Development of an interspecific Vigna linkage map between Vigna umbellata (Thunb.) Ohwi & Ohashi and V. nakashimae (Ohwi) Ohwi & Ohashi and its use in analysis of bruchid resistance and comparative genomics

To facilitate transfer of bruchid resistance to azuki bean (Vigna angularis) from its relatives an interspecific mapping population was made between rice bean, V. umbellata, and the related wild species V. nakashimae. The V. umbellata parent is completely resistant and V. nakashimae is completely susceptible to the bruchid beetle pests, azuki bean weevil (Callosobruchus chinensis) and cowpea weevil (C. maculatus). There is very low cross compatibility between V. umbellata and azuki bean. Therefore, V. nakashimae, that crosses with both V. umbellata and V. angularis without the need for embryo rescue, is used as a bridging species. A genetic linkage map was constructed based on an interspecific F₂ mapping population between V. umbellata and V. nakashimae consisting of 74 plants. A total of 175 DNA marker loci (74 RFLPs and 101 SSRs) were mapped on to 11 linkage groups spanning a total length of 652 cM. Segregation distortion was observed but only three markers were not linked to any linkage group due to severe segregation distortion. This interspecific genome map was compared with the genome map of azuki bean. Of 121 common markers on the two maps, 114 (94.2%) were located on the same linkage groups in both maps. The marker order was highly conserved between the two genome maps. Fifty F₂ plants that produced sufficient seeds were used for quantitative trait locus (QTL) analysis and locating gene(s) for C. chinensis and C. maculatus resistance in V. umbellata. The resistance reaction of these F₂ plants differed between C. chinensis and C. maculatus. Both resistances were quantitatively inherited with no F₂ plants completely susceptible to C. chinensis or C. maculatus. One putative QTL for resistance to each of these bruchid species was located on different linkage groups. Other putative QTLs associated with resistance to both C. chinensis and C. maculatus were localized on the same linkage group 1. Linked markers associated with the bruchid‐resistant QTL will facilitate their transfer to azuki bean breeding lines.     

A rapid colorimetric method for screening black currant juices for vitamin C content

Summary A rapid laboratory method was developed for screening black currant juices for ascorbic acid content in a plant breeding programme.     

Interspecific hybridization between Coffea arabica L. and tetraploid C. canephora P. Ex Fr. II. Meiosis in F1 hybrids and back crosses to C. Arabica

Summary Melosis was studied in Coffea arabica, in induced tetraploid C. canephora, in their F₁ hybrid (arabusta hybrid) and in backcross generations of the hybrid with C. arabica as recurrent parent. Irregularities were observed, consisting of univalents (especially in the arabusta hybrid), multivalents (especially in tetraploid C. canephora) and uneven distribution of chromosomes at first anaphase. Chromosome distribution was improved by backcrossing. Meiotic irregularities wer negatively correlated with pollen fertility.     

Arabinogalactan proteins may facilitate the movement of pollen tubes from the stigma to the ovules in Actinidia deliciosa and Amaranthus hypochondriacus

Sexual plant reproduction is a complex process that involves a series of interactions between the male gametophyte and the different cell types of the pistil. These interactions are believed to direct the pollen tube growth until its final target, the embryo sac. Arabinogalactan proteins are complex proteoglycans that are believed to be involved in these processes. The pistil is enriched in these highly glycosylated proteins and we provide results that show the selective presence of different AGP epitopes at the surface of the cells or in the ECM of the tissues that correspond exactly to the pollen tube growth pathway in Amaranthus hypochondriacus and Actinidia deliciosa. We also show that in Actinidia deliciosa, which is a dioecious plant with the male flowers having rudimentary ovaries where fertilization does not occur, there is no presence at all of the epitopes recognised by the monoclonal antibodies utilized in this study. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

