智能气动肌肉的静态驱动特性研

研究了形状记忆合金丝(SMA)编织网的主动变形及对气动肌肉静态驱动特性的影响.建立了SMA丝内应力与静态驱动力的平衡方程.针对升降温中SMA丝的相变,分析了马氏体和奥氏体体积比变化,建立了温度SMA收缩率模型,并应用到气动肌肉的收缩率、收缩力和刚密度特性计算中.Matlab仿真得到了SMA变形曲线和气动肌肉特性变化曲面.分析结果表明SMA变形存在迟滞,SMA主动伸缩使得编织角变化范围更广,刚密度变化更突出.SMA收缩率变大,气动肌肉收缩力增强.     

cDNA cloning and complete primary structures of myosin heavy chains from brushtooth lizardfish Saurida undosquamis and wanieso lizardfish S. wanieso fast skeletal muscles

ABSTRACT:   The complete cDNA sequences encoding predominant types of myosin heavy chain (MYH) in the fast skeletal muscle were determined for brushtooth lizardfish Saurida undosquamis and wanieso lizardfish S. wanieso , which are used as materials for preparing high-quality surimi-based products. The cDNA consisted of 5973 and 5987 bp, respectively, and both encompassed an open reading frame encoding a polypeptide of 1936 amino acid residues. Brushtooth and wanieso lizardfish MYH showed the amino acid sequence identity of 92–93% to white croaker MYH, which was higher than that of 90% to walleye pollack MYH. The putative binding sites for ATP, actin, and regulatory and essential light chains in the subfragment-1 region of brushtooth lizardfish MYH exhibited a high identity with white croaker counterparts as well as the sequences of subfragment-2 and light meromyosin. In contrast, phylogenetic tree, constructed by the neighbor-joining method based on mitochondrial 16S rRNA gene, revealed that the two lizardfish species formed a cluster with walleye pollack, which was paraphyletic with white croaker. Therefore, a good reputation for lizardfish and white croaker to have a high thermal-gel forming ability seemed to be reflected by MYH rather than biological similarity as revealed by the mitochondrial 16S rRNA gene.     

Effect of xeroderma pigmentosum group D gene on proliferation of human umbilical arterial smooth muscle cells induced by Ox-LDL

AIM: To investigate the effects of xeroderma pigmentosum group D (XPD) gene on the proliferation of human umbilical arterial smooth muscle cells (HUASMCs) induced by oxidized low-density lipoprotein (Ox-LDL). METHODS: The recombinant plasmid pEGFP-N2/XPD was transfected into HUASMCs by liposome. The cells were divided into blank control group, pEGFP-N2 group, pEGFP-N2/XPD group, Ox-LDL group, Ox-LDL+pEGFP-N2 group and Ox-LDL+pEGFP-N2/XPD group. The proliferation rate of the cells was detected by MTT and EdU assays. The apoptotic rate and cell cycle distribution were analyzed by flow cytometry. The protein levels of XPD, caspase-3, Bcl-2 and Bax were determined by Western blot. RESULTS: Compared with blank control group, the expression of XPD was increased in pEGFP-N2/XPD group (P<0.05). According to the results of MTT and EdU assays, the cell proliferation in pEGFP-N2/XPD group was reduced compared with blank control group (P<0.05). Compared with Ox-LDL group, the cell proliferation in Ox-LDL+pEGFP-N2/XPD group was significantly inhibited (P<0.05). According to the results of flow cytometry, the cell proportion of S phase decreased and the G₀/G₁-phase cell proportion increased significantly in pEGFP-N2/XPD group and Ox-LDL+pEGFP-N2/XPD group compared with blank control group and Ox-LDL group, repectively (P<0.05). Compared with blank control group and Ox-LDL group, the protein level of Bcl-2 decreased and the protein levels of Bax and cleaved caspase-3 increased in pEGFP-N2/XPD group and Ox-LDL+pEGFP-N2/XPD group, respectively (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: XPD inhibits the proliferation of HUASMCs and promotes their apoptosis, and reduces the promoting effect of Ox-LDL on the proliferation of HUVSMCs. XPD may be the target for treatment of atherosclerosis.     

