FAILURE PATTERNS FOLLOWING COBALT IRRADIATION IN DOGS WITH NASAL CARCINOMA

The pattern of tumor recurrence was assessed in 24 dogs receiving cobalt radiation therapy for nasal carcinoma. Dogs were evaluated using nasal cavity computed tomography prior to treatment, and at 1, 3, 6 and 12 months after treatment, and at 6-month intervals thereafter if still alive. Dogs were treated with various combinations of total dose, and fraction size. Total doses were normalized to equivalent doses given in 3.0 Gy fractions. The extent of tumor regression or duration of tumor control were not dependent on absolute total dose, normalized total dose, or tumor type. The median duration of local control in all dogs was 312 days. Marked tumor regression was observed in 11 of the 24 dogs. Median duration of local control was significantly longer in dogs with marked tumor regression in comparison to dogs without tumor regression; 389 vs. 161 days respectively. When tumor recurrence was documented in dogs having tumor regression, the location of the recurrence was in the nasal cavity. No tumor recurred in a sinus or periorbital region, and only one geographic miss was detected. Tumor recurrence in the irradiated volume, including dogs with and without marked regression, was documented in 13 of the 24 dogs. The high local failure rate, coupled with the recurrence pattern in these dogs, suggests there may be an opportunity for improvement in local control through use of shrinking field techniques.     

Bovine nasal eosinophilic, granuloma with blood eosinophilia caused by Nocardia species.

OBJECTIVE: To describe a case of nocardial nasal granuloma in a Holstein heifer. CLINICAL FEATURES: The heifer showed laboured respiration and occasional coughing with granulomatous excrescences on the bilateral nasal mucosa, and a marked leucocytosis with eosinophilia. NECROPSY: Severe granulomatous inflammation with eosinophils, epithelioid cells, giant cells and Nocardia sp obstructed both nasal passages completely. CONCLUSION: This lesion resulted from chronic infection with Nocardia sp and is distinct from other forms of bovine nasal granuloma, also called atopic rhinitis or chronic granular rhinitis, which we propose should be classified as bovine allergic granular rhinitis. The most appropriate name for the present disease is bovine nasal eosinophilic granuloma.     

REIRRADIATION OF RECURRENT CANINE NASAL TUMORS

Canine nasal tumors are typically treated with radiation therapy but most patients develop local recurrence. Our purpose was to evaluate tumor and normal tissue response to reirradiation in nine dogs. The median dose delivered with the first protocol was 50 Gy (range 44–55 Gy) and the median fraction number was 18 (range 15–20). For the second protocol, the median dose was lower intentionally, median of 36 Gy (range 23–44 Gy), without changing the median fraction number of 18 (range 14–20) to avoid late effects. The median time between protocols was 539 days (range 258–1652 days). Median survival was 927 days (95% confidence interval [CI] 423–1767 days). Median time to progression following the first and second courses was 513 days (95% CI 234–1180 days) and 282 days (95% CI 130–453 days), respectively. These were not significantly different (P=0.086). The qualitative response assessment was better for the first course compared with the second (P=0.018). Severity and timing of skin, mucous membrane, and ocular effects were similar for early side effects between the two courses (P>0.05 for all comparisons). All dogs experienced some late side effects, with two out of nine being classified as severe. These severe effects were blindness in each dog, possibly related to tumor recurrence. Reirradiation of canine nasal tumors resulted in a second clinical remission in eight of nine dogs, although the second response was less complete. Acute and late effects for seven of nine patients were not life threatening, indicating that reirradiation of canine nasal tumors may be a viable treatment option after recurrence.     

COX-2 expression and outcome in canine nasal carcinomas treated with hypofractionated radiotherapy

The expression of cyclooxygenase isoform 2 (COX-2) in canine nasal carcinomas has been well documented. COX-2 expression has proven to be a prognostic factor in several human tumours. The aims of this study were to assess the correlation between immunohistochemical COX-2 expression and prognosis using rhinoscopic biopsies from 42 dogs with nasal carcinomas treated with hypofractionated radiotherapy, and to establish a replicable COX-2 scoring system. Ninety per cent of sections evaluated were COX-2 positive with a mean score of 6.6 (median 8.0; range 0-12). Neither COX-2 expression nor tumour type had a significant correlation with survival. There are likely to be many as yet unidentified variants which contribute to length of survival in dogs with nasal carcinomas. Immunohistochemical COX-2 expression appears unlikely to be of prognostic significance for canine nasal carcinoma.     

