欧盟食品动物注射部位兽药残留指南概述

2022年3月25日,欧盟药品管理局(EMA)兽医药品委员会(CVMP)发布了食品动物注射部位兽药残留指南,并于2022年8月1日正式生效。该指南代替旧版的注射部位兽药残留指南(EMA/CVMP/542/03-FINAL)。本文就新发布指南的背景、适用范围、法律依据、评价方法、残留研究及相关定义等内容进行介绍。     

内蒙古红豆草黄萎病菌的分离鉴定及其生物学特性

依照柯赫氏法则,利用形态学结合分子生物学的方法首次对内蒙古自治区呼和浩特市中国农科院草原研究所沙尔沁基地红豆草疑似黄萎病的病样进行分离和鉴定,利用蘸根接种法对病原菌的致病性进行测定.同时,首次在室内条件下对病菌的生物学特性,如生长最适温度、酸碱度以及碳源、氮源对病原菌生长速率和产孢量的影响进行了研究.结果表明,引起沙尔...     

紧实度对青贮玉米有氧稳定期发酵品质、微生物数量的效应研究

本研究旨在分析不同紧实度对全株玉米青贮有氧暴露期间发酵品质和微生物变化的影响,为生产实践选择适宜的青贮紧实度提供参考。以新饲玉10号青贮玉米为材料,发酵装料密度设计为5个梯度(350,400,500,600,700 kg/m³),发酵期为50 d,检测开窖后各紧实度处理第12,24,36,60,108 h青贮发酵品质和主要微生物的变化,并用多通道温度记录仪监测温度变化。结果表明,有氧暴露时间与紧实度的交互作用对pH、乳酸、乙酸和氨态氮含量以及乳酸菌、霉菌、酵母菌和好氧细菌数量产生极显著影响(P<0.01)。开窖108 h后,紧实度为600 kg/m³青贮饲料的乳酸菌数量最多,达到8.17 lg cfu/g FW,其pH值和氨态氮含量最低,霉菌和酵母菌数量最少,分别为5.38和7.72 lg cfu/g FW;且紧实度600 kg/m³有氧暴露后稳定的时间显著高于其他处理(P<0.05),达到100 h。通过综合评价,在有氧暴露后紧实度为600 kg/m³的全株玉米青贮发酵品质及有氧稳定性最好,建议600 kg/m³为全株玉米最佳青贮紧实度。     

Carob pods (Ceratonia siliqua L.) improve growth performance,antioxidant status and caecal characteristics in growing rabbits

The objective of this study was to evaluate carob pods and their effect on growth performance, antioxidant activities, carcass and caecal characteristics and equilibrium modification of the caecal microbiota population of growing NZW rabbits. Eighty weaned rabbits (initial body weight: 625.00 ± 26.46 g) were randomly allocated into four dietary groups of 20 rabbits each until 90 days of age. Dietary groups were as follows: C (basal diet with no supplementation), CP1 (basal diet + 2.5% carob pods), CP2 (basal diet + 5% carob pods) and CP3 (basal diet + 10% carob pods). Rabbits given the CP2 diet had significantly higher daily and final body weights compared with the other experimental groups. The increase in inclusion rate of carob pods significantly decreased feed intake, whereas carob pods at 5% in the CP2 group recorded the best value of feed conversion ratio. Rabbits in the CP3 group showed the worst slaughter weight and carcass dressing percentage weight. No significant effect was found on meat protein and ash contents. Cholesterol, low‐density lipoprotein, high‐density lipoprotein and triglycerides decreased significantly (p < 0.05) in rabbits treated with carob pods compared with the control. Because of high content of the antioxidant compounds in CP2 and CP3 groups, the activities of glutathione peroxidase, glutathione S‐transferase, catalase and superoxide dismutase increased, whereas the concentration of thiobarbituric acid‐reactive substance decreased significantly. Rabbits given the CP2 diet had a significantly higher volatile fatty acid concentration and a lower pH in content of the caecum compared to the other groups. The data of microbial analysis for C group showed a significant increase in Escherichia coli and Clostridium counts. Lactobacillus and Bacillus counts increased significantly more in the CP2 and CP3 groups than in the other groups. In conclusion, 5% of carob pods in the diet stimulated the performance of growing rabbits, and thus, it has potential as an unconventional feed resource for rabbits without any adverse effects.     

