星形孢菌素产生菌的选育研究

用紫外线和微波复合诱变星形孢菌素产生菌(Stretomyces sp.4138),以硫酸链霉素抗性偶联进行筛选。结果表明:紫外线处理50s后,在含硫酸链霉素0.8μg/ml的分离培养基上筛选到突变株HZ-09,比原始菌株H-0效价提高了30.46%;再以HZ-09为出发菌株进行微波处理30s后,硫酸链霉素抗性筛选获得突变株HW-25,比原始菌株H-0效价提高了284.20%。菌株HW-25经多次传代,遗传性状稳定。     

Impact of sulfate nutrition on the utilization of atmospheric SO2 as sulfur source for Chinese cabbage

The ability of Chinese cabbage (Brassica pekinensis) to utilize atmospheric sulfur dioxide (SO₂) as sulfur (S) source for growth was investigated in relation to root sulfate (SO ) nutrition. If seedlings of Chinese cabbage were transferred to a sulfate‐deprived nutrient solution directly after germination, plants became rapidly S‐deficient. Plant‐biomass production was decreased and the shoot‐to‐root ratio decreased. Sulfate deprivation resulted in a substantial decrease in total S, sulfate, organic‐S, and water‐soluble nonprotein thiol contents and in an increase in amino‐acid content of both shoot and root. The sulfate‐uptake rate of the root was strongly increased, whereas nitrate‐uptake rate was decreased. Upon resupply of sulfate, the onset of S‐deficiency symptoms was prevented, and growth was restored, whereas sulfate and nitrate‐uptake rates were quite similar to those of the sulfate‐sufficient plants. A 6‐day exposure to 0.12 µL L^–1 SO₂ of sulfate‐sufficient plants did not affect plant‐biomass production, shoot‐to‐root ratio, S and nitrogen (N) compounds of shoot and root, or sulfate and nitrate uptake by the root. Exposure of sulfate‐deprived plants to SO₂ resulted in enhanced total S, organic‐S, and water‐soluble nonprotein thiol contents of the shoot. The contribution of SO₂ as S source for biomass production depended on the duration of the sulfate deprivation. If Chinese cabbage was transferred to a sulfate‐deprived nutrient solution and simultaneously exposed to SO₂, then plants benefited optimally from the foliarly absorbed S. The development of S‐deficiency symptoms was prevented, and shoot‐biomass production was quite similar to that of sulfate‐sufficient plants. However, upon SO₂ exposure root‐biomass production was even higher than that of sulfate‐sufficient plants, whereas sulfate uptake was still enhanced. Evidently, upon SO₂ exposure there was no strict and direct shoot‐to‐root signaling in tuning sulfate uptake by the root and its transport to the shoot to the need for growth, via down‐regulation of sulfate uptake and normalizing shoot–to–root biomass partitioning.     

Efficacy of two chondroitin sulfate ophthalmic solutions in the therapy of spontaneous chronic corneal epithelial defects and ulcerative keratitis associated with bullous keratopathy in dogs

OBJECTIVE: To determine the efficacy of two antimicrobial-chondroitin sulfate ophthalmic solutions in the therapy of spontaneous chronic corneal epithelial defects (SCCED) and ulcerative keratitis associated with bullous keratopathy in dogs. ANIMALS STUDIED: Eighty dogs with SCCED and 14 dogs with ulcerative keratitis associated with bullous keratopathy. PROCEDURE: Following manual debridement of nonadherent epithelium, dogs were treated topically with a chondroitin sulfate ophthalmic solution containing either tobramycin or ciprofloxacin. Patients were re-evaluated at 2-week intervals for 4 weeks. RESULTS: After 2 weeks of treatment, 53.6% of eyes with SCCED and 17.6% of eyes with ulcerative keratitis associated with bullous keratopathy had healed. After 4 weeks of treatment, 81.0% of eyes with SCCED and 23.5% of eyes with ulcerative keratitis associated with bullous keratopathy had healed. There were no statistically significant differences in healing percentages between the tobramycin-chondroitin sulfate solution treatment groups and the ciprofloxacin-chondroitin sulfate solution treatment groups. Two dogs with SCCED, one treated with the tobramycin-chondroitin sulfate solution and the other treated with the ciprofloxacin-chondroitin sulfate solution, developed sterile corneal stromal abscesses during the study. CONCLUSIONS: Topical therapy with an antimicrobial-chondroitin sulfate ophthalmic solution combined with manual debridement of nonadherent epithelium compares favorably with other published medical and surgical therapies for SCCED; however, these compounds are only equivocally more effective than therapy with manual debridement alone. These solutions appear to be ineffective in the treatment of ulcerative keratitis associated with bullous keratopathy. The significance of the two cases of corneal stromal abscessation is unknown at this time and warrants further investigation.     