矿业城市土地损毁生态风险评价与空间防范策略

为量化矿业城市土地损毁生态风险、提高土地复垦和综合整治有效性,以吉林省辽源市为研究区,提出基于GIS的矿业城市土地损毁生态风险定量评价与空间防范的思路和方法。首先将土地损毁作为直接生态风险源,将土地生态系统作为生态风险受体,借助遥感信息模型与GIS空间分析模型,依次评价土地生态系统的生态敏感性、土地损毁累积作用以及二者间的暴露关系;然后确定综合生态风险值及其等级空间分布,并据此将矿业城市土地利用划分为环境敏感特别保护区、一般生态保护区、生态保育区、生态协调区、生态复垦区、限制发展区、工矿发展区与城镇发展区等八大功能区,各区内生态风险防范措施各有侧重;最后利用2010年城市总体规划图对评价与分区结果进行有效性分析,分析结果表明,辽源市90%以上的规划建设用地属于发展主导区域、70%以上的非规划用地属于生态保护主导区,研究结果与2010年城市规划用地布局范围基本吻合。基于 GIS 定量方法进行矿业城市土地损毁生态风险分析可空间化土地利用的风险等级与主导风险因素,为制定有针对性的风险防范措施提供了空间信息;也为矿业城市土地复垦规划、土地整理规划与土地利用总体规划的有机结合提供了参考。     

Probabilistic Model of the Brown Rat Control

We represent assessment of the rats control operator＇s actions, starting from the placement of rat control means （chemical, mechanical and others） in the object territory until the full its elimination and followed by assessment of the probability of rat population recovery. The probability of success is evaluated when using a combination of rat control means. We took into account changes in rat population occurring in different calendar periods of the year. The proposed calculation method can be used in training programs, as well as for the local forecast of releasing objects from rats and rats＇ re-settling.     

静冰生消室内模拟试验研究及关键参数确定

基于嫩江岸冰原位观测数据,开展静冰生消过程室内模拟试验研究并确定关键参数。结果表明,依据模型试验相似关系,确定室内模型试验需考虑关键参数为几何比尺C_l、温度比尺C_T、时间比尺C_t与试验室修正系数C_α;通过建立冰冻度日相似准则,应用相似原理推导得出:(C_l/C_α)~2=C_TC_t;基于原型试验中太阳辐射变化过程对室内模拟试验作合理光照补偿,在确定C_l=19,C_T=1.51条件下,得到试验室修正系数C_α值为0.55,冰厚增长系数α为1.76,时间比尺C_t=137.5;基于模型试验中相同参数,在冰厚生长后期对冰面作光照补偿,对比无光照组冰生消过程,光照补偿可较好模拟野外静冰生消过程,无光照冰厚增长系数α为1.96～1.98,有光照冰厚增长系数α为1.74～1.75,近似于模型比尺后原型α值(1.76);根据原型气温与太阳辐射变化过程,依据相同累积负温原则设计控温曲线,补偿合理光照,获得冰厚增长系数与冰厚生消过程均与原型相近结果。     

RADIATION THERAPY COMMUNICATION: NASAL PASSAGE AND PARANASAL SINUS LYMPHOMA IN A PONY

An aged pony with extensive paranasal sinus and nasal passage B-cell lymphoma was treated with palliative radiation therapy. Sixteen gray were administered in two fractions, 7 days apart. A lateral field was used for the first fraction and a dorsal field for the second. Because of tumor being present in the left frontal sinus, gross tumor was knowingly excluded from the treated volume in the lateral field. The tumor regressed within 2 months and the pony remained free of clinical disease for 2.5 years. Acute, temporary blindness developed shortly after the second radiation fraction, but a direct causal relationship with the radiation therapy was not confirmed. The only radiation side effect was leukotrichia. Palliative treatment was successful in improving and prolonging the quality of life. These results suggest that localized equine B-cell lymphoma is radiosensitive, and that palliative radiation therapy is a reasonable consideration for large tumors, even when tumor volume prevents all gross tumor from being irradiated.