涉农高校技术转移中心管理模式研究

针对农业技术的特点,农业科技成果转化有其自身的规律和特征,涉农高校技术转移管 理部门要建立推转一体化的管理模式。以安徽农业大学和江南大学的模式,有效的将横向合同 管理,公益推广体系、知识产权建设及平台搭建有机结合起来。     

Chemical changes of kenaf core binderless boards during hot pressing (I): influence of the pressing temperature condition

Self-bonding is the main factor of the performance expression of binderless boards, and therefore its clarification is considered to be an important issue. For this purpose, a series of chemical analyses were conducted on kenaf core binderless boards and their chemical changes during the hot-pressing process are discussed in this article. First of all, binderless boards were prepared from kenaf core powder at different pressing temperatures (without steam-explosion process) and were used for chemical analyses after they were reduced into powders and extracted with methanol. To investigate their chemical changes, lignin, holocellulose, and neutral sugar contents were determined, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra were recorded, and the nitrobenzene oxidation procedure was applied. As a result, it was found that parts of lignin and hemicelullose were decomposed during the hot-pressing process; however, the contribution of the resulting fractions to selfbonding was not observed. In addition, progress of condensation reactions in lignin and the formation of chemical bonds by low molecular weight conjugated carbonyl compounds in methanol extractives were observed. Thermal softening of lignin is also suggested to play an important role in the expression of board performance.     

基于多源遥感数据的高寒草地生物量反演模型精度——以夏河县桑科草原试验区为例

基于MODIS、Landsat-8 OLI和HJ-1A/1B CCD卫星遥感资料,结合2013-2014年甘南州夏河县桑科草原试验区野外实测数据,建立了高寒草地地上生物量遥感反演模型,筛选出基于不同遥感资料植被指数的生物量最优反演模型,比较分析了生物量最优模型的空间效应。同时,分析了2000-2013年基于MODIS植被指数估算的试验区产草量的年际变化特征。结果表明,草地生物量最优反演模型为基于Landsat-8 OLI NDVI数据的对数模型(y=727.54lnx1+495.23,R2=0.772,RMSE=31.333 kg DM·hm-2);在30和250 m空间分辨率下,基于MODIS NDVI及EVI、Landsat-8 OLI NDVI和HJ-1A/1B CCD NDVI最优模型估算的生物量均高于实测生物量,其中Landsat-8 OLI NDVI数据估算的草地生物量与实测生物量值最接近;2000-2013年试验区草地总生物量整体上具有显著增加的趋势(R2=0.590 7,P0.001),平均增加速率达50.57 kg DM·hm-2·a-1。     

An investigation of the effects of intratesticular alfaxalone and lidocaine during castration in piglets

Objective

To determine whether intratesticular injection of an alfaxalone–lidocaine combination can induce anesthesia and provide a rapid recovery in piglets undergoing surgical castration.

氧化乐果对雄性小鼠睾丸琥珀酸脱氢酶和精液质量的影响

试验旨在研究有机磷农药氧化乐果对雄性小鼠睾丸琥珀酸脱氢酶(SDH)和精液质量的影响作用。将40只健康昆明雄性小鼠随机分为4组,即低、中、高3个染毒组和对照组,其中染毒组分别灌胃1.0、2.0、4.0 mg/kg氧化乐果,对照组灌胃生理盐水,采用等容量灌胃法(0.2 mL/10 g体重),连续灌胃14 d。随着氧化乐果染毒剂量的逐渐增加,小鼠睾丸琥珀酸脱氢酶(SDH)活力、精子密度、存活率均明显降低,与对照组相比差异显著(P＜0.05);小鼠体重、睾丸重、附睾及其脏器系数与对照组相比差异均不显著(P＞0.05)。氧化乐果对小鼠精子密度和精子存活率有一定的损伤作用,对睾丸琥珀酸脱氢酶有明显的抑制作用。     

河南省农用地集约利用与农民收入增长关系动态计量经济分析

农用地集约利用水平关系到区域粮食安全,与促进经济发展方式转变息息相关,对农用地集约利用水平进行测度并对农用地集约利用与农民收入水平进行动态研究,可以为区域土地可持续发展提供重要参考。本研究利用河南省1978—2012年的相关数据,通过构建适合河南省农用地集约利用评价的指标体系,借助BP神经网络对河南省农用地集约利用水平进行综合测度,并在此基础上采用计量经济分析考察农用地集约利用与农民收入之间的动态联系。研究表明:1978—2012年间,河南省农用地集约利用水平整体呈现上升趋势。农民收入水平与农用地集约利用指数互为Granger因果关系,农用地集约利用指数每提高1个单位,会引起农民收入提高0.628 7个单位。脉冲响应函数和方差分解结果显示,农用地集约利用水平的提高将促进农民收入的增长,且对农民收入变化的解释能力随着时间推移逐渐增强。     

