5. 相似文献
15.
王光大 《浙江大学学报(农业与生命科学版)》1995,(1)
研究了以Li~+、Na~+、K~+、NH~+_4等一价阳离子取代磷灰石表面交换性二价阳离子对磷灰石中磷和钙释放的影响,并就可能涉及的机理进行了探讨. 相似文献
16.
西藏山南地区草地资源及其合理利用 总被引:5,自引:2,他引:3
由于对西藏山南地区草原状况缺乏全面认识,未能合理利用,出现了草原退化等一系列问题。为了合理开发利用草地资源,通过调查提出:调整畜群结构,推行草场有偿承包责任制,开展季节性畜牧业,建立草地农业生态系统等建议。 相似文献
17.
提出了以聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVPr)修饰碳糊电极测定水中苯酚的方法.在0.1mol/LKCl的酚试液中开路富集后,在磷酸盐缓冲液介质(pH5.6)中溶出,用微分脉冲伏安法测定,苯酚的溶出峰电位为+0.73V(Ag-AgCl参比电极),检测限为0.05μg/L.应用该法测定了废水中苯酚的含量,并讨论了该法测定苯酚的影响因素,比较了几种修饰电极测定苯酚的灵敏度,探讨了苯酚在该修饰电极上的富集机理 相似文献
18.
Capnographic documentation of nasoesophageal and nasogastric feeding tube placement in dogs 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Paula A. Johnson DVM F. A. Mann DVM MS DACVS DACVECC John Dodam DVM MS PhD DACVA Keith Branson DVM MS DACVA Colette Wagner-Mann DVM PhD Mark A. Brady DVM Elizabeth Dunphy DVM 《Journal of Veterinary Emergency and Critical Care》2002,12(4):227-233
Objective: To evaluate the ability of capnography to document proper placement of nasoesophageal (NE) and nasogastric (NG) feeding tubes. This study was conducted in 3 phases. Phase I of this study was designed in order to test the efficacy of capnography to distinguish placement of a feeding tube in the alimentary tract versus the respiratory tract. Phase II was designed in order to document that carbon dioxide (CO2) could be measured through a polyvinyl chloride (PVC) feeding tube. Phase III was performed in order to evaluate the technique of continuous monitoring during insertion of the feeding tube into the esophagus and stomach as would be performed during a clinical‐tube placement. Design: Prospective study. Setting: Research laboratory. Animals: 24 adult dogs. Interventions: In Phase I, sedated dogs were instrumented with an intratracheal catheter and an 8 French feeding tube placed nasally into the distal esophagus and later advanced into the stomach. In Phase II, dogs were anesthetized and an 8 French feeding tube was placed down the endotracheal tube, then into the esophagus and later advanced into the stomach. In Phase III, sedated dogs were instrumented with an 8 French feeding tube inserted intranasally and then advanced to the level of the nasopharynx, distal esophagus and, lastly, the stomach. Fluoroscopy was used in order to determine location of the feeding tube. Measurements and main results: Phase I measurements included respiratory rate and CO2 from the trachea, esophagus, and stomach and pH of gastric fluid sample. Phase II measurements included respiratory rate and CO2 from the endotracheal tube, feeding tube in the endotracheal tube, feeding tube in the distal esophagus, and feeding tube in the stomach. Phase III data collection included respiratory rate and CO2 as the tube was passed through the nasal cavity, nasopharynx, esophagus and stomach. Phase I fluid samples were collected from 5 of the 9 dogs and had pH values from 1.68 to 4.20. In both phases, values for the respiratory rate and CO2 from the esophagus and stomach were 0 ± 0, significantly lower (P < 0.001) than the values from the trachea. In Phase II, there was no significant difference between the respiratory rates (P = 0.886) and CO2 (P = 0.705) readings obtained from the endotracheal tube compared to readings from the feeding tube in the endotracheal tube. In Phase III, there was a significant difference (P < 0.001) between the respiratory rates and CO2 readings obtained from the nasal cavity and the nasopharynx when compared to those readings obtained from the esophagus and stomach. Measurement of CO2 and respiratory rate resulted in a reading of 0 every time the feeding tube was in the esophagus or stomach. Conclusions: Capnography may be used in order to detect airway placement of NE and NG tubes. 相似文献
19.
J. Müller 《Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science》1993,171(4):217-235
Dry Matter Production, CO2 Exchange, Carbohydrate and Nitrogen Content of Winter Wheat at Elevated CO2 Concentration and Drought Stress
Methods of mathematical modelling and simulation are being used to an increasing degree in estimating the effects of rising atmospheric CO2 concentration and changing climatic conditions on agricultural ecosystems. In this context, detailed knowledge is required about the possible effects on crop growth and physiological processes. To this aim, the influence of an elevated CO2 concentration and of drought stress on dry matter production, CO2 exchange, and on carbohydrate and nitrogen content was studied in two winter wheat varieties from shooting to milk ripeness. Elevated CO2 concentration leads to a compensation of drought stress and at optimal water supply to an increase of vegetative dry matter and of yield to the fourfold value. This effects were caused by enhanced growth of secondary tillers which were reduced in plants cultivated at atmospheric CO2 concentration. Analogous effects in the development of ear organs were influenced additionally by competitive interactions between the developing organs. The content and the mass of ethanol soluble carbohydrates in leaves and stems were increased after the CO2 treatment and exhausted more completely during the grain filling period after drought stress. Plants cultivated from shooting to milk ripeness at elevated CO2 concentration showed a reduced response of net photosynthesis rate to increasing CO2 concentration by comparison with untreated plants. The rate of dark respiration was increased in this plants. 相似文献
Methods of mathematical modelling and simulation are being used to an increasing degree in estimating the effects of rising atmospheric CO
20.
Abstract. Soil samples from a 32-year grassland field experiment were taken from 0–5, 5–10, and 10–15 cm soil depths in February 2002. Plots received annual treatments of unamended control, mineral fertilizer, three rates of pig slurry and three rates of cow slurry, each with six replicates. Samples were analysed for cation exchange capacity (CEC), exchangeable cations (Na+ , K+ , Ca2+ , Mg2+ ), pH and Olsen P. Exchangeable sodium percentage (ESP) was calculated as a sodicity indicator. Mean ESP was generally greater for slurry treatments than the control, with a trend of increasing ESP with application rate. This was particularly marked for cow slurry. At 0–5 cm depth ESP increased from 1.18 in the control to 1.75 at the highest rate of pig slurry and 5.60 at the highest rate of cow slurry. Similar trends were shown for CEC, exchangeable Na+ , K+ and Mg2+ , Ca2+ and Olsen P. The build-up of soil P due to slurry applications, together with this combination of physical and chemical factors, may increase the risk of P loss to surface waters, particularly from soils receiving high rates of cow slurry. 相似文献