AA肉鸡腿肌重活体估测方法的探讨

以AA肉鸡商品代为试验材料,分析0、7、14、21、28、35、42日龄公、母鸡整体和腿肌的累积生长,建立腿肌重(y)与活重(x)之间的直线回归、幂回归、指数回归、对数回归及多项式回归方程,探讨腿肌重的活体估测方法。结果表明,AA肉鸡的腿肌在后期生长迅速,尤其是公鸡在35～42日龄时期表现突出;腿肌重(y)与活重(x)的幂回归、直线回归、多项式回归方程的拟合精度均在0.95左右,效果较好。     

Preliminary experiments on mechanical stretch-induced activation of skeletal muscle satellite cells in vivo

We have shown in vitro that mechanical stretch triggers activation of quiescent satellite cells of skeletal muscle to enter the cell cycle through an intracellular cascade of events including nitric oxide (NO) synthesis that results in the release of hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) from its extracellular association and its subsequent presentation to signaling receptors. In order to explore the activation mechanism in vivo, stretch experiments were conducted in the living animal using our suspension model developed. This system used the weight of the hind portion of rats to stretch the inside muscles of the left hind limb suspended for a period of 0.5–2.0 h. At the end of the stretch period, the rats received an intraperitoneal injection of bromodeoxyuridine followed by immunocytochemistry for its incorporation as an index of satellite cell activation in vivo. Depending on the period of stretch, bromodeoxyuridine labeling was increased significantly over the contralateral unstretched leg or control muscle from untreated rats. A stretched muscle extract prepared from the 2 h stretched tissue by incubating it in PBS, showed the active form of HGF as revealed by immunoblotting and it could stimulate the activation of unstretched satellite cells. Also, administering NO synthase inhibitor L‐NAME prior to muscle stretch abolished the stretch activation of satellite cells. Therefore, the results from these experiments demonstrate that stretching muscle triggers NO synthesis and HGF release, which could activate satellite cells in vivo.     

不同品种肉鸡肌肉的组织学特性研究

采用冰冻切片法、借助TIGER细胞图像分析仪对南海麻黄鸡、江西鸡、黄鸡M系、黄鸡N系、黄鸡K系的胸部肌肉的肌纤维直径和肌纤维密度进行了测定。结果表明:①肌纤维直径由小到大依次为江西鸡(30.1±3.1)μm、南海麻黄鸡(35.3±7.8)μm、黄鸡N系(36.7±1.9)μm、黄鸡K系(37.2±0.7)μm、黄鸡M系(38.1±3.1)μm,江西鸡与黄鸡N系、黄鸡K系之间的差异均达到极显著水平(P<0.01)。②肌纤维密度由小到大依次为黄鸡K系(424.5±39.3)根/mm2、M系(465.5±91.9)根/mm2、N系(471.5±63.0)根/mm2、南海麻黄鸡(568.1±59.7)根/mm2和江西鸡(655.5±182.6)根/mm2。③优质肉鸡的肌纤维直径和密度与肌肉品质之间有密切关系。     

牛羊猪肉组织中伊维菌素残留量检测HPLC法的改进

对牛、羊、猪肉组织中伊维菌素残留的检测方法进行了改进，样品用乙腈提取，用正己烷脱脂并于50℃减压蒸干。残留物用乙酸乙酯溶解，过C18SPE柱，用乙酸乙酯-甲醇（1：1）溶液洗脱；收集流出液和洗脱液，合并蒸干后于（50±3）℃减压干燥20min；残留物用N-甲基咪唑溶解并与三氟乙酸酐-乙腈（1：2）溶液于（67±2）℃衍生1h。用配荧光检测器的高效液相色谱仪检测。本方法平均回收率为（102．0±6．6）％，批内RSD〈10％，伊维菌素浓度在5～400ng／mL时，呈线性关系，r=0．9997。检测限为2μg／kg。     

秦川肉牛新品系的培育

产于陕西八百里秦川的秦川牛,千百年来一直是关中农业生产的主要动力和粪肥来源,建国后,通过广大科技工作者的通力合作,协同攻关,运用国际育种先进技术,选出优秀公牛,授配主产区大批秦川母牛,配合其他措施,从而加速了秦川牛的选育,使之很快由役用型转变为肉用型,形成了秦川肉牛新品系。经屠宰测定,其肉用,役用性能不仅大大高于５０年代调查时测定的指标,而且其中一些肉用性能指标与国际著名的肉牛品种相比也毫不逊色,     

乌梅不同药用部位对豚鼠离体胆囊平滑肌的作用

目的:观察乌梅、乌梅肉、乌梅核对豚鼠离体胆囊平滑肌的作用,探讨其作用机制。方法:采用离体胆囊平滑肌实验法。结果:乌梅、乌梅肉、乌梅核0.5～20.0g·L-1抑制豚鼠离体胆囊平滑肌活动,收缩频率减慢,幅度降低,张力下降;8.0g·L-1对氯化钾及氯化钡所致胆囊收缩有松弛作用;0.5～8.0g·L-1对乙酰胆碱和组胺致胆囊收缩有松弛作用。结论:乌梅、乌梅肉、乌梅核对豚鼠离体胆囊平滑肌具有抑制作用,该作用可能与其拮抗钙离子有关。     

