Novel Adociaquinone Derivatives from the Indonesian Sponge Xestospongia sp.

Seven new adociaquinone derivatives, xestoadociaquinones A (1a), B (1b), 14-carboxy-xestoquinol sulfate (2) and xestoadociaminals A–D (3a, 3c, 4a, 4c), together with seven known compounds (5–11) were isolated from an Indonesian marine sponge Xestospongia sp. Their structures were elucidated by extensive 1D and 2D NMR and mass spectrometric data. All the compounds were evaluated for their potential inhibitory activity against eight different protein kinases involved in cell proliferation, cancer, diabetes and neurodegenerative disorders as well as for their antioxidant and antibacterial activities.     

硫酸安普霉素对哺乳仔猪黄白痢的预防试验

为了解国产硫酸安普霉素对哺乳仔猪黄痢和白痢发病率、成活率及体重的影响 ,用国产硫酸安普霉素对 2 0头哺乳母猪和 1 55头哺乳仔猪分别进行了为期 3 0 d的饲喂试验 ,结果表明 :在母猪或仔猪或同时添加硫酸安普霉素 ,均能提高仔猪成活率 ,降低仔猪黄痢、白痢发生率 ,促进仔猪生长。     

Depolymerization of Fucosylated Chondroitin Sulfate with a Modified Fenton-System and Anticoagulant Activity of the Resulting Fragments

Fucosylated chondroitin sulfate (fCS) from sea cucumber Isostichopus badionotus (fCS-Ib) with a chondroitin sulfate type E (CSE) backbone and 2,4-O-sulfo fucose branches has shown excellent anticoagulant activity although has also show severe adverse effects. Depolymerization represents an effective method to diminish this polysaccharide’s side effects. The present study reports a modified controlled Fenton system for degradation of fCS-Ib and the anticoagulant activity of the resulting fragments. Monosaccharides and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analysis of the resulting fragments indicate that no significant chemical changes in the backbone of fCS-Ib and no loss of sulfate groups take place during depolymerization. A reduction in the molecular weight of fCS-Ib should result in a dramatic decrease in prolonging activated partial thromboplastin time and thrombin time. A decrease in the inhibition of thrombin (FIIa) by antithromin III (AT III) and heparin cofactor II (HCII), and the slight decrease of the inhibition of factor X activity, results in a significant increase of anti-factor Xa (FXa)/anti-FIIa activity ratio. The modified free-radical depolymerization method enables preparation of glycosaminoglycan (GAG) oligosaccharides suitable for investigation of clinical anticoagulant application.     

进出口动物中新霉素ELISA检测方法的建立

应用碳二亚胺法合成人工抗原得到卵清蛋白偶联新霉素,通过方阵试验确定最佳抗原包被浓度与抗体稀释倍数,以新霉素质量浓度对数为横坐标、抗体抑制率为纵坐标绘制标准曲线,建立了进出口食用动物中新霉素ELISA快速检测技术,并对建立的方法进行了回收率和特异性试验。结果表明,建立的检测方法包被人工合成抗原的最适稀释度为1：200,抗体的最佳稀释度为1：2 000,半数抑制浓度（IC₅₀）为6.99 ng/mL;该方法的最低检测限达40 ng/mL,与庆大霉素、卡那霉素、链霉素、托普霉素、阿米卡星、双氢链霉素的交叉反应率均小于0.1%,平均加标回收率83.77%。标准曲线在1.5~40 ng/mL范围内是线性的,相关系数为0.987,标准曲线方程为y=-37.66x+94.592;与常规液相检测方法相比操作简单、快速。本研究建立了一种快速、高效、特异的新霉素ELISA检测方法。     

稻作对酸性硫酸盐土酸分布及迁移的影响

【目的】酸性硫酸盐土(ASS)酸含量极高,Fe、 Al、 Mn、 As等有毒金属移动性强。许多开发利用方式不仅影响其成土母质黄铁矿的氧化程度并可能带来生态风险,稻作利用被认为是生态风险较低的方式。本研究开展水田和荒地两种利用条件下ASS中酸含量调查研究,探讨稻作利用方式对ASS酸含量的影响。【方法】于2013年8月,在广东省台山市发育于珠江三角洲滨海ASS的水稻田和严重酸化的长期撂荒地采集土壤样品,从土表向下0—300 cm范围内采用宽45 mm的土钻每20 cm采集1个样品,每个剖面共采集15个样品。比较两种利用方式下ASS各土层土壤pH值、 水溶性酸、 交换性酸、 吸持性酸含量,探讨稻作利用方式对ASS酸分布及运移的影响。【结果】珠江三角洲平原ASS的酸含量极高,在0—80 cm深度范围内,总存在酸含量随着土层深度加深而提高,土层深度每下降20 cm,总存在酸含量就平均提高61.62%; 80 cm以下土层总存在酸含量随着土层深度下降逐渐降低,其中80—180 cm深度范围内的降幅较大,土层深度每下降20 cm,总存在酸含量就平均降低61.62%; 当土层深度下降至220 cm时,pH值上升到6.0,酸含量非常低。稻作利用方式显著影响ASS的酸含量及其在土壤剖面的迁移情况。与荒地比较,稻田0—80 cm土层的总存在酸含量显著降低,其中水溶性酸、 交换性酸和吸持性酸含量平均降幅分别为77.01%、 36.75%、 27.74%,水溶性酸和交换性酸的差异达到显著水平,吸持性酸仅在0—20 cm 和60—80 cm土层的差异达到显著水平; 100—120 cm深度范围内稻田的总存在酸含量显著高于荒地,其中水溶性酸、 交换性酸和吸持性酸含量的增幅分别为128.19%、 54.87%、 154.96%,120—240 cm土层中,稻田的交换性酸和吸持性酸含量稍高于荒地,但差异不显著; 240—300 cm土层中,稻田的酸含量与荒地基本相同。总体上,稻作方式改变了ASS中酸在土壤剖面的分布,其中0—80 cm土层中酸含量显著降低,而100—120 cm土层的酸含量显著提高,并以吸持性酸为主要形式固定累积下来。稻田在0—80 cm深度范围内的水溶性硫含量显著低于荒地; 而稻田100—120 cm土层的水溶性硫含量则显著高于荒地,其他土层的差异不显著。水溶性硫与水溶性酸、 交换性酸和吸持性酸均显著正相关,表明稻作利用方式可能通过影响硫酸盐矿物的转化过程而改变ASS的酸分布及迁移。【结论】稻作利用方式显著降低上层土壤酸含量,并加强了酸淋洗下移作用,使100—120 cm土层中的酸含量大幅提高,并以黄钾铁矾等羟基硫酸盐次生矿物暂时吸持固定下来。因此,稻作利用方式有效降低ASS酸含量水平,降低ASS对实地作物的危害作用,但因其强淋溶作用可能加大了对地下水体污染的风险。     

