市场白条猪肉检疫程序新探讨

现行市场白条猪肉的检疫程序不够合理，难以适应市场经济的需要。通过实践提出的包括猪胴体感官检查，肌肉生化指标快速检测及综合卫生评定的白条猪肉检疫程序，能满足市场白条猪肉检疫的要求。     

四种不同类型鸡肉组织学特性的研究

本文研究了AA鸡、京白鸡、新浦东鸡和土杂鸡四种类型鸡的鸡肉 12个组织学性状 ,结果表明 :鸡肉组织学性状因品种 (类型 )、性别、部位的不同而有不同程度的差异 ,特别是品种 (类型 )间的差异比较明显 ;根据组织学性状运用综合指数法评定鸡肉品质 ,其优劣的排列顺序为 ;新浦东鸡、AA鸡、土杂鸡和京白鸡。     

The effect of different levels of selenium in mineral mixtures and salt licks on selenium status in sheep

This paper describes 3 experiments comparing the effect of 10, 25 and 40 mg Se/kg, as sodium selenite, in mineral mixtures and salt licks fed to sheep. The supplement was given during the indoor season from October to May to 7 different flocks, each consisting of 50 to 100 sheep, in areas with selenium deficiency problems. The average selenium level in the basic diets did not exceed 0.05 mg/kg. Selenium status was monitored in the blood of ewes and lambs, and in milk. Blood selenium in lambs correlated well with blood selenium in their dams (r = 0.85). Selenium levels in milk on day 1 (colostrum) correlated well with selenium levels in dams (r = 0.92) and in offspring (r = 0.87). Statistically significant differences were found between the different flocks. In areas with extreme selenium deficiency, 10 mg Se/kg in mineral mixtures and salt licks proved insufficient. A content of 25 mg Se/kg, providing a daily intake of about 0.4 mg selenium, resulted in selenium levels in ewes’ blood, ewes’ milk and in the offspring that should prevent selenium deficiency disease without causing any toxic effects.     

A controlled trial on the effect of feeding dietary chestnut extract and glycerol monolaurate on liver function in newborn calves

Beginning in the fall of 2010, an increasing and alarming number of cases of calves suffering from liver dystrophy were reported in the south of Germany. An epidemiological investigation was carried out by the authors between November 2010 and July 2011, leading to the implication of a commercial dietary supplement as the potential cause for this outbreak. The components of this product were first tested in a cell culture model and two of them (dietary chestnut extract and glycerol monolaurate) showed a cytotoxic effect. The objective of this study was therefore to evaluate the effect of supplemental feeding of both components alone or in combination on liver function in newborn calves on a commercial dairy farm. Ten calves were enrolled in each of the three treatment groups and the control group (group O) following a blocked design. Treatment consisted of supplementation with chestnut extract at 0.02% of birth body mass (BM) (group C), supplementation with glycerol monolaurate at 0.006% of BM (group G) or a combined treatment (group CG) for five consecutive days. The effect of treatments on liver function was evaluated clinically and by measurement of glutamate dehydrogenase (GLDH) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) activities as well as the determination of the concentrations of glucose, L‐lactate and total bilirubin in serum. There was a significant increase in GLDH and AST activities and a significant decrease in glucose concentration in treatment groups C and CG compared with the control group (p ≤ 0.035), whereas no difference was shown for group G. Survival was significantly decreased in groups C (p = 0.029) and CG (p = 0.001) compared with both group G and the control group. These results suggest that dietary chestnut extract in an amount of 0.02% of BM alone or in combination has a toxic effect on liver function in newborn calves.     

推拿联合局部注射糖皮质激素治疗小儿先天性斜颈的效果及对彩超结果的影响

目的 探讨推拿联合局部注射糖皮质激素治疗小儿先天性斜颈的效果及对彩超结果的影响。方法 以2015年5月至2017年4月进入本院门诊的150例于先天性斜颈患儿作为研究对象,按电脑数字表法随机分作3组,各50例,A组施予推拿治疗,B组施予局部注射糖皮质激素治疗,C组施予推拿联合局部注射糖皮质激素治疗,回顾性分析3组疗效及其彩超结果。结果 治疗后C组优良率高于A组和B组,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）;治疗开始后第2、4、6、8、10、12月时随访发现,3组肿块厚度及其胸锁乳突肌的挛缩长度与治疗前比较差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）;且组内在各随访时间点与之前各时间点比较,差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）;此外,在各随访时间点,A、B两组比较差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）,但C组与A、B两组比较差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论 推拿联合局部注射糖皮质激素治疗小儿先天性斜颈可提升疗效,有助于缩短肿块厚度及其胸锁乳突肌的挛缩长度,值得临床推广。     

我国6个肉牛品种肌肉纤维特征研究

研究比较我国不同品种牛肌肉纤维特征,为高档牛肉生产和品种培育提供技术参数。运用肌肉组织冰冻切片、琥珀酸脱氢酶染色法(SDH)研究6个品种肉牛(利木赞牛、皮埃蒙特牛、中国西门塔尔牛、鲁西牛、秦川牛和晋南牛)的背最长肌、腰大肌、股二头肌的肌纤维类型、肌纤维直径和肌纤维密度等特征。结果表明:1)鲁西牛和利木赞牛背最长肌的红肌纤维(R型)比例分别为32.7%和29.5%,显著高于其他4个品种(P<0.05);晋南牛腰大肌和鲁西牛股二头肌的R型纤维比例最高为42.7%和48.7%;2)秦川牛背最长肌中的3种类型肌纤维直径值分别为60.009、61.109和67.800μm均显著大于另外5个品种(P<0.05),秦川牛和晋南牛的腰大肌和股二头肌的红肌纤维(R型)和中间型纤维(I型)的肌纤维直径显著大于其他4个品种(P<0.05);3)皮埃蒙特牛和利木赞牛腰大肌的红肌纤维(R型)密度分别为216.667和189.583根/mm2,白肌纤维(W型)密度分别为200.926和261.11根/mm2显著大于其他品种(P<0.05);鲁西牛的背最长肌和股二头肌的R型肌纤维密度大于其他品种;4)每一品种牛不同部位肌肉组织中不同肌纤维...     