Model construction of rat coronary artery smooth muscle cell endoplasmic reticulum stress induced by thapsigargin

AIM: To investigate the primary culture method for coronary artery smooth muscle cells (CASMCs), and to establish the endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) model in CASMCs of SD rats. METHODS: CASMCs were cultured by tissue explant method. The morphological characteristics were observed under optical microscope. The marker proteins of CASMCs, including α-SMA and SM-MHC, were identified by immunofluorescence technique. The protein expression levels of BiP and CHOP, the marker molecules of ERS, were determined by Western blot. RESULTS: The spindle-shaped CASMCs climbed out from the edge of coronary artery tissues after 6 d, and formed the typical "hill and valley" growth pattern of CASMCs at 9~10 d. The result of immunofluorescence technique showed that α-SMA and SM-MHC were positively expressed. The results of Western blot showed that the protein expression of BiP and CHOP in TG (1 and 2 μmol/L) treatment groups was increased compared with control group. Compared with control group, the protein expression of BiP and CHOP was significantly increased after 1 μmol/L TG treatment for 24 and 48 h. CONCLUSION: CASMCs can be successfully cultured by tissue explant method. ERS model of CASMCs was established by 1 μmol/L TG treatment for 24 h.     

Farrerol inhibits nicotine-induced proliferation of pulmonary vascular smooth muscle cells by enhancing Kv1.5 and Kv2.1 expression

AIM:To study the effect of farrerol (Far) on nicotine-induced proliferation of rat pulmonary smooth muscle cells (PASMCs), and further to explore its relationship with voltage-dependent potassium channels (Kv) 1.5 and Kv2.1. METHODS:Firstly, the effect of nicotine on the proliferation of PASMCs was detected by cell counting method, and the optimal concentration of nicotine was selected. Primary cultured PASMCs were randomly divided into 5 groups:normal control group, nicotine (1 μmol/L)group, nicotine (1 μmol/L) + Far (10^-6 mol/L, 10^-5 mol/L and 10^-4 mol/L) Far group. The activity of caspase-3 was measured by apoptosis kit, the cell viability was measured by CCK-8 assay, the apoptotic rate was analyzed by flow cytometry. The expression of Kv1.5 and Kv2.1, and apoptosis-related factors Bcl-2 and Bax at mRNA and protein levels was determined by RT-qPCR and Western blot respectively. RESULTS:Nicotine at 1 μmol/L increased the number of PASMCs to the maximum extent (P<0.01). Nicotine at 1 μmol/L significantly reduced the caspase-3 activity and enhanced the cell viability of the PASMCs (P<0.01). Farrerol at 10^-6~10^-4 mol/L eliminated the effect of PASMCs induced by nicotine in a concentration dependent manner. Compared with control group, nicotine at 1 μmol/L significantly increased the proliferation and inhibited the apoptotic rate of rat PASMCs (P<0.01). The apoptotic rate of PASMCs in farrerol intervention group was significantly higher than that in nicotine group (P<0.01). Nicotine at 1 μmol/L significantly inhibited the expression of Kv1.5, Kv2.1 and Bax but increased the expression of Bcl-2 in PASMCs (P<0.01). Farrerol at 10^-5 mol/L obviously inhibited the effect of PASMCs induced by nicotine. CONCLUSION:Farrerol eliminates nicotine-induced inhibition of caspase-3 and Bax, and enhancement of Bcl-2 in PASMCs by enhancing Kv1.5 and Kv2.1 expression.     

Effects of DHRS3 in C2C12 Myoblast Differentiation and Mouse Skeletal Muscle Injury

Myoblast differentiation is an essential process during skeletal muscle development. C2 C12 myoblast is a commonly used experimental model to study muscle cell differentiation in vitro. Dehydrogenase/reductase(SDR family) member 3(DHRS3) is a highly conserved member in short-chain alcohol dehydrogenase/reductase superfamily and has been shown to be involved in the metabolism of retinol. Previous experimental results showed that the expression of DHRS3 increased significantly during the differentiation of myoblasts differentiation. However, the effect of DHRS3 on mouse muscle cell differentiation was unclear. The objective of current study was to determine if DHRS3 affected muscle cell differentiation, and if DHRS3 was involved in muscle regeneration. Protein expression was determined by western blot and immunofluorescence analysis. The activation and inhibition of DHRS3 increased and decreased C2 C12 myoblast differentiation respectively, which indicated that DHRS3 could affect C2 C12 myoblast differentiation. DHRS3 expression was significantly changed during muscle regeneration, with the regeneration of muscle injury, the expression of DHRS3 tended to increase first and then decrease. It suggested that DHRS3 might be involved in muscle regeneration. In summary, this study confirmed the involvement of DHRS3 in C2 C12 myoblast differentiation and mouse skeletal muscle regeneration and provided a theoretical basis for further elucidating the molecular mechanism of muscle development.     

