盐地碱蓬甜菜红素对骨骼肌疲劳的影响

试验旨在探讨盐地碱蓬甜菜红素改善疲劳状态下肌力减退的作用。采用脉冲式电流直接刺激腓肠肌作为疲劳模型,对比盐地碱蓬甜菜红素和任氏液分别对蟾蜍腓肠肌疲劳的影响。结果表明,盐地碱蓬甜菜红素在浓度为0.005、0.01、0.02 mg/mL时,离体腓肠肌达到最大收缩幅度90%、50%和10%的时间显著长于在任氏液作用下的离体腓肠肌(P<0.05);0.02 mg/mL的盐地碱蓬甜菜红素也极显著的延长了在体腓肠肌达到最大收缩幅度90%、50%和10%的时间(P<0.01)。因此,盐地碱蓬甜菜红素具有延缓肌肉疲劳的作用。     

大西洋鲑杀鲑气单胞菌的分离鉴定

从皮肤溃烂的大西洋鲑(Salmon salar)肌肉、肝、肾分离到一致病性的菌株(AB080226),经人工感染实验证实其为该病的病原菌,研究了该菌的形态、生理生化特征并对其16SrDNA序列进行了在线Classifer和Blast分析。结果显示:该菌为革兰氏阴性杆菌,葡萄糖氧化发酵阳性,氧化酶检测阳性,0%NaCl生长;能利用甘露醇,不具运动性,能发酵麦芽糖,葡萄糖产酸阳性,精氨酸双水解酶阳性,苯丙氨酸脱氨酶阴性;该菌属于气单胞菌属的细菌,在系统发育树上与杀鲑气单胞菌形成一个簇群,同源性高达99.9%以上。综合形态学、生理生化特征及16SrDNA序列鉴定其为杀鲑气单胞菌(Aeromonas salmonicida)。     

A controlled trial on the effect of feeding dietary chestnut extract and glycerol monolaurate on liver function in newborn calves

Beginning in the fall of 2010, an increasing and alarming number of cases of calves suffering from liver dystrophy were reported in the south of Germany. An epidemiological investigation was carried out by the authors between November 2010 and July 2011, leading to the implication of a commercial dietary supplement as the potential cause for this outbreak. The components of this product were first tested in a cell culture model and two of them (dietary chestnut extract and glycerol monolaurate) showed a cytotoxic effect. The objective of this study was therefore to evaluate the effect of supplemental feeding of both components alone or in combination on liver function in newborn calves on a commercial dairy farm. Ten calves were enrolled in each of the three treatment groups and the control group (group O) following a blocked design. Treatment consisted of supplementation with chestnut extract at 0.02% of birth body mass (BM) (group C), supplementation with glycerol monolaurate at 0.006% of BM (group G) or a combined treatment (group CG) for five consecutive days. The effect of treatments on liver function was evaluated clinically and by measurement of glutamate dehydrogenase (GLDH) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) activities as well as the determination of the concentrations of glucose, L‐lactate and total bilirubin in serum. There was a significant increase in GLDH and AST activities and a significant decrease in glucose concentration in treatment groups C and CG compared with the control group (p ≤ 0.035), whereas no difference was shown for group G. Survival was significantly decreased in groups C (p = 0.029) and CG (p = 0.001) compared with both group G and the control group. These results suggest that dietary chestnut extract in an amount of 0.02% of BM alone or in combination has a toxic effect on liver function in newborn calves.     