不同脱水程序在乙型病毒性肝炎患者肝穿刺组织中应用的比较

目的 探讨乙型病毒性肝炎患者肝穿刺组织最合适的快速石蜡脱水程序.方法 随机选取乙型病毒性肝炎肝穿刺标本50例,每一例穿刺标本随机取三份新鲜组织,取材固定后,分为三组,A组为快速石蜡处理3 min组、B组为快速石蜡处理5 min组、C组为快速石蜡处理10 min组.快速石蜡切片应用超声波技术结合水浴加温及应用BT生物组织透明剂代替二甲苯作为透明剂.三组所做切片同时进行HE染色.结果 快速石蜡处理3 min组所制的片优良率为0%,快速石蜡处理5 min组、10 min组所制的片优良率为100%,χ2=150,P〈0.001,三组的优良率差异有统计学意义.结论 应用JYCL-2 超声组织处理仪＋BT 生物组织透明剂处理肝组织5-10 min就能满足肝组织快速临床病理诊断的需要,缩短了发报告的时间,同时也符合实验室环保的要求.     

饲料中维生素K3含量对大口黑鲈消化能力、血清代谢指标、肌肉氨基酸和脂肪酸组成的影响

为研究饲料中维生素K₃含量对大口黑鲈消化能力、血清代谢指标、肌肉氨基酸和脂肪酸组成的影响,在基础饲料中分别添加不同水平的维生素K₃,配制成维生素K₃含量分别为0.78(K0组)、5.80(K5组)、10.82(K10组)、15.84(K15组)和20.85 mg/kg(K20组)的5种试验饲料,对初均重为(12.96±0.07)g健康大口黑鲈幼鱼进行为期8周的饲养试验。结果表明:添加维生素K₃的各组胃和肠道的蛋白酶、淀粉酶和脂肪酶活性均显著低于K0组(P<0.05)。K10组、K15组和K20组的表观消化率和蛋白质表观消化率显著低于K0组(P<0.05)。K20组的血清尿素氮含量显著高于其他4组(P<0.05),血清总蛋白、白蛋白、总胆固醇和甘油三酯含量在各组之间无显著差异(P>0.05)。肌肉必需氨基酸、非必需氨基酸和总氨基酸含量以及必需氨基酸指数在各组之间无显著差异(P>0.05),但是随着饲料中维生素K₃含量的增加,必需氨基酸和总氨基酸含量呈增加的趋势。K15组的肌肉单不饱和脂肪酸含量显著高于其他4组(P<0.05),其中C16∶1n7和C18∶1n5含量均较其他组显著升高(P<0.05)。肌肉饱和脂肪酸和多不饱和脂肪酸含量在各组之间无显著差异(P>0.05)。综上可知,饲料中添加维生素K₃可以改善大口黑鲈肌肉氨基酸组成,但当饲料中维生素K₃含量≥5.80 mg/kg时会使大口黑鲈的消化能力下降,并且高剂量的维生素K₃会改变大口黑鲈的蛋白质和脂质代谢。     

一水肌酸对杜浙猪肉质性状、肌肉磷酸原代谢、纤维类型特征及蛋白质溶解度的影响

本文旨在研究饲粮添加一水肌酸(CMH)对杜浙猪肉质性状、肌肉磷酸原代谢、纤维类型特征及蛋白质溶解性的影响。试验选取体重70 kg左右杜浙猪30头,随机分为2组,每组5个重复,每个重复3头猪。对照组饲喂基础饲粮,试验组饲喂基础饲粮+0.5%CMH,试验期30 d。结果显示:与对照组相比,饲粮添加CMH对杜浙猪生长性能无显著影响(P0.05),使背最长肌宰后24 h p H和剪切力显著增加(P0.05),滴水损失和压榨损失显著降低(P0.05),背最长肌的肌酸(Cr)总量、磷酸肌酸(PCr)储备量、肌酸激酶(CK)活性、白蛋白及肌原纤维蛋白溶解度显著增加(P0.05),背最长肌肌球蛋白重链(My HC)Ⅱa mRNA比例显著降低(P0.05)。结果提示,饲粮添加CMH对杜浙猪肉质性状具有调控作用,对肌肉磷酸原代谢能力、蛋白质溶解度及肉品系水力产生显著影响。     

Comparative functional anatomy of hindlimb muscles and bones with reference to aquatic adaptation of the sea otter

Although the sea otter (Enhydra lutris) is a complete aquatic species, spending its entire life in the ocean, it has been considered morphologically to be a semi-aquatic animal. This study aimed to clarify the unique hindlimb morphology and functional adaptations of E. lutris in comparison to other Mustelidae species. We compared muscle mass and bone measurements of five Mustelidae species: the sea otter, Eurasian river otter (Lutra lutra), American mink (Neovison vison), Japanese weasel (Mustela itatsi) and Siberian weasel (M. sibirica). In comparison with the other 4 species, E. lutris possessed significantly larger gluteus, popliteus and peroneus muscles, but smaller adductor and ischiopubic muscles. The popliteus muscle may act as a medial rotator of the crus, and the peroneus muscle may act as an abductor of the fifth toe and/or the pronator of the foot. The bundles of the gluteus superficialis muscle of E. lutris were fused with those of the tensor fasciae latae muscle and gluteofemoralis muscles, and they may play a role in femur abduction. These results suggest that E. lutris uses the abducted femur, medially rotated crus, eversion of the ankle and abducted fifth digit or extended interdigital web as a powerful propulsion generator. Therefore, we conclude that E. lutris is a complete aquatic animal, possessing differences in the proportions of the hindlimb muscles compared with those in other semi-aquatic and terrestrial mustelids.