纳米SiC沉积量对化学复合镀层耐磨性影响

采用单因素试验方法,分别研究了表面活性剂、施镀温度、镀液pH值、转子转速、镀液中纳米粉体浓度5个因素对纳米SiC在Ni-P基化学复合镀层中沉积量的影响规律。结果表明:同时添加阴离子和非离子做表面活性剂,镀液温度达到(90±1)℃,pH值为5±0.5,机械搅拌转子转速为60 r/min,镀液中纳米粉体的浓度为35g/L时,镀层中能够沉积更多纳米粒子;而镀液中纳米粉体浓度为4.5g/L时,复合镀层的相对耐磨性较好。该工艺可用于农业机械关键工作零件表面强化。     

羧甲基纤维素/蜜胺树脂相变纳米储能材料的制备与表征

以羧甲基纤维素(CMC)改性的蜜胺树脂作为壁材,以石蜡为芯材,采用原位聚合法,制备CMC改性的蜜胺树脂相变纳米胶囊。采用FTIR、DSC、SEM及光学显微镜等现代分析仪器对产物的性能进行分析和表征,探讨乳化剂种类和芯材乳液制备转速对胶囊制备过程的影响。结果表明,采用复配乳化剂制备的相变胶囊的性能要优于使用单一乳化剂制备的相变胶囊;当制备芯材乳液的转速为8 000 r/min时,芯材乳液的性能最好;所制得的相变胶囊为球形、平均粒径约为50 nm,且包裹完全、粒径均匀,相变焓为81.87 J/g。     

纳米材料对林木生长发育影响及其在林木生物学上的应用

纳米材料已广泛应用于电子学、化学、医学材料、信息、环境、能源和安全等领域, 但在林业上的应用和研究才刚刚起步。文中主要综述纳米材料对林木生长发育的影响及其在林木生物技术上的应用(主要集中在纳米量子点荧光探针标记以及用纳米材料作为载体介导外源基因进行遗传转化等方面), 以及纳米技术在林木生物制药方面的开发应用, 对其发展前景进行了展望。     

Research Progress on Speciation of Selenium Compounds in Plants

All factors affecting the PCR system in Pinus massoniana Lamb were investigated one by one.The results show that the optimum PCR system of EST-SSR were:2μL 10×Buffer(Mg²⁺ Free), 30 ng template DNA,0.187 5 mmol/L dNTPs, 3.75 mmol/L Mg²⁺,8 pmol primer pair,1.0 U Taq DNA poly-merase in total 20μL reaction system. Finally,a total of 11 isolates of P.massoniana was used for testing the stability of the PCR amplification.The results prove that the optimum PCR system was stable,reliable,highly repetitive.     

富硒施肥对毛竹笋硒含量及品质的影响

采用"丰硒源"富硒肥进行富硒施肥试验,研究不同施肥时间、不同施肥次数、施用不同硒含量富硒肥的施肥效果。结果表明:施肥时间、富硒肥的硒含量对竹笋硒含量的影响显著。施肥时间不仅影响竹笋的含硒量,还对竹笋的单宁含量影响显著。施肥时间对竹笋品质影响不明显;富硒肥中硒含量可显著影响竹笋品质,表现为随富硒肥硒含量的升高,竹笋品质逐步提高。     

土壤硒的特征有效性及其影响因素研究

综述了土壤中Se的形态分布、有效性研究方面的进展,论述了不同形态的Se在土壤中的分布情况,对Se的有效性与土壤pH值、化学及矿物学组成、氧化还原状态等物理化学性质的关系进行了探讨。     

猕猴桃对硒的吸收、分布、积累特性的研究

大田条件下,给中华猕猴桃施以浓度分别为0．15、0．3、0．5mg／培的Na：SeO,溶液,在盛花期每30d测定果实和叶对硒的积累情况;果实成熟期测定猕猴桃各部位含硒量以及鲜重、可溶性糖含量、可溶固形物和Vc含量;结果显示：施硒后,猕猴桃各部分含硒量显著升高,并且硒在猕猴桃中累计顺序为根〉叶〉花〉果实。果实鲜重、可溶性糖含量、可溶固形物和％含量随着硒浓度的增大而升高,然而在高浓度的硒（≥0．5rag／kg）水平下,受到不同程度的抑制。施硒显著提高了猕猴桃对硒的吸收、分布、积累和改善了果实的品质。     

Structure and characterization of Chinese fir (Cunninghamia lanceolata) wood/MMT intercalation nanocomposite (WMNC)

