PATHOLOGIC BASIS FOR RIM ENHANCEMENT OBSERVED IN COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHIC IMAGES OF FELINE NASOPHARYNGEAL POLYPS

In postcontrast computed tomographic (CT) images, feline nasopharyngeal polyps typically demonstrate enhancement of the peripheral rim. Computed tomographic images and histologic specimens of a case series of 22 cats with surgically removed nasopharyngeal polyps were reviewed retrospectively in an attempt to elucidate the origin of rim enhancement. Polyps were present in the tympanic cavity in 15 (68%) cats (three with extension into the nasopharynx), only in the nasopharynx in four (18%) cats, and only in the external ear canal in the remaining three (14%) cats. All polyps had variable degrees of epithelial injury. Hemorrhage and inflammatory infiltration were significantly more marked in the superficial stroma whereas edema was significantly more marked in the core stroma. In noncontrast CT images (n = 22), the tympanic bulla was thickened in all 15 cats with a polyp in the tympanic cavity and enlarged in eight (53%) of these cats. In postcontrast CT images (n = 15), an outer zone of relatively increased attenuation compatible with a rim was observed in 11 (73%) polyps. The magnitude and extent of rim enhancement in CT images was positively correlated with the histologic grade of inflammation in the superficial stroma and negatively correlated with the grade of edema in the superficial stroma. It appears that inflammation is the major determinant of contrast medium accumulation in feline nasopharyngeal polyps, and the tendency for inflammation to affect predominantly the superficial layers explains the frequent observation of a rim in postcontrast CT images.     

Histology,histochemistry and ultrastructure of the nasopharyngeal tonsil of the buffalo (Bubalus bubalis)

The light microscopic appearance and ultrastructure of the nasopharyngeal tonsil (tonsilla pharyngea), collected from 12 adult buffaloes of local mixed breed, were explored for the distribution of different types of epithelia, lymphoid tissue and high endothelial venules. The tonsillar mucosa was lined by pseudostratified columnar ciliated epithelium having goblet cells. The respiratory epithelium associated with the underlying lymphoid tissue formed the lymphoepithelium. The epithelium was further modified into follicle‐associated epithelium (FAE) characterized by reduced epithelial height, presence of a few dome‐shaped cuboidal cells equivalent of the M‐cells and absence of goblet and ciliated cells. The lymphoid tissue was distributed in the form of isolated lymphoid cells, diffuse lymphoid tissue and lymphoid follicles, mainly distributed within the propria‐submucosa along with the sero‐mucous glandular tissue. The goblet cells of the respiratory epithelium and the acinar cells contained different mucopolysaccharides. Scanning electron microscopy of the surface mucosa demonstrated a dense mat of cilia, island‐like arrangement of microvillus cells, M‐cells and a few brush‐like cells. The transmission electron microscopy revealed the different cell organelles of the respiratory epithelium and the FAE. Lymphocyte migration via the high endothelial venules in the propria‐submucosa was also observed.     

人鼻咽上皮及鼻咽癌组织角蛋白的免疫组化研究

用抗角蛋白抗体免疫组化ABC法,对28例人鼻咽上皮(包括鳞状上皮及柱状上皮)和75例分化程度不同的鼻咽癌细胞进行了角蛋白检测。结果全部为阳性表达,其中鼻咽上皮表层细胞染色强度明显,基底层细胞染色较弱,两者之间有明显差别(P<0.01);鼻咽癌细胞以高分化鳞癌表达最强,未分化癌表达最弱,高、低,未分化鼻咽癌细胞之间的角蛋白表达有显著性差异(P<0.005),表明角蛋白表达与分化有关。     

粤西地区EB病毒血清学与鼻咽癌关系的前瞻性观察

１９８７～１９８９年对粤西农垦系统１２个农场和３个工厂的２７０９４名３０～５９岁鼻咽癌高发年龄人群进行了ＥＢ病毒血清学与鼻咽癌关系的前瞻性观察。初次查出ＩｇＡ／ＶＣＡ阳性者２５２０人，ＩｇＡ／ＥＡ阳性者８８人，并在２年多后进行了追踪复查。在ＩｇＡ／ＶＣＡ和ＩｇＡ／ＥＡ阳性者中共检出鼻咽癌２４例。结果表明，粤西地区的鼻咽癌检出率居广东省中等水平；持续高滴度ＩｇＡ／ＶＣＡ和伴ＩｇＡ／ＥＡ阳性者鼻咽癌发病可能性大，可视为鼻咽癌高危人群。结果提示体内ＥＢ病毒复制活跃与鼻咽癌发生可能有关。     

低分化鼻咽癌细胞系及其2个单克隆株浸润羊膜的电镜观察

利用电镜比较观察了经细胞培养的低分化鼻咽癌细胞系(CNE-2Z)及其2个单克隆株(4-2-H_5,5-1-F_1)对羊膜浸润的特点和浸润能力,结果表明:4-2-H_5及CNE-2Z浸润羊膜的能力比5-1-F_1强;浸润羊膜具有粘附、伸出伪足、溶解破坏及侵入羊膜等几个阶段;讨论了浸润羊膜的某些机理。     