Effects of Exogenous Glycine Betaine on the Physiological Characteristics in Medicago sativa Seedlings under Low-temperature Stress北大核心CSCD

In this study,the 'Ganong 5th' alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) was used as experimental material,and two application methods (leaf application,root application) and six exogenous betaine concentrations (0,10,20,30,40 and 50 mmol·L-1) were used to treat the seedlings of alfalfa. Plant growth and related physiological indexes were measured after 7 days of low temperature (4?) stress,and the physiological mechanism of exogenous betaine to alleviate the low temperature stress of alfalfa was explored. The results showed that exogenous GB alleviated the loss of plant height,root length,leaf dry weight,root dry weight and chlorophyll content,and increase the content of soluble sugar (SS) and free proline (Pro),and reduced the increase in leaf relative membrane permeability and MDA content. Exogenous GB increased antioxidant enzyme activities and non-enzymatic antioxidant content. And also,exogenous GB enhanced the osmotic adjustment capacity of the plant by increasing endogenous GB accumulation and BADH activity. These results indicated that exogenous GB enhanced the resistance of Medicago sativa to low-temperature stress under low temperature adjustment. The membership function analysis indicated that spraying 30 mmol·L-1 GB on the leaves and spraying 40 mmol·L-1 GB on the roots had the best effect on alleviating the low-temperature stress of alfalfa seedlings. © 2019 Ｊｏｕｒｎａｌ ｏｆ Ｒｅｆｒｉｇｅｒａｔｉｏｎ. All rights reserved.     

羊粪浸提液对燕麦种子萌发特性的影响

为研究羊粪对燕麦（Avena sativa）种子萌发特性的影响,以不同浓度羊粪浸提液（0、25%、50%、75%、100%）处理的7个品种（‘燕王’、‘牧王’、‘爱沃’、‘枪手’、‘魅力’、‘领袖’和‘贝勒’）的燕麦种子进行萌发试验。结果表明：100%羊粪浸提液显著抑制枪手的发芽率（P<0.05）,其他6个品种燕麦种子发芽率没有受羊粪浸提液的影响;羊粪浸提液显著降低‘牧王’、‘魅力’、‘领袖’和‘贝勒’的发芽势（P<0.05）,且随着浸提液浓度的升高,种子发芽势逐渐降低;随着浸提液浓度的升高,各品种燕麦种子的发芽指数均有逐渐降低的趋势;100%浓度浸提液显著降低种子活力指数（P<0.05）,而50%浸提液能显著提高‘燕王’、‘牧王’、‘领袖’和‘贝勒’的活力指数（P<0.05）。     

产箱环境对母貂母性行为和仔貂生长发育的影响

试验探讨了产箱环境对母貂母性行为和仔貂存活、生长、发育的影响。4种新型产箱类型有A、AB、AC、AD,B型为传统产箱。通过母貂的做窝行为和对5日龄仔貂的取回试验判断产箱环境对母貂母性行为的影响,通过出生重、出生个数、仔貂死亡率、平均体重、体表温度来判断产箱环境对仔貂存活、生长的影响。结果表明,仔貂的出生重和出生个数不受产箱环境的影响;AC型产箱能够增强母貂的母性,提高1~14日龄仔貂的存活率和平均体重。新型产箱在保温性能和产仔保活方面都优于传统产箱。     

CpG寡脱氧核苷酸的免疫刺激特性及应用研究进展

CpG基序是指含有非甲基化的胞嘧啶（C）和鸟嘌呤（G）二核苷酸为核心序列的基序为5′-R-D-CpG-Y-Y-3′的DNA或寡脱氧核苷酸序列,是DNA具有免疫刺激活性的结构基础。随着对CpG特性研究的不断深入,CpG寡脱氧核苷酸在激活先天性免疫、作为疫苗佐剂、对变态反应进行免疫治疗、抗肿瘤应用及基因治疗等方面均显示出较广阔的应用前景。现就CpG寡脱氧核苷酸的免疫激活作用、细胞识别及结构特征、治疗疾病方面的应用及毒理作用加以探讨。     

乳源外泌体研究进展

外泌体(exosomes)是一种纳米级别的细胞外囊泡,广泛存在于多种动物的组织和体液中,在各种类型的细胞外囊泡中,外泌体作为一个载体可以携带多种具有生物活性的内含物,而这些内含物的分拣是一个受调控的、非随机的过程.近年来,有研究发现,哺乳动物的乳源外泌体通过消化道被吸收后,可以促进幼畜肠道和免疫系统的发育,同时还参与一...