镜鲤肌肉品质性状的微卫星标记分析

利用233个微卫星标记检测镜鲤（Cyprinus carpio L.）一个家系的107尾个体的基因型,采用GLM方法对肌肉脂肪含量和蛋白质含量4种经济性状进行单标记回归分析。 Permutation检验结果显示：有17个标记分别与肌肉脂肪和蛋白质含量具有显著相关性（P〈0.05）,其中,有4个标记（HLJ030、HLJ2560、HLJ3633,和HLJ3554）与肌肉蛋白质含量呈极显著相关（P〈0.01）,表明这些标记与性状间可能存在连锁关系。对同一标记不同基因型之间进行了多重比较,找到了与这两种性状相关的优势基因型,为鲤的肌肉品质性状选育提供了有效的依据。     

Assessment and comparison of proximate,fatty acid and mineral composition of six edible portions of South African cultured yellowtail (Seriola lalandi)

A whole fillet (A) and five distinct anatomical portions within a fillet (B–F) of South African farmed yellowtail were assessed for proximate, fatty acid and mineral composition. Within the whole fillet, moisture, protein, fat and ash accounted for 71%, 21%, 5% and 1% of the proximate composition respectively. Considerable inter‐muscular variation in nutritional composition was observed, however, the dorsal section (portions B and D) was most representative of the proximate, fatty acid and mineral composition of the whole yellowtail fillet and may be used in future studies. High variability in mineral and essential fatty acid content was observed and no one portion could be considered to contain a superior nutrient complex. South African farmed yellowtail can be considered a semi‐oily fish (5.3% fat) with relatively high levels of PUFA detected (PUFA > SFA > MUFA) primarily located in the dorsal and caudal sections. This study provided important information regarding the nutritional composition of South African reared yellowtail as well as recommendations regarding the sub‐sampling of specific portions for future nutrient composition studies.     

黄颡鱼饲料脂肪的最适含量

以鱼油/豆油(1∶1,W/W)为脂肪源,配制脂肪含量为5.21%、7.23%、9.27%、11.31%、13.33%、15.37%的半纯化饲料,投喂体重约8g的黄颡鱼40d,用于探讨饲料脂肪水平对黄颡鱼生长及饲料利用率的影响。试验结果表明当脂肪含量<11.31%时,鱼体的相对增重率、饲料转化率、蛋白质效率与脂肪含量呈正相关,当脂肪含量>11.31%时,鱼体的相对增重率、饲料转化率、蛋白质效率与脂肪含量呈负相关。肝体比和肌肉渗出损失随着脂肪添加量的增加而持续上升。脂肪水平对以上各项指标有显著性影响(P<0.05)。综合各项指标,可以确定黄颡鱼饲料脂肪的最适含量为11.31%。     

The 3/4- and 3/6-Subfamily Variants of α-Conotoxins GI and MI Exhibit Potent Inhibitory Activity against Muscular Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors

α-Conotoxins GI and MI belong to the 3/5 subfamily of α-conotoxins and potently inhibit muscular nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs). To date, no 3/4- or 3/6-subfamily α-conotoxins have been reported to inhibit muscular nAChRs. In the present study, a series of new 3/4-, 3/6-, and 3/7-subfamily GI and MI variants were synthesized and functionally characterized by modifications of loop2. The results show that the 3/4-subfamily GI variant GI[∆8G]-II and the 3/6-subfamily variants GI[+13A], GI[+13R], and GI[+13K] displayed potent inhibition of muscular nAChRs expressed in Xenopus oocytes, with an IC₅₀ of 45.4–73.4 nM, similar to or slightly lower than that of wild-type GI (42.0 nM). The toxicity of these GI variants in mice appeared to be about a half to a quarter of that of wild-type GI. At the same time, the 3/7-subfamily GI variants showed significantly lower in vitro potency and toxicity. On the other hand, similar to the 3/6-subfamily GI variants, the 3/6-subfamily MI variants MI[+14R] and MI[+14K] were also active after the addition of a basic amino acid, Arg or Lys, in loop2, but the activity was not maintained for the 3/4-subfamily MI variant MI[∆9G]. Interestingly, the disulfide bond connectivity “C1–C4, C2–C3” in the 3/4-subfamily variant GI[∆8G]-II was significantly more potent than the “C1–C3, C2–C4” connectivity found in wild-type GI and MI, suggesting that disulfide bond connectivity is easily affected in the rigid 3/4-subfamily α-conotoxins and that the disulfide bonds significantly impact the variants’ function. This work is the first to demonstrate that 3/4- and 3/6-subfamily α-conotoxins potently inhibit muscular nAChRs, expanding our knowledge of α-conotoxins and providing new motifs for their further modifications.