日粮镁对肉仔鸡腿肌中活性氧产量的影响

本试验目的是研究日粮镁水平对肉仔鸡腿肌中活性氧(reactive oxygen species , ROS)产量的影响。96只AA肉仔鸡随机分配到低镁日粮组和对照组,每组6个重复,每个重复8只鸡,分别喂以镁含量1 .2 g/kg或2 .4 g/kg的日粮。与对照组相比,低镁组肉仔鸡腿肌中谷胱甘肽(glutathione , GSH)的含量降低了27 %(P<0 .01) ,丙二醛(malondialdehyde, MDA)的含量提高了40 %(P<0 .01)。采食低镁日粮的肉仔鸡腿肌匀浆液的ROS信号峰的高度显著高于对照组(P<0 .01)。对照组腿肌镁的浓度(30 .27 mg/kg)显著高于低镁组腿肌镁的浓度(27 .40 mg/kg)。腿肌中铁、钙的含量在两组之间差异不显著(P>0 .05)。与对照组相比,低镁组腿肌线粒体复合酶Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ的活性分别提高了28 %、23 %(P<0 .01)、35 %(P<0 .01)和30 %,线粒体复合酶Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ的活性与ROS产量之间呈显著的负相关关系(P<0 .05)。除C18∶2的含量显著高于对照组外,其他多不饱和脂肪酸含量在两组之间没有差异。本试验结果表明低镁日粮实质性地提高肉仔鸡腿肌中ROS的产量,低镁日粮降低腿肌中镁的浓度,诱导了线粒体呼吸链酶活性升高,从而提高了ROS的产量。     

群居型和散居型亚洲小车蝗成虫能量代谢相关酶活性测定

为明确亚洲小车蝗Oedaleus asiaticus成虫飞行肌对其体内能源物质利用的情况,采用室内生化法测定能源物质代谢相关5种酶,即3-磷酸甘油醛脱氢酶(glyceraldehyde phosphate dehydrogenase,GAPDH)、3-磷酸甘油脱氢酶(glycerol-3-phosphate dehyd...     

60Co-γ射线辐照剂量对生鲜草鱼肌肉品质的影响

以生鲜草鱼肌肉为材料,采用不同剂量的60Co-γ射线辐照处理草鱼肌肉,并测定辐照前后草鱼肌肉的品质,以研究60Co-γ射线辐照剂量对肌肉品质的影响。结果表明,随着辐照剂量的增加,草鱼肌肉中的细菌总数呈指数下降,肌肉中的含水量明显减少（p＜0.05）,而辐照剂量对鱼肉中的粗蛋白、粗脂肪、碳水化合物和灰分含量无影响,辐照前后草鱼肌肉的饱和脂肪酸与不饱和脂肪酸总量无显著性差异。草鱼肌肉在0和2 kGy辐照其挥发性盐基态氮（TVB-N）值保持在一级鲜度,4～10 kGy剂量辐照保持在二级鲜度;辐照剂量的增加,使TBA值增大,草鱼肌肉产生刺激性气味加重,肌肉颜色逐渐由红色变为暗红色,肌肉组织表面逐渐变得不光滑。在低于8 kGy剂量的60Co-γ射线辐照对草鱼肌肉的品质影响不大。      

牦牛与黄牛肌肉差异蛋白质组及生物信息学分析

为了建立和优化牦牛肌肉组织蛋白质双向电泳(2DE)体系,结合生物信息学方法进行牦牛、黄牛差异蛋白质通路分析。以牦牛背最长肌为实验材料,对不同裂解液成分、等电聚焦程序、染色方法进行研究,在最优2DE体系参数下,对比分析牦牛、黄牛差异倍数大于2倍且达到显著水平(P0.05)的19个蛋白质,通过基质辅助激光解吸/电离飞行时间(MALDI-TOF/TOF)质谱进行鉴定,并对鉴定结果进行了基因本体(GO)注释、京都基因与基因组百科全书(KEGG)通路分析。结果表明,裂解液II、渐进式快速升压程序、改良的考染法获得的蛋白点匹配率高,牦牛、黄牛2DE图谱蛋白点平均个数分别为479个和553个。通过比较牦牛和黄牛背最长肌中差异蛋白质可知,所得到的差异蛋白质按照功能可分为代谢酶、结构蛋白和应激蛋白3大类。通过KEGG分析可知,牦牛、黄牛差异蛋白质主要集中在细胞代谢过程、碳水化合物代谢通路、遗传信息通路和能量代谢通路中,研究结果可为解释牦牛和黄牛肌肉生物学特性和肉品质差异提供理论依据。