植物对水分胁迫的分子响应及其遗传改良研究进展

植物对水分胁迫适应性的生理机理已相继在水稻、小麦、玉米、高梁等作物中得以报道。然而，有关这些性状的遗传控制及其在与逆境下作物生产的关系却了解甚少，由此阻碍了抗性遗传改良的进展。随着基因定位、基因组图谱、基因转移等分子生物学技术的发展，对植物抗逆性状进行分子剖析成为可能。本文综述了主要禾谷类作物对水分胁迫的抗性生理及遗传研究上的最新进展，讨论了植物抗性遗传改良的发展前景。     

白三叶草一种叶斑病病原菌的分离鉴定

明确在山东省聊城市白三叶草上发现的一种叶斑病的病原菌,以期为该病害的防控提供参考.2019年采集山东省聊城市东昌府区具有叶斑病的白三叶叶片,利用组织分离法分离病原菌,并依据柯赫式法则验证致病性.在形态学观察的基础上,对病原菌进行分子生物学鉴定,构建系统发育树,分析其遗传多样性.从发病叶片中分离得到病原菌(标记为SY1)...     

菜籽油皂脚中游离脂肪酸分子蒸馏分离模拟

该文利用分子蒸馏模型模拟分离皂脚中脂肪酸,进而为后续高效率制备生物柴油奠定基础.根据建立的分子蒸馏模型和物化参数的估算,对菜籽油皂脚中游离脂肪酸的分离进行模拟,并与实际试验数据进行了比较.研究结果表明:该模型在模拟分离菜籽油皂脚中游离脂肪酸时的结果与试验结果曲线趋势相近.随着蒸馏温度的增加,蒸馏量增大,蒸馏量模拟值与实验值的相对误差不超过16%.随着蒸馏温度的增加,重组分中游离脂肪酸含量不断降低,试验结果的脂肪酸浓度都大于模拟值,而相对误差随温度升高不断降低,蒸馏温度为453 K时较蒸馏温度为423 K时,相对误差降低近50%.     

提取纯化过程对金针菇FV-19菌株发酵液多糖相对分子质量的影响

金针菇 FV- 19菌株深层发酵醪液 .经离心、沉淀、透析处理得到发酵液多糖样品 ,并用凝胶色谱法测定其相对分子质量 .探讨了提取纯化过程对发酵液多糖相对分子质量的影响以及贮存期对其相对分子质量的影响 .     

PCR技术在住肉孢子虫虫种鉴定上的应用

采用 RAPD 方法对水牛梭形住内孢子虫、待定种及黄牛枯氏住内孢子虫缓殖子基因组 DNA 进行了分析,待定种 PCR 产物的电泳带型与