黑河莺落峡年径流量时序变化的趋势特性及丰枯演化规律研究

黑河是我国一条重要的内陆河,对黑河流域年径流量的变化特征进行深入研究,具有重要的现实意义。文中应用Kendal趋势检验法、R/S分析法、条件概率分析法和M arkov过程基本的理论,对黑河上游莺落峡水文站1945~2000年实测年径流量时序变化的趋势特性及丰枯演化规律进行了研究。结果表明:莺落峡年径流量变化具有如下主要规律:呈增加趋势,但是并不显著;变化存在正的持续性,预计进入21世纪后将继续呈微弱增加趋势;无论何种长度的连续年数,都是连枯的概率最大、连平的概率次之,连丰的概率最小;径流枯水状态的自保守性最强,平水状态的自保守性次之,丰水状态的自保守性最弱;无论处于何种初始状态,径流向枯水状态转移的概率最大,向平水状态转移的概率次之,向丰水状态转移的概率最小。在径流的长期演化过程中,枯水状态的出现机会占有优势,平水状态和枯水状态的出现机会相同。     

Including an additional systematic environmental effect within a generation in an evaluation model improves accuracy of prediction of breeding values in a closed herd of pigs

The present study evaluated the advantage of mixed‐model techniques over a selection index under different magnitudes of an additional systematic environmental effect (ASEE) in terms of accuracy of prediction and expected genetic gain. The data attempted to simulate a closed herd in a pig breeding program. The base population (G₀) consisted of 10 males and 50 females. Six generations (G₀ to G₅) were selected by using a selection index of three traits without overlapping. Additional systematic environmental constants with four levels in a generation were assigned from a uniform distribution at different ranges. Breeding values of animals in the last generation (G₅) were estimated on the basis of an index of individual phenotype (SI‐U), SI‐U adjusted for ASEE using a least‐squares mean (SI‐A), best linear unbiased prediction using an animal model excluding ASEE (AM‐E), and an animal model including ASEE (AM‐I). Accuracy of prediction and expected genetic gain were larger by the animal model than by the selection index, even if heritability of the traits selected was high and ASEE was set to zero. When ASEE was zero, the accuracy of prediction and expected genetic gain given by SI‐U and AM‐I were similar to those given by SI‐A and AM‐E, respectively. However, the differences in accuracy and expected gain between SI‐U and AI‐A and between AM‐I and AM‐E increased as the range of ASEE increased. It was concluded that selection based on an animal model was more effective than index selection, even if the herd environment was uniform and traits with high heritability were selected, and that it should be always included in an evaluation model, however slight any systematic environmental effect may be in a closed herd.     

不同土地利用方式对风沙土酶活性的影响

以辽宁省彰武县柳河流域忙海林子村为例,研究了不同土地利用方式对该区域风沙土6种酶活性的影响。结果表明:裸地由于几乎无植被覆盖,各类生物少,酶活性普遍处于最低水平,应采取措施改良;河滩地由于其特殊的地理位置,土壤易被河水冲刷,酶活性普遍处于较低水平,且由于耕种会影响泄洪,因此,河滩地不适合开垦为耕地;非河滩耕地酶活性基本处于中等水平,说明由于耕作、收割等,加剧了水土流失过程,降低了酶活性,可适度休耕;天然草地酶活性基本处于较高水平,说明天然草地可在一定程度上改善风沙土酶活性;林地酶活性普遍处于最高水平,说明种植杨树对改善风沙土酶活性效果最为明显。     

湟中马血清酯酶多态性的研究

采用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳法对青海省湟中县９１匹马血清酯酶的多态性进行了研究。结果发现：①湟中马的血清酯酶受ＥＳ＾Ｆ，ＥＳ＾Ｉ，ＥＳ＾Ｓ和ＥＳ＾Ｏ４个等位基因的控制，其基因频率分别为０．４４５０，０．５３３０，０．０１１０和０．０１１０；②在被检湟中马的ＥＳ位点上共发现ＥＳ Ｆ，ＥＳ ＦＩ，ＥＳ Ｉ，ＥＳ ＩＳ和ＥＳ Ｏ五种表型，以ＥＳ ＦＩ为优势表型（４７．２５％）；③ＥＳ等位基因频率无性别差异；④