熟肉真空冷却过程的水分迁移对其肌肉组织的影响

该文以熟肉为试验材料，对真空冷却过程中熟肉内部温度场、水分蒸发速率以及含水率变化进行了试验研究。同时通过透射电子显微镜研究水分迁移对熟肉组织内部结构的影响。结果发现：熟肉的表面温度在4～5 min内从63℃降低到10℃，熟肉的平均含水率从71％降低到60.69％。真空冷却过程中水分的蒸发速率分为两个阶段：蒸发速率加速阶段和蒸发速率减速阶段。试验结果和理论分析显示，真空冷却过程中的水分迁移由两部分组成，一部分为由于产品内部温度不同造成不同的化学势引起食品内部的水分转移；另一部分为由于压力降低引起的水分蒸发或者沸腾后所产生的水蒸气的迁移。透射电子显微镜成像结果显示了经过真空冷却处理的熟肉中心和表面的肌肉组织形态没有发生大的变化。与真空冷却前相比，不管在熟肉中心还是表面，只是真空冷却后的肌肉纤维之间形成了更大的孔隙。     

Transplantation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells improves motor function in a DMD mouse model

AIM: To observe amelioration of motor function in a Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) mouse model (dko mice) after transplantation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). METHODS: Passage fifth MSCs cultured in vitro were transplanted into dko mice by tail vein, motor functions of experimental mice and matched control mice, including traction, rotating rods, rotated wheel, upside down, turning over and walking (all were recorded by Sony digital camera) were tested 15 weeks after transplantation. The fluorescent expression of dystrophin and utrophin in gastrocnemius muscle tissue of dko mice was detected by SABC-Cy3, and average optical density of positive fibers was calculated. RESULTS: MSCs grew in colony over passage third, and there was low immunologic reaction by vein transplantation. There was dystrophin and utrophin fluorescent expression in sarcolemma of dko mice 15 weeks after transplantation, but no any fluorescent expression in controls. There was significant difference in fluorescent average optical density of positive fibers between two groups (P＜0.05). Amelioration of motor functions in dko mice was found 15 weeks after MSCs transplantation compared with the control mice (P＜0.05). CONCLUSION: Transplantation of MSCs ameliorates the positive and passive motor functions of dko mice.     

兔、猫和人的腓肠肌外侧头肌亚体与肌纤维型比较研究

目的是探讨兔、猫与人的腓肠肌外侧头肌亚体与肌纤维型的分布。采用人体解剖结合组织化学方法确定其肌亚体，并作肌动球朊ATP酶酸碱法染色，毛细血管数量统计及其三型肌纤维的直径与面积的图象分析。结果表明，兔、猫与人各肌亚体FG型纤维数比例为最高，FOG型纤维居中，SO型肌纤维最少。各肌亚体SO型纤维毛细血管数目最多，家兔、猫与人均为为内侧亚体的毛细血管／mm^2数目为最多。各肌亚体SO型纤维直径与面积为最小。说明人与哺乳动物各肌亚体均见有包裹纤维和快缩纤维的同型聚集。     

Characterization of feline hereditary retinal dystrophies using clinical, functional, structural and molecular genetic studies

Only in recent years have specific mutations been elucidated for feline hereditary retinal dystrophies. Molecular genetic characterization of feline diseases has so far been a slow process but with a full genome sequence for the cat recently completed and the development of a feline single nucleotide polymorphism chip, the characterization of feline monogenic disorders will be significantly simplified. This review summarizes current knowledge with regard to specific hereditary retinal dystrophies in cats and gives an overview of how cats can be used as models in translational research.     

应用PCR技术从牛肌肉组织中进行性别鉴定

应用牛肌肉组织X和Y染色体上的成釉蛋白基因第五内含因子的DNA序列，设计了一对特异性PCR引物，通过PCR扩增，分别从雌性和雄性牛肌肉组织中扩增出不同的条带，从而达到性别鉴定的目的。具有较高的应用价值。