锦江河大眼鳜和斑鳜肌肉营养成分及氨基酸组成分析

对锦江河特有鱼类国家级水产种质资源保护区大眼鳜(Siniperca kneri)和斑鳜(S.scherzeri)肌肉的营养成分进行了分析,比较了2种鱼的营养价值.结果表明,斑鳜肌肉鲜样的水分、粗蛋白、粗脂肪含量分别为78.12％、18.54％、1.70％;大眼鳜肌肉鲜样分别为78.66％、17.77％、1.71％.在两种鳜肌肉中,含量最高的5种氨基酸依次为Glu、Asp、Lys、Leu、Ala,占总氨基酸含量的50％以上,其中大眼鳜占51.63％、斑鳜占51.47％;含量最低的5种氨基酸依次为Tau、His、Met、Pro、Tyr,不足总氨基酸含量的15％,其中大眼鳜为14.62％、斑鳜为14.67％;两种鳜的第一限制性氨基酸均为蛋氨酸和半胱氨酸,第二限制性氨基酸均为缬氨酸.每克大眼鳜肌肉和斑鳜肌肉干样的氨基酸总量分别为827.57 mg和844.20 mg,必需氨基酸总量为337.53 mg和344.08 mg,4种呈味氨基酸总量为308.87 mg和315.14 mg.     

鲌鲂F1、F2及其亲本肌肉营养成分的比较分析

本研究对翘嘴鲌(Culter alburnus)、团头鲂(Megalobrama amblycephala)及其杂交子一代鲌鲂F₁(C.alburnus♀×M.amblycephala♂)、子二代鲌鲂F₂(self-crossing of C. alburnus♀×M. amblycephala♂)背部肌肉的营养成分进行了比较分析,并对其营养品质进行了评价与对比。结果显示:鲌鲂F₁和F₂肌肉的水分含量均显著低于父本团头鲂(P<0.05),粗蛋白含量则显著高于团头鲂(P<0.05),鲌鲂F₁的粗脂肪含量显著高于鲌鲂F₂和团头鲂(P<0.05)。4种鱼均检测出18种氨基酸,其中,鲌鲂F₂的氨基酸总量(TAA)、必需氨基酸(EAA)、呈味氨基酸(DAA)、∑_EAA/∑_TAA、∑_EAA/∑_NEAA、氨基酸评分(AAS)、化学评分(CS)及必需氨基酸指数(EAAI)等均不同程度高于亲本及鲌鲂F₁。4种鱼均检测出20种以上的脂肪酸,其中,鲌鲂F₁的∑_PUFA和∑_EPA+DHA含量高于双亲,并显著高于鲌鲂F₂(P<0.05),∑_SFA:∑_MUFA:∑_PUFA比值为1:1.88:1.02,较双亲及鲌鲂F₂更接近人体合理膳食的理想模式。综合分析,相较于双亲,鲌鲂F₁具有高脂、高蛋白、高EPA+DHA和均衡的脂肪酸组成等营养价值特点,鲌鲂F₂则具有低脂、高蛋白、均衡的氨基酸组成以及最优的食用品质。因此,鲌鲂F₁和F₂具有不同的营养品质特点,可满足消费者的不同需求,均具有良好开发利用前景。     

推拿联合局部注射糖皮质激素治疗小儿先天性斜颈的效果及对彩超结果的影响

目的 探讨推拿联合局部注射糖皮质激素治疗小儿先天性斜颈的效果及对彩超结果的影响。方法 以2015年5月至2017年4月进入本院门诊的150例于先天性斜颈患儿作为研究对象,按电脑数字表法随机分作3组,各50例,A组施予推拿治疗,B组施予局部注射糖皮质激素治疗,C组施予推拿联合局部注射糖皮质激素治疗,回顾性分析3组疗效及其彩超结果。结果 治疗后C组优良率高于A组和B组,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）;治疗开始后第2、4、6、8、10、12月时随访发现,3组肿块厚度及其胸锁乳突肌的挛缩长度与治疗前比较差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）;且组内在各随访时间点与之前各时间点比较,差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）;此外,在各随访时间点,A、B两组比较差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）,但C组与A、B两组比较差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论 推拿联合局部注射糖皮质激素治疗小儿先天性斜颈可提升疗效,有助于缩短肿块厚度及其胸锁乳突肌的挛缩长度,值得临床推广。     

Prevalence of antibodies to equine viruses in the Netherlands

Summary

The prevalence of antibodies to various viruses was investigated in a series of serum samples collected from horses in the Netherlands between 1963 and 1966 and from 1972 onwards. Neutralizing antibodies to equine rhinopneumonitis virus, equine arteritis virus and to equine rhinovirus types 1 and 2 were detected in respectively 76%, 14%, 66% and 59% of the equine serum samples tested.

