不同气温对母猪繁殖性能的影响

通过分析2004—2006年经产母猪的生产数据,研究不同气温对母猪的受胎率、流产率、早产率及平均窝产仔数、平均窝产活仔数、初生均重、断奶重、断奶成活率的影响。结果发现,不同气温对母猪繁殖性能的影响显著,其中在3,4,5月份,母猪繁殖性能较高,在7,8,9月份则较低,最适宜温度16~20℃;哺乳仔猪在18~27℃时生长最快。     

应用红外传感器进行母猪的发情及最佳配种时间鉴定

应用红外行为传感器监测系统对38头母猪的发情行为及最佳配种时间进行鉴定.结果表明,该系统鉴定的准确率(84.2%)较人工观察法鉴定有明显提高,同时可大大降低生产成本,具有较大的推广应用价值.     

不同赖氨酸水平的低蛋白质日粮对泌乳母猪生产性能和氮排泄量的影响

为探讨低蛋白质日粮赖氨酸水平对泌乳母猪生产性能和氮排泄量的影响,选用3～6胎次、体况相似、预产期相近的60头长大二元杂交母猪,随机分成4个组,每组15头母猪,分别饲喂总赖氨酸水平为0.90％、0.95％、1.00％和1.05％的4种低蛋白质氨基酸平衡日粮,泌乳期21 d.结果表明,0.90％组和0.95％组仔猪窝均增重和平均日增重显著高于1.00％组和1.05％组（P＜0.05）,但0.90％组和0.95％组间、1.00％组和1.05％组间不显著（P＞0.05）;0.90％组母猪泌乳期体重损失显著高于其他3组（P＜0.05）,但其他3组间差异不显著（P＞0.05）;赖氨酸水平对母猪泌乳期日均采食量和断奶发情间隔影响不显著（P＞0.05）;0.90％组和0.95％组氮表观消化率显著高于1.00％组和1.05％组（P＜0.05）、粪氮排泄量显著低于1.00％和1.05％组（P＜0.05）.可见,在低蛋白质氨基酸平衡日粮的条件下,泌乳母猪赖氨酸适宜摄入量为50.05 g/d,即日粮赖氨酸水平为0.95％,能获得较好的生产性能.     

不同饲养模式对妊娠母猪行为、唾液皮质醇和淀粉酶水平的影响

本试验利用母猪行为以及唾液皮质醇和淀粉酶含量探索空间限制对母猪生理心理状态造成的影响。试验选择大白妊娠母猪64头,随机平均分成2组,分别采用限位栏(180 cm×60 cm×110 cm)和群养模式(568 cm×448 cm×50 cm)饲养,群养模式下每圈8头母猪,共4圈。于试验1、3、5、6、8、10、11、13、15周第1、2天分别采用10 min间隔扫描取样法记录母猪行为和采集试验母猪唾液样本,检测唾液皮质醇水平和唾液淀粉酶含量。结果表明:限位栏母猪表现无食咀嚼、啃栏、啃槽行为的次数显著高于群养母猪。限位栏母猪的唾液皮质醇和淀粉酶表现出相反的分泌趋势,无食咀嚼与唾液淀粉酶含量之间存在显著的正相关关系(r=0.336,P=0.048)。群养模式下试验母猪的唾液皮质醇水平、淀粉酶含量与无食咀嚼行为之间没有显著性相关的关系。     

营养调控对母猪繁殖性能的影响

为了探讨母猪妊娠早期日粮中添加一定量的甲基吡啶铬、叶酸、维生素E和维生素A对母猪窝产仔数、初生重、仔猪成活率的影响,选用日龄、体况基本一致的长大二元母猪共计56头进行试验。结果表明,在母猪妊娠早期的日粮中添加甲基吡啶铬、叶酸、维生素E、维生素A可显著提高母猪窝产仔数,提高比例平均为29.2%,其中对后备母猪提高比例更大。     

母猪大栏智能群养系统关键技术研究进展

随着近年来农业机械化、自动化、智能化的高速发展,"福利养猪"观念的普及,我国规模化养猪的井喷式发展,以及养猪行业人工成本、饲料、药物成本等的增加,降低养猪成本和实现"猪性化"的养猪模式成为养猪行业的一个紧迫任务。母猪大栏智能群养系统具有降低人工成本、减少饲料浪费、提高母猪生产性能等提高经济效益的优点。文章总结了国内外母猪大栏智能群养关键技术的研究现状,并就我国母猪大栏智能群养系统以后的研究方向进行了探讨。     

The effect of the ratio of standardized ileal digestible lysine to metabolizable energy on growth performance, blood metabolites and hormones of lactating sows

