患肌肉溃烂病中华倒刺鲃血细胞数量及形态变化

采集嘉陵江中网箱养殖的中华倒刺鲃(Spinibarbus sinensis Bleeker)患肌肉溃烂病病鱼和健康鱼,对比测定二者红细胞数量、白细胞数量、血红蛋白含量、红细胞大小等指标,以研究病鱼血细胞的形态和数量变化。结果表明病鱼和健康鱼鱼体的多项指标存在显著差异。相对于健康鱼,病鱼外周血中红细胞数目显著减少,白细胞数目极显著增加,红细胞有变小趋势,表明肌肉溃烂对中华倒刺鲃红细胞有一定破坏作用;相对于健康鱼,病鱼淋巴细胞比例下降,单核细胞比例升高,表明在病理情况下,鱼体的特异性免疫功能降低,吞噬功能和非特异性免疫功能有所增强。     

脂肪细胞膜抗血清对猪胴体品质和肉品质的影响

将36头5周龄的断奶上海大白猪随机分成6组.对照组C1和C2、皮下免疫试验组S1和S2、腹腔免疫试验组A1和A2,每组6头猪.试验周期为11周和17周.试验组A1和A2腹腔注射5.0 ml/kg BW山羊抗猪脂肪细胞膜抗血清,试验组S1和S2皮下注射5.0 ml/kg BW山羊抗猪脂肪细胞膜抗血清,对照组C1和C2以相同剂量注射正常山羊血清.11周末和17周末屠宰结果显示:①各试验组猪板油重和背膘厚都显著低于对照组(P＜0.05);11周末,与对照组相比,试验组S1和A1中猪眼肌面积均显著升高;17周末,腹腔免疫组猪眼肌面积显著高于对照组(P＜0.05).②11周末,腹腔免疫组猪半腱肌和里脊、皮下免疫组猪背最长肌和里脊中脂肪含量均明显低于对照组(P＜0.05);17周末,与对照组相比,腹腔免疫组猪半腱肌中脂肪含量显著下降(P＜0.05).③11周末,腹腔免疫组猪背最长肌和里脊中蛋白质含量显著高于对照组(P＜0.05);17周末,各试验组背最长肌和里脊中蛋白质含量与腹腔免疫组半腱肌中蛋白质含量均显著高于对照组(P＜0.05).表明,山羊抗猪脂肪细胞膜被动免疫具有较好改善猪胴体品质和肉品质的作用.     

不同净能水平日粮对育肥猪生长性能、背膘厚度及眼肌面积的影响

试验研究不同净能水平日粮对育肥猪生长、背膘及眼肌面积的影响.选择420头(38.5±0.5) kg丹系三元育肥猪,随机分为5组,每组6个重复,每个重复14头猪,公、母各半.试验A、B、C、D、E组饲粮净能水平分别为9.84、10.05、10.26、10.46和10.67MJ/kg,预试期7d,正式试验期97 d.结果 ...     

生物絮团对罗氏沼虾体组成和消化酶活性的影响

通过向养殖水体中泼洒糖蜜构建生物絮团养殖模式,分析生物絮团营养组成,并探讨生物絮团对罗氏沼虾体组成和消化酶活性的影响。试验分对照组和试验组(生物絮团组),其中试验组在养殖过程中泼洒糖蜜。试验在室内水泥池内(2 m×2 m×0.6 m)进行,每个处理有3个重复,每个重复225尾虾(0.26 g±0.02 g),试验周期为90 d。养殖过程中不换水,糖蜜的泼洒量根据饲料投喂量进行计算(C/N为20)。结果显示:添加糖蜜能够显著促进生物絮团的形成,到第90天时,试验组的絮团体积达21.22 mL/L;而对照组为6.03 mL/L;试验组絮团粗蛋白含量为29.47%,粗脂肪含量为4.32%,二者均显著高于对照组,而粗灰分含量为11.36%,显著低于对照组;泼洒糖蜜对罗氏沼虾体组成的影响不显著,对照组和试验组肌肉粗蛋白含量分别为21.09%和21.20%,粗脂肪含量分别为2.91%和3.06%;另外,向水体中泼洒糖蜜对罗氏沼虾消化酶活性影响显著。试验组罗氏沼虾肠脂肪酶活性、胃脂肪酶活性和胰脂肪酶活性均显著高于对照组;试验组罗氏沼虾糜蛋白酶活性、胰蛋白酶活性也均显著高于对照组。但泼洒糖蜜对肠淀粉酶、胃蛋白酶、胃淀粉酶、胰淀粉酶和纤维素酶活性没有显著影响。试验表明,生物絮团营养组成丰富,能够有效提高消化酶活性。     