With water-soluble phenol-formaldehyde resin as an intermediate, Chinese fir (Cunninghamia lanceolata) wood/montmorillonite nanocomposite (WMNC) was prepared through vacuum impregnation and characterized with XRD, SEM, FTIR and TG-DTA analyses. The XRD analysis indicated that the wood crystallinity of WMNC decreased, the MMT exfoliated and some nano silicate layers entered into the non-crystallized microfibrillar region of the wood cell wall. Wood structure is anisotropic and its impregnation is anisotropic. Due to the nonuniformity of the MMT organic modification, PF intercalation and wood impregnation, the MMT configuration and distribution in wood were diverse. The SEM graphs of WMNC showed that some silicate grains were blocked in the wood cell lumen, some silicate layers adhered to the inner surface of the wood cell wall, and some exfoliated MMT layers even penetrated the wood cell wall. The obtained hydroxyl of WMNC increased and its ether linking decreased. It was considered that MMT and wood interacted not only with hydroxyl bonds, but also involved some chemical linking. Compared with untreated wood and the PF-impreg, the pyrolysis process of WMNC changed; its starting decomposing temperature decreased and its pyrolysis weight loss at high temperatures greatly decreased. The WMNC indicated certain nanoeffects of the composition of the inorganic MMT nanolamellae. __________ Translated from Journal of Beijing Forestry University, 2007, 29(1): 131–135 [译自: 北京林业大学学报]     

Design of wood/montmorillonite (MMT) intercalation nanocomposite

Studying new wood composites through nano science and technology (NSC) will develop new compounding theory of wood, and accelerate the combination of new technology, wood science, material science and other disciplines. The compounding of wood and inorganic MMT on nanoscale molecular level has high potential to greatly improve the mechanical properties, fire retardance, abrasion resistance, decay resistance, dimensional stability and other properties of wood. Based on the great achievements of polymer/montmorillonite (MMT) nanocomposites, this paper reviewed nano intercalation compounding methods (i.e. in-situ intercalative polymerization and direct polymer intercalation), and discussed the structure, properties and modification of montmorillonite (MMT). According to the main chemical components and particular structure of wood, the authors discussed the liquefaction and plasticization of wood, compared the dissolvability and meltability between wood and polymer, and then systematically put forward the basic idea, technological processes and schematic diagram to prepare wood/MMT nanocomposites (WMNC). The key technology to prepare WMNC is either to introduce delaminated MMT nanolayers into wood with the help of some intermediate polymers, or to obtain liquefied wood or plasticized wood from the complicated natural composite. It is applicable and effective to realize wood/MMT nanoscale compounding with the help of proper intercalation agent and medium polymer through the proposed “one-step” or “two-step” impregnating processes.     

酵母硒和枣粉饲粮对鸡肉宰后氧化及氨基酸的影响研究

为研究酵母硒和枣粉饲粮对白羽肉鸡鸡胸肉成熟过程中蛋白质氧化及氨基酸含量变化的影响,本试验采用不同浓度酵母硒和枣粉饲喂白羽肉鸡42 d,根据酵母硒和枣粉添加量分为6个处理组,分别为CK(基础日粮)、J组(基础日粮+8%枣粉替换8%玉米)、0.3S(基础日粮+0.3 mg·kg^-1酵母硒)、0.6S(基础日粮+0.6 mg·kg^-1酵母硒)、0.3S+J(基础日粮+0.3 mg·kg^-1酵母硒+8%枣粉替换8%玉米)和0.6S+J(基础日粮+0.6 mg·kg^-1酵母硒+8%枣粉替换8%玉米)饲喂组,分析肉鸡宰后不同时间点(0、12、24、48、72 h)鸡胸肉中羰基、巯基、二硫键、二聚酪氨酸、氨基酸含量和表面疏水性等指标的变化规律。结果表明,随着成熟时间的延长,羰基、二硫键、二聚酪氨酸含量和表面疏水性均不同程度增加,巯基和总氨基酸含量逐渐降低。与CK相比,饲粮中添加酵母硒和枣粉均能降低蛋白质氧化程度,且添加酵母硒组能显著增加鸡胸肉中氨基酸总量(P<0.05),0.6S+J饲喂组对抑制蛋白质的氧化和防止氨基酸含量损失的作用最显著(P<0.05),且天冬氨酸、苏氨酸、丝氨酸、谷氨酸、甘氨酸、丙氨酸、胱氨酸、缬氨酸、蛋氨酸、异亮氨酸、酪氨酸、苯丙氨酸、赖氨酸、组氨酸、精氨酸和脯氨酸含量显著高于其他组(P<0.05)。综上,鸡肉成熟过程会加剧蛋白质氧化程度和氨基酸损失,而在饲粮中添加酵母硒和枣粉能起到抑制蛋白质氧化的作用,其中在饲粮中添加酵母硒能显著抑制氨基酸总量的降低,复合添加0.6 mg·kg^-1酵母硒和8%的枣粉组效果最佳。本研究结果为酵母硒和枣粉在饲粮中的应用提供了一定的理论依据和数据支撑。