Dose-Confirmation of Copper Sulfate for Treating Fungus on Channel Catfish,Ictalurus punctatus,Eggs at a Commercial Hatchery

This study at a commercial hatchery was required by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration to provide independent substantiation of the results of previous laboratory dose-confirmation studies on the use of copper sulfate (CuSO₄) to control fungus (Saprolegnia spp.) on the eggs of channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus. The study compared an untreated control group of eggs to eggs treated with 10 mg/L CuSO₄ in a flow-through system; mean water temperature was 23.5°C. Eggs were treated once daily until the embryos reached the eyed stage (5 treatments). Hatching was complete by day 11, and fry were counted to determine the percentage of survival in each treatment. Fungus was identified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) as Saprolegnia spp. The mean survival in the control treatments was 4% and 40% in the CuSO₄ treatments; the latter survival was significantly higher, but still lower than normal. This study confirms that 10 mg/L CuSO₄ is an effective treatment to control fungus on catfish eggs when used daily until the eggs are eyed. However, continued treatment of eggs until hatching occurs may be warranted based on fungal growth rates observed after treatments were discontinued.     

普鲁卡因青霉素－硫酸双氢链霉素混悬剂对猪链球菌病的临床药效观察

本研究报道了普鲁卡因青霉素－硫酸双氢链霉素混悬剂对试验性感染猪链球菌病的临床药效学。以试管2倍稀释法测得兰氏C群类马链球菌对青霉素、恩诺沙星的最小抑菌浓度(MIC)分别是0.0313、0.5 mg/L。肌注给药对猪链球菌病的试验性治疗结果表明,低、中、高剂量普鲁卡因青霉素－硫酸双氢链霉素混悬剂组(0.05、0.1、0.2 mL/kg体重,每毫升混悬剂含普鲁卡因青霉素、硫酸双氢链霉素200000 IU和250000 IU)及恩诺沙星组(2.5 mg/kg体重)用药3 d,对猪链球菌病的治愈率分别是60%、80%、90%及60%,而链球菌感染对照的死亡率为70%。     

新霉素免疫膜层析检测方法研究

 【目的】研制新霉素（neomycin,NEO）免疫膜层析快速检测试纸。【方法】建立分泌抗新霉素单克隆抗体(NEO mAb)杂交瘤细胞株,用胶体金免疫膜层析试验(GICA)制备NEO残留快速检测试纸(NEO-Strip),并对其性能进行鉴定。【结果】抗新霉素单克隆抗体的亲和力常数为3.75×1010 mol·L-1;制备的 NEO-Strip目测限为50 ng·mL-1;试纸可特异性检测NEO,与庆大霉素、链霉素、妥布霉素、紫苏霉素、莱克多巴胺、沙丁胺醇、泰乐菌素和氯霉素等其它药物均无交叉反应性;就定性检测而言,其结果与高效液相色谱串联质谱法（HPLC-MS-MS）完全一致;不同的基质液对试纸的敏感度影响甚微。【结论】建立了特异的NEO免疫层析检测方法。     

L-苏氨酸产生菌的选育

[目的]为苏氨酸基因工程菌的构建和苏氨酸的工业化生产奠定基础。[方法]以谷氨酸棒杆菌为出发菌株,采用紫外线（UV）诱变和硫酸二乙酯（DES）复合诱变进行诱变处理并筛选出AHV抗性突变株。[结果]用细菌选择性平板选出产酸菌株266株,用纸层析法从中选出产苏氨酸菌株3株,其产苏氨酸量分别为0．18、0．12和0．08g／L。在AHV浓度为0、1．5和3．0g／L的平板上,菌株X1的菌落多且大;在AHV浓度为4．5g／L的平板上,其菌落少且小;在AHV浓度为6．0和7．5g／L的平板上仅有几个小菌落。传代试验表明只有菌株UV-3能稳定产酸,产量比出发菌株高55．6％。在AHV浓度为4．5、6．0和7．5g／L的平板上,菌株UV-3的菌落多且大;在AHV浓度为9．0g／L的平板上,其菌落少且小;在AHV浓度为10．5g／L的平板上仅有几个小菌落。[结论]该试验成功选育出了一株稳定、高产并具有AHV抗性的L-苏氨酸产生菌。     

土壤有效硫测定时标准曲线绘制方法的研究

用硫酸钡比浊法测试土壤有效硫,绘制硫标准曲线时,低浓度的一端不成直线,所以标准曲线达不到技术要求,测试结果准确度很低．经过严格的试验设计和定量分析研究,结果表明,用多项式绘制的标准曲线相关性要明显高于用直线回归方程绘制的标准曲线。