ABSTRACT: A total of 335 lactating sows (Landrace × Large White) were used in two experiments to determine the optimum ratio of standardized ileal digestible lysine (SID-Lys) to metabolizable energy (ME) for mixed parity sows during lactation. In Exp. 1, 185 sows (weighing an average of 256.2 ± 6.5 kg and having an average parity of 3.4 ± 0.3) were allocated to one of six experimental diets in a completely randomized block design within parity groups (1, 2, and 3+). The experimental diets were formulated to contain 3.06, 3.16, 3.20, 3.25, 3.30 or 3.40 Mcal/kg of ME and each diet was fed to the sows throughout a 28 day lactation. All diets provided a similar SID-lysine level (0.86%). As a result, the diets provided a SID-Lys:ME ratio of 2.81, 2.72, 2.69, 2.65, 2.61 or 2.53 g/Mcal ME. Sow feed intake was significantly (P < 0.01) affected by the energy content of the diet as well as by sow parity. Using regression analysis, feed intake was shown to be maximized at 3.25, 3.21, 3.21 and 3.21 Mcal/kg of ME for parity 1, 2, 3+ sows and the entire cohort of sows respectively (quadratic; P < 0.01). In addition, the result of feed intake can be expressed as 2.65, 2.69, 2.69 and 2.68 g/Mcal based on analysis of SID-Lys:ME ratio. Litter weight gain was affected by dietary treatment for parity 3+ sows and the entire cohort (P < 0.01). Based on regression analysis, litter weight gain was maximized at 3.25 and 3.24 Mcal/kg of ME for parity 3+ (quadratic; P < 0.01) and the entire cohort (quadratic; P < 0.01). Similarly, the result of litter weight gain could be expressed as 2.65 and 2.66 g/Mcal of SID-Lys:ME ratio. Therefore, 3.25 Mcal/kg of ME was selected for Exp. 2 in which 150 sows (weighing 254.6 ± 7.3 kg and having an average parity of 3.4 ± 0.4) were allocated to one of five treatments in a completely randomized block design within parity (1, 2, and 3+). The experimental diets were formulated to contain 2.1, 2.4, 2.7, 3.0 or 3.3 g/Mcal of SID-Lys:ME ratio with all diets providing 3.25 Mcal/kg of ME. The diets were fed to the sows throughout a 28 day lactation. Sow body weight loss was affected by dietary treatment (parity 3+ sows, P = 0.02; entire cohort, P < 0.01) and by sow parity (P < 0.01). Litter weight at weaning and litter weight gain were affected by dietary treatment for parity 1, 2, 3+ sows and the entire cohort (P < 0.01) as well as by sow parity (P < 0.01). Plasma urea nitrogen (P < 0.01), creatinine (P < 0.01) and non-esterifide fatty acids (P = 0.04) were decreased as the SID-Lys:ME ratio of the diet increased. Insulin-like growth factor-1 (P = 0.02), estradiol (P < 0.01) and luteinizing hormone (P = 0.02) were increased as the SID-Lys:ME ratio in diet increased. Based on a broken-line model, the estimated SID-Lys:ME ratio to maximize litter weight gain was estimated to be 3.05 g/Mcal.     

饲粮添加吡咯喹啉醌对围产期母猪繁殖性能和抗氧化功能的影响

本试验旨在比较吡咯喹啉醌(PQQ)与维生素E和有机硒对围产期母猪繁殖性能和抗氧化功能的影响。选用40头体重和背膘厚接近且妊娠90 d的第3胎大约克母猪,随机分为2组,每组20头。对照组在基础饲粮中添加60 mg/kg维生素E和0.20 mg/kg有机硒,试验组在基础饲粮中添加1 mg/kg PQQ。试验期为妊娠第90天至分娩后第7天。结果表明:与对照组相比,饲粮添加PQQ对母猪产程、产仔数、产活仔数及仔猪初生窝重、仔猪平均初生重以及产后7 d仔猪平均日增重均无显著影响(P0.05),但数值上有所升高;饲粮添加PQQ显著提高了初生仔猪和母猪血清总超氧化物歧化酶、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶活性及还原型谷胱甘肽含量(P0.05),显著降低了血清丙二醛含量(P0.05),对血清过氧化氢酶活性、总抗氧化能力及氧化型谷胱甘肽含量均无显著影响(P0.05)。综合得出,围产期饲粮中添加PQQ较维生素E和有机硒对母猪繁殖性能无显著影响,能显著增强围产期母猪及初生仔猪的血清抗氧化功能。     

植物提取物的特性及其在母猪生产中的应用

母猪繁殖性能是决定猪场生产水平和经济效益的关键因素,而我国母猪年生产力与欧美发达国家还存在明显差距。尽管抗生素作为饲料添加剂在一定程度上改善了母猪繁殖性能,但抗生素在饲料中的过度使用会导致耐药菌的产生以及肉制品残留等问题,危害人类的身体健康和生态环境。植物提取物是用物理或者化学方法,从植物中提取的含有多种天然生物活性物质的植物源添加剂产品。近年来,植物提取物作为抗生素替代物在母猪生产中的应用得到了广泛关注。本文结合国内外研究进展,对植物提取物的特性及其对母猪生产性能的影响进行综述,旨在为植物提取物在母猪生产中的应用进行更深入的研究提供参考。