RETROSPECTIVE ASSESSMENT OF COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHIC IMAGING OF FELINE SINONASAL DISEASE IN 62 CATS

Sixty-two cats with sinonasal disease were evaluated with computed tomography. Findings that may lead to a computed tomographic diagnosis of nasal neoplasia versus rhinitis included osteolysis of the paranasal bones, moderate to severe turbinate destruction, lysis of the nasal septum, the presence of a homogenous space occupying mass, and extension of the disease process into the orbit or facial soft tissues. These findings were not pathognomonic for neoplasia and may be associated with severe rhinitis; therefore, nasal biopsy was recommended. When compared with parallel radiographic studies, computed tomography was not more sensitive than radiographs at detecting the presence of nasal cavity abnormalities in cats with referable clinical signs but was more sensitive at localizing these changes and determining the extent of disease.     

Bilateral corneoconjunctival dermoids and nasal choristomas in a calf

A 5-day-old Angus x Hereford calf presented for bilateral haired masses on the eyes and nasolabial planum since birth. The masses were surgically excised from the inferonasal cornea and bulbar conjunctiva of both eyes and the left and right side of the dorsomedial nasolabial planum. Histopathology of the excised tissue confirmed bilateral corneoconjunctival dermoids with ectopic lacrimal glands, and bilateral nasal choristomas and ectopic nasal glandular tissue. Surgery was curative and healing was uneventful. Bilateral ocular dermoids in combination with nasal choristomas and ectopic glandular tissue have not been documented previously in cattle.     

The Elekta Fraxion™ system is not suitable for maxillary fixation in canine conformal radiation therapy techniques

In this prospective, exploratory study, we evaluated the positioning accuracy in a group of 15 dogs undergoing fractionated stereotactic radiotherapy for tumors affecting the head, using a modified human maxillary fixation device (Elekta Fraxion? system). Positioning was assessed using on‐board volumetric imaging, with a six‐degrees‐of‐freedom image registration technique. Prior to treatment delivery, CBCT images were obtained and patient alignment was corrected, in both translational and rotational planes, using a six‐degrees‐of‐freedom robotic patient positioning system (HexaPOD Evo RT System). The maximum angular inter‐fraction motions observed were 6.1° (yaw), 10.9° (pitch), and 4.5° (roll). The mean systematic translational errors were 4.7, 2.6, and 2.3 mm, mean random translational errors were 3.0, 2.2, and 2.5 mm, and mean overall translational errors were 2.4, 0.7, and 2.3 mm in the cranial‐caudal, lateral, and dorsal‐ventral directions, respectively. The mean systematic rotational errors were 1.17°, 0.77°, and 1.43°, the mean rotational random errors were 1.65°, 1.46°, and 1.34° and the mean overall rotational errors were 0.56°, 0.22°, and 0.29° in the yaw, pitch, and roll directions, respectively. The mean error of the three‐dimensional vector was 6.9 mm with a standard deviation of 3.8 mm. Ninety‐five percent of the three‐dimensional vectors were <14.8 mm. This study demonstrates that this maxillary fixation device relies on six‐degrees‐of‐freedom registration and an ability to apply corrections using a six‐degrees‐of‐freedom couch for accurate patient positioning and tumor targeting. Its use in conformal radiation therapy in dogs is not recommended.     

Computer tomographic imaging in 4 dogs with primary nasal canine transmissible venereal tumor and differing cellular phenotype

Primary nasal canine transmissible venereal tumor (CTVT) without genital affection is uncommon. The aim of this report was to describe the primary nasal CTVT findings and CT staging in 4 dogs with different cytological phenotypes. Three male dogs and 1 bitch were evaluated for their chronic histories of sneezing, snoring, mucopurulent nasal discharge and nasal deformation. Cytological examination of nasal secretions suggested CTVT, confirmed by histopathological examination and LINE‐1/c‐myc. Males had the plasmacytoid phenotype of CTVT, and the bitch had the lymphocytoid phenotype. CTVT were staged based on the CT findings using modified Adams staging system. The bitch was classified as stage 1, 2 males were classified as stage 3 and 1 male as stage 4. All dogs had a complete tumoral remission after chemotherapy. Plasmacytoid phenotype was identified in cases with most important damage of the nasal cavity. However, the cytological type did not affect the response to chemotherapy.     

Nasal vascular hamartoma in a Domestic Shorthair cat

A nasal mass in a Domestic Shorthair cat was causing facial deformity, sneezing and intermittent epistaxis. Biopsy samples obtained previously had been non-diagnostic. Computed tomography images revealed an irregular, contrast-enhancing mass occupying a large portion of the righthand side of the nasal cavity. Previously described criteria for malignancy were not present. A ventral surgical approach combined with temporary, ipsilateral, common carotid arterial occlusion provided excellent access for debulking the lesion and collecting samples for histopathology. A nasal vascular hamartoma was diagnosed and clinical signs resolved postoperatively. This is the first documentation of this abnormality in the cat. Hamartomatous abnormalities should be included on the list of differential diagnoses for feline nasal mass lesions. The prognosis for hamartomatous lesions postoperatively is good, in keeping with their limited propensity for growth after maturity.     

PROGNOSTIC SIGNIFICANCE OF TUMOR HISTOLOGY AND COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHIC STAGING FOR RADIATION TREATMENT RESPONSE OF CANINE NASAL TUMORS

Prognostic significance of tumor histology and four computed tomography (CT) staging methods was tested retrospectively in dogs from three treatment centers that underwent intent-to-cure-radiotherapy for intranasal neoplasia. Disease-free and overall survival times were available for 94 dogs. A grouping of anaplastic, squamous cell, and undifferentiated carcinomas had a significantly shorter median disease-free survival (4.4 mo) than a grouping of all sarcomas (10.6 months). Disease-free survivals were not significantly different, when all carcinomas were compared with all sarcomas. The published original and modified WHO staging methods did not significantly relate to either survival endpoint. A modified human maxillary tumor staging system previously applied to canine nasal tumors was prognostically significant for both survival endpoints; a further modified version of that CT-based staging system resulted in improved significance for both survival endpoints. Dogs with unilateral intranasal involvement without bone destruction beyond the turbinates on CT, had longest median survival (23.4 months); CT evidence of cribriform plate involvement was associated with shortest median survival (6.7 months). Combining CT and histology statistically improved prognostic significance for both survival endpoints over the proposed CT staging method alone. Significance was lost when CT stages were collapsed to 相似文献