野生及养殖哈氏仿对虾肌肉营养成分的分析与比较

为了解哈氏仿对虾肌肉的营养特征,采用生化分析手段对野生及养殖哈氏仿对虾肌肉进行营养成分分析并对营养品质进行分析与比较.结果显示,野生群体肌肉中水分和粗蛋白含量(分别为79.42％和17.94％)与养殖群体(分别为79.28％和17.95％)没有显著差异;野生群体的粗脂肪含量(0.89％)显著低于养殖群体(1.12％),而粗灰分含量(1.44％)显著高于养殖群体(1.31％).在18种检测出的氨基酸中,有9种氨基酸的含量,野生群体比养殖群体显著低,另外9种在两群体间没有差异.野生群体的氨基酸总量(TAA)、必需氨基酸(EAA)、非必需氨基酸(NEAA)、鲜味氨基酸(DAA)、虾味氨基酸(SAA)含量(分别为83.42％、29.69％、43.59％、32.54％和21.11％)均比养殖群体(分别为88.08％、30.53％、47.39％、34.47％和21.72％)显著低;野生群体的必需氨基酸指数(EAAI)和支链氨基酸与芳香族氨基酸的比值(F值)(分别为66.41和2.07)也明显低于养殖群体(分别为69.10和2.12).野生群体的饱和脂肪酸(∑SFA)和多不饱和脂肪酸(∑PUFA)(分别为41.95％和39.51％)相对百分含量比养殖群体(分别为39.60％和36.64％)均明显高,而野生群体的单不饱和脂肪酸∑MUFA(18.54％)相对百分含量比养殖群体(23.76％)明显低;野生群体肌肉中油脂的EPA+DHA相对百分含量(28.23％)比养殖群体(25.66％)明显高,但在野生和养殖群体间肌肉中的EPA+ DHA绝对含量没有明显差异.研究表明,哈氏仿对虾肌肉营养价值较高、肉味鲜美,人工养殖没有造成其肌肉脂肪的大量富集和脂肪酸组成及含量的急剧变化,相反使该虾的蛋白质营养价值更高.     

Blood and liver biopsy for the non‐destructive screening of tilapia lake virus

Detection of tilapia lake virus (TiLV) in tilapines is mainly from visceral organs of killed fish. However, lethal sampling might not be viable to broodstock and economically important ornamental cichlids. To contribute towards screening of the virus in asymptomatic infected fish, a subclinically infected population of Nile tilapia adults obtained from a local farm was preliminarily tested to compare different non‐lethal sampling methods, for example liver biopsy, gill biopsy, fin clip, mucus, faeces and blood for detection of TiLV. Only liver and blood samples gave positive results by PCR. Since blood sampling is relatively simpler, it was further used for five naturally co‐cultured juvenile fish species from above‐mentioned farm including 40 red tilapia broodstock and 20 Nile tilapia adults from two other different farms. The results showed that from the tested fish, 4 of 5 Nile tilapia, 2 of 5 hybrid red tilapia and 3 of 5 giant gourami blood samples tested positive, while 38 of 40 blood samples of red tilapia tested positive for TiLV in second‐step PCR. Sequencing representative PCR amplicons of positive samples confirmed sequence identity to TiLV. In conclusion, both blood and liver biopsy are practical non‐destructive sampling platforms for TiLV screening in cichlids with blood being more convenient, especially for tilapia broodstock.     

杂交鲌"先锋1号"肌肉营养成分分析及品质评价

为探明杂交鲌“先锋1号”与其母本翘嘴鲌(Erythroculter ilishaeformis)(♀)和父本黑尾近红鲌(Ancherythroculter nigrocauda)(♂)的营养品质差异,对三种鲌肌肉营养品质进行了测定和评价。结果显示:杂交鲌水分含量显著高于父本,粗脂肪含量显著低于父本,灰分含量显著低于母本。杂交鲌肌肉的胱氨酸(Cys)含量显著高于母本,必需氨基酸指数(EAAI)高于父本。杂交鲌肌肉中十五碳烷酸(C15∶0)、α-亚麻酸(C18∶3)的相对含量显著高于翘嘴鲌和黑尾近红鲌。杂交鲌肌肉硬度显著高于母本,肌肉弹性显著低于父本;铁含量与父本无显著差异,但显著高于母本。结果表明,杂交鲌“先锋1号”肌肉营养成分兼具双亲的优良性状,表现出一定的杂交优势,是一种优质的营养资源。     

Chemical and Thermal Properties of Freshwater Prawn (Macrobrachium rosenbergii) Meat

Chemical compositions and thermal properties of cultured freshwater prawn meat (FPM) were studied. FPM contained 83.2% protein (dry basis), 62.7% of which was myofibrillar protein. Pepsin-soluble collagen (PSC) and insoluble collagen (ISC) contents were 0.63 and 0.32%, respectively. Both collagens were similar to type V collagen from porcine placenta. Glutamic acid/glutamine, arginine, aspartic acid/?asparagine, and lysine were abundant amino acids in FPM. Glycine, proline, hydroxyproline, and aspartic acid/?asparagine were predominant in both collagens. FPM exhibited thermal transition temperatures (T_max) of 48.3 and 64.7°C, whereas T_max of PSC and ISC were 43.0 and 46.0°C, respectively. Textural changes in FPM during post-mortem storage on ice are plausibly dependent upon its compositional and thermal properties.     

松花江鲤鱼肌肉肌苷酸含量和鱼肉保鲜时间的研究

纸层析法对松花江鲤鱼肌肉肌苷酸含量和鱼肉保鲜时间作了研究，结果表明：室温２０℃下，鲤鱼肌肉存放３小时左右，肌苷酸含量达到了最高值为６．３２６±０．１２μｍｏｌ／ｇ，保鲜时间为９小时。冷冻－１８℃下，鲤鱼肌肉存放１０天，肌苷酸含量达到了峰值为５．９３１±０．１３μｍｏｌ／ｇ，保鲜时间为２０天。