鼻咽癌上皮细胞系CNE—2Z及其克隆株CNE—2Z—H5的细胞遗传学研究

目的：研究鼻咽癌上皮细胞系ＣＮＥ－２Ｚ及其克隆株ＣＮＥ－２Ｚ－Ｈ５的核型特征和标记染色体。方法：常规细胞培养和制片后进行染色体Ｇ显带，按人类细胞遗传学国际命名体制（ＩＳＣＮ）进行核型分析。结果：ＣＮＥ－２Ｚ的染色体数目在７４～９６之间，众数为８６～８７，ＣＮＥ－２Ｚ－Ｈ５的染色体数目在８３～９３之间，众数为８６～８８，两种细胞均有一系列结构复杂的标记染色体，其中１８条出现大部分被分析细胞中，其结构     

抑癌基因ING1在鼻咽癌中的表达及突变分析

本研究运用免疫组化技术、逆转录 - PCR( RT- PCR) ,PCR- SS-CP技术对鼻咽癌组织及鼻咽癌细胞系中 ING1的表达和突变进行检测 .结果发现 3 0例鼻咽癌标本中 ING1蛋白表达下调率为 70 % ( 2 1/ 3 0 ) ;ING1m RNA表达明显下调率为 4 6% ( 12 / 2 6) ,6例鼻咽癌细胞系中有 2例鼻咽癌细胞系表达明显下调 ,而 11例 ( 4 2 .5 % ) NPC组织及其它 4例细胞系表达与正常水平相当 ,另有 3例 ( 11.5 % )鼻咽癌组织过表达 ;单链构像多态性分析 ( SSCP)在鼻咽癌及鼻咽癌细胞系中均未发现突变 .结果表明ING1基因的转录及翻译表达水平与鼻咽癌的发生 /发展呈负相关 ,该基因的异常表达是鼻咽癌发生中的频发事件而与基因突变无关     

湖南地区汉族人群mir-499基因多态性与鼻咽癌发生发展的关联性研究

目的研究mir-499(rs3746444)位点多态性与鼻咽癌发病风险及临床病理因素的关系。方法采用病例-对照研究方法,用PCR-RFLP检测152例湖南地区汉族鼻咽癌患者(病例组)及性别、年龄匹配的197例正常人(对照组)mir-499(rs3746444)多态性分布,分析其与鼻咽癌风险及临床病理因素的关系。结果 mir-499基因多态性位点rs3746444的基因型和等位基因分布在病例组和对照组中差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。T3、T4期鼻咽癌患者携带CC基因型的比例低于T1、T2期患者(P=0.027)。结论 mir-499基因多态性与湖南地区汉族人鼻咽癌的疾病发生无关,与鼻咽癌的疾病进展有关。     

紫杉醇加5-氟尿嘧啶持续滴注并联合力尔凡治疗晚期鼻咽癌的临床应用

目的 :观察紫杉醇、醛氢叶酸、5 -氟尿嘧啶 (5 -FU)持续滴注联合力尔凡治疗晚期鼻咽癌的疗效及不良反应。方法 :病理组织学确诊的晚期鼻咽癌 41例 ,分为治疗组 (2 1例 )和对照组 (2 0例 )。对照组采取以下方案 :紫杉醇 15 0 mg/m2 ,静脉滴注 3 h,第 1天 ;醛氢叶酸 2 0 0 mg/m2 ,静脉滴注 2 h,随后 5 -FU3 75 mg/m2静脉推注 10 min,再接 5 -FU3 .0 g/m2用输液泵连续滴注 48h。治疗组的治疗在上述方案的基础上 ,同时使用力尔凡 2 0 mg/d,静脉滴注。以上治疗每 3周重复 ,至少完成 2个疗程治疗。结果 :治疗组及对照组的有效率(CR+ PR)分别为 5 2 .3 %、45 .0 % ,中位生存期分别为 11.2个月、10 .8个月 ,1a生存率分别为 3 3 .3 % (7/2 1)、3 0 .0 % (6/2 0 ) ,3 a生存率分别为 9.5 % (2 /2 1)、10 .0 % (2 /2 0 ) ,上述两组间的各项指标差异均无显著性 (P>0 .0 5 ) ;临床受益率分别为 80 .9%、45 .0 % ,差异有显著性 (P<0 .0 5 )。两组的主要不良反应为骨髓抑制、周围神经炎、消化道反应、肌肉和关节疼痛、脱发等。治疗组发热多见 (P<0 .0 5 )。结论 :紫杉醇、醛氢叶酸、5 -氟尿嘧啶持续滴注治疗晚期鼻咽癌疗效确切 ,不良反应可以为患者所耐受 ,加用力尔凡可提高临床受益反应水平 ,可改善患者生活质量 ,值得