培养液NO-3/NH+4比对甜菜幼苗NO-3、NH+4 吸收特性的影响

采用标准偏高糖型甜研7号与标准偏丰产型甜研8号2个二倍体纯系品种及水培方法，研究了子叶期（11d）甜菜对NO3^-和NH4^＋的吸收特性以及不同NO3^-／NH4^＋比对苗期（31d）甜菜吸收特性的影响。发现了子叶期甜研7号较甜研8号对NH4^＋有较大的Vmax,有利于NH4^＋的吸收。低NH4^＋浓度比促进甜菜对N03的吸收。而且甜研7号受到的影响相对大于甜研8号。不同NO3^-／NH4^＋也影响甜菜对NH4^＋的吸收速率，2品种所受的影响并不相同。2品种遗传特性不同导致了甜研7号对NH4^＋的吸收较甜研8号敏感。高浓度NH4^＋的存在促进了甜研7号与甜研8号对NH4^＋的吸收。说明可以通过调节甜菜对NO3^-与NH4^＋的吸收与同化关系来调控甜菜的氮代谢，以提高甜菜的产量与质量。     

不同处理对蘑菇与黄豆芽混合汁营养成分的影响

采用不同工艺条件测定蘑菇与黄豆芽混合汁中营养成分的含量。经测定得知,蘑菇：黄豆芽：水：1：2：3,利用内源酶水解24h,混合汁中水溶性含氮物、VC含量较高,利用内源酶或盐酸水解可显著提高还原糖浓度。     

不同覆盖方式对植烟土壤有机质及烟叶品质影响的初步研究

为提高烟叶品质,进行了对植烟土壤不同覆盖方式的比较试验,结果表明:高C/N比秸秆与地膜双覆盖能够协调烤烟生长全过程的土壤温度,并且地温日变化幅度小,蓄水保墒作用显著,有机质积累明显,腐殖化作用强,使得烟叶内在化学成分比例更协调,产值高。秸秆单覆盖对土壤性状改良与秸秆和地膜双覆盖相似,烟叶内在化学成分较协调,品质较好,但由于在烤烟生长前期不能提高土壤温度,使得烟叶生长速度较慢,产量下降,产值与地膜单覆盖差异不显著;由于没有新鲜的有机质补充,地膜单覆盖对土壤性状改良不及秸秆单覆盖和秸秆与地膜双覆盖,从而使得烟叶品质较不协调,但产量较高,产值也较高。     

利用硫酸铜液诊断母牛早期妊娠技术初探

采用3%和5%硫酸铜液对57头黑白花母牛进行早期妊娠诊断,然后通过直肠检查技术进行确诊。结果表明,3%硫酸铜液乳检的总阳性率为87.14%,5%硫酸铜液乳检的总阳性率为84.80%,两组均以配种后31~50d中午乳样检出准确率最高,平均阳性率为90.35%。5%硫酸铜液乳检的阳性符合率较3%硫酸铜液稍低,即造成误诊空怀率稍高,实际应用中以3%硫酸铜液进行母牛早期妊娠诊断,其准确率较高。     

不同生育期干旱对冬小麦根冠生长发育的影响

用盆栽对冬小麦不同生育阶段进行不同程度水分调亏试验结果表明：拔节－孕穗期、抽穗－杨花期和灌浆－成熟3个阶段内土壤相对含水量（RW）上限为40％、50％、60％的水分亏缺均对作物的根冠发育产生了影响，拔节－孕穗期RW40％的水分亏缺处理使株高降低很多，低于不施肥的ck1，复水后也无法恢复。不同生育期的干旱均引起根冠干重的下降，根长则不同，水分亏缺有时会使根长增加，要看具体亏缺程度而定。根系不如冠部对干旱敏感，干旱促进营养物质向根的分配，减少了向冠部的运输，导致根冠比增大，另外，随生育期的推移，干旱对根冠比的影响减小。     

Beamforming Technique of the Multi-aircrafts Management System

Under the operation mode of the multi-aircrafts , more aircrafts at the same time in the view area of one TT&C station. Obviously, it is unable to manage them for traditional methods. This paper proposes a new technique, which combines SDMA with spread spectrum CDMA. In SDMA, multi-beamforming is available by parallel data processing and one aircraft is tracked by one beam. Finally, simulation results of digital beamforming are provided.