硫酸锌拌种对小麦幼苗生长发育的影响

采用盆栽方法研究了硫酸锌不同浓度拌种对小麦(Triticum aestivum L.)根系和地上部生长发育的影响。以鲁麦18为试验材料,设置硫酸锌不同拌种浓度,即每千克种子拌硫酸锌0、0.25、0.5、1.0、2.0、4.0、8.0 g,整盆取样并进行各指标测定。结果表明,在低浓度下,即每千克种子拌硫酸锌0~4.0 g时,硫酸锌拌种促进小麦的生长发育,随着硫酸锌拌种浓度的增加,小麦生长各指标(出苗率、发芽指数、株高)、各器官干物质积累量、根冠比、根系形态指标和根系生理活性指标均呈先升后降的趋势,其中以1.0 g/kg处理效果最好;当拌种浓度达到8.0 g/kg时各指标均低于对照,对小麦的生长发育产生抑制作用。说明在0~4.0 g/kg浓度范围内,硫酸锌拌种能促进小麦的生长发育,其中以1.0 g/kg浓度处理效果最好,8.0 g/kg时对小麦的生长发育产生抑制作用。     

复方万年青胶囊联合美施康定治疗97例肺癌重度疼痛患者的临床观察

目的 观察复方万年青胶囊联合美施康定（硫酸吗啡缓释片）控制肺癌重度疼痛的效果。方法 回顾性调查97例肺癌重度疼痛患者,随机分为2组,对照组47例,采用美施康定治疗;试验组50例,采用复方万年青胶囊联合美施康定治疗,观察2组的抗癌痛效果、美施康定的人均维持日剂量、生活质量改善情况及不良反应发生情况。结果 与对照组相比,试验组抗癌痛效果较优（P<0.05）,美施康定的人均维持日剂量较小（P<0.05）,生活质量改善更明显（P<0.05）,毒副作用更小。结论 复方万年青胶囊联合美施康定治疗肺癌重度疼痛,能明显缓解癌痛,增强止痛效果,减轻不良反应,提高生活质量。     

Interactive effect between sulfate and selenate on glutathione pool in garden rocket (Eruca sativa L.) leaves

Garden rocket (Eruca sativa L.) plants grown in sand culture were irrigated with normal 1/10 Hoagland's medium [low sulfate (SO₄^2?)] or with double SO₄^2? concentration (high SO₄^2?), each supplemented with 0, 2, 10 ppm SeO₄^2? as sodium selenate for 30 days. Increasing SO₄^2? concentration in the nutrient medium diminished SeO₄^2? uptake, foliar hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂), and MDA via enhancing the glutathione pool and their enzyme activities. These results showed that increasing SO₄^2?/SeO₄^2? ratio in nutrient medium of rocket plants played an important role in selenate detoxification.     

Additions of ammonium sulfate and urease inhibitor with urea to improve spring wheat and sugar beet yield

Additions of ammonium sulfate and urease inhibitor with urea might have potential to increase yield and quality due to increased supply of sulfur (S) and reduction in volatilization loss of nitrogen (N), respectively. Treatments consisting, (i) urea alone, (ii) urea with ammonium sulfate (UAS) and (iii) homogeneous granular fertilizer containing urea and ammonium sulfate (HBU), and (iv) urease inhibitor treated urea (UI), at two application rates, 134 and 168 kg N ha^?1, were compared for spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) production at Glyndon and Ada of Minnesota, USA, during 2014–2015. For both crops, additions of UI had increased yield due to higher soil N availability over urea only in 2015. In 2014, UI also increased the grain protein content over urea and UAS increased sugar content only over HBU in 2015. Spring wheat and sugarbeet yield and quality response to urease inhibitor or supply of S in the form of UAS depends on soil and climatic factors.     

不同方法提取海洋硅藻粗多糖的比较

采用不同提取方法(水提法、酸提法、碱提法、超声辅助法、冻融辅助法等)从室外培养的海洋硅藻生物质中提取粗多糖。通过比较不同方法下的粗多糖提取率、多糖总糖、蛋白质及硫酸基含量筛选较优的方法。试验结果显示,水提法的粗多糖提取率最低,浓碱法粗多糖提取率最高。物理法(超声、冻融结合高温法)提取的粗多糖中总糖含量总体比化学试剂法(酸碱法)高,以冻融+90 ℃最高,稀酸法最低;硫酸基含量则以稀酸法最高,浓碱法最低。综合单位质量海洋硅藻生物质粗多糖提取率与单位质量粗多糖组成的结果可知,单位质量硅藻生物质提取的总糖量大小为:浓碱+冻融法>浓碱+冻融+90 ℃法>浓碱法>稀酸法>超声+冻融+90 ℃>稀碱法>超声+冻融>冻融+90 ℃;硫酸基质量以浓碱+冻融法最高,稀碱法最低。这些结果表明,利用浓碱+冻融法可从海洋硅藻中提取出较多多糖并使硫酸基处于较高水平,利于硅藻多糖后续的纯化与利用。进一步利用浓碱+冻融法提取4种海洋硅藻(角毛藻、菱形藻、茧形藻、海链藻)粗多糖,结果表明,单位质量生物质提取的粗多糖总糖含量以茧形藻最高(约24%),海链藻最低(约5%);硫酸基含量则以角毛藻最高(5.05%),茧形藻最低(0.51%)。     

Effects of foliar spray of nano-particles of FeSO4 on the growth and ion content of sunflower under saline condition

This study investigated the effects of foliar spray of normal and nano-particles of iron sulfate (FeSO₄) on the response of sunflower cultivars to salinity. Treatments included five cultivars (Alstar, Olsion, Yourflor, Hysun36 and Hysun33), two salinity levels (0 and 100 mM sodium chloride (NaCl)), and three levels of fertilizer application. Fertilizer treatments were the foliar application of normal and nano-particles of FeSO₄. Foliar application of FeSO₄ in either form increased leaf area, shoot dry weight, net carbon dioxide (CO₂) assimilation rate (A), sub-stomatal CO₂ concentration (Ci), chlorophyll content, Fv/Fm and iron (Fe) content and decreased sodium (Na) content in leaves. The extent of increase in chlorophyll a content by foliar spray of FeSO₄ nano-particles was significantly greater than normal form. The results showed that the FeSO₄ nano-particles increased biomass production of sunflower plants greater in comparison with normal form, although no significant difference was found between two forms.