The observed incidence of serum samples positive to equine adenovirus in the complement fixation test was 39%. Precipitating antibodies to equine infectious anaemia virus were detected only in serum samples from two horses imported from abroad. Haemagglutination inhibiting antibodies to Myxovirus influenzae A / equi‐1, M. Influenzae A / equi‐2, and Reovirus types 1, 2, and 3 were present in respectively 82%, 50%, 10%, 33% and 3.6% of the serum samples tested.

The most frequently observed incidence of antibodies to the various equine respiratory viruses occurred in the groups of horses having repeatedly contact with other horses.     

短期暂养对鲫鱼肉品质影响的研究

为探讨短期禁食提升池塘养殖鱼类食用品质的技术可行性,以3个邻近池塘养殖的商品草鱼为对象,分别转移至另一个池塘的3个网箱中,进行21 d短期禁食。每间隔7 d采集3个池塘来源的草鱼,并将鱼体分割为A、B、C、D共4个身段,采集其肌肉样品,对肌肉水分、粗蛋白质、粗脂肪和糖原含量进行定量分析。结果显示,禁食7 d时,不同身段肌肉营养物质含量即发生改变,14 d时粗蛋白含量和粗脂肪含量变化较大,其中尾部 (C、D段)的粗蛋白含量有显著增加的趋势;而10号池塘来源的草鱼A段粗脂肪含量在14和21 d分别比0 d减少了22.60%和17.07%,B、D段分别在7、14和21 d比0 d减少了7.50%、19.41%、12.61%和28.83%、36.68%、13.49%,17号池塘来源的的草鱼A、C和D段在7 d后显著增加,B段在7、14和21 d比0 d分别减少了26.76%、58.41%和62.90%,D段在7和14 d比0 d分别减少了1.52%和22.58%。3个池塘来源的草鱼肌糖原含量 (C、D段)有显著增加的趋势。采集草鱼身体B段背部肌肉样品,测定其肌肉系水力、肌肉质构特性和组织切片,发现10号池塘来源的草鱼在14 d时,背肌的滴水损失率无显著差异,17号池塘来源的草鱼背肌的滴水损失率在14 d时显著高于0 d,18号池塘来源的草鱼背肌的滴水损失率在14 d均有下降趋势。3个池塘来源的草鱼B段肌肉随禁食时间的延长,硬度下降,肌肉弹性增加,咀嚼性在14 d前呈逐渐增加趋势,内聚性则逐渐增加。禁食过程中背部肌纤维 (肌细胞)密度增加、肌纤维之间的间隙减小,肌肉硬度随禁食时间的延长逐渐下降,而弹性、咀嚼性表现为逐渐增加的趋势。研究表明,短期禁食可以改变草鱼肌肉的食用品质,综合实验结果以禁食14 d的时长为最佳。本研究结果为改善池塘养殖鱼类食用品质提供了科学依据。

     

Physical therapy assessment tools to evaluate disease progression and phenotype variability in Golden Retriever muscular dystrophy

Dogs suffering from Golden Retriever muscular dystrophy (GRMD) present symptoms that are similar to human patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD). Phenotypic variability is common in both cases and correlates with disease progression and response to therapy. Physical therapy assessment tools were used to study disease progression and assess phenotypic variability in dogs with GRMD. At 5 (T0), 9 (T1), 13 (T2) and 17 (T3) months of age, the physical features, joint ranges of motion (ROM), limb and thorax circumferences, weight and creatine kinase (CK) levels were assessed in 11 dogs with GRMD. Alterations of physical features were higher at 13 months, and different disease progression rates were observed. Passive ROM decreased until 1 year old, which was followed by a decline of elbow and tarsal ROM. Limb and thorax circumferences, which were corrected for body weight, decreased significantly between T0 and T3. These measurements can be used to evaluate disease progression in dogs with GRMD and to help discover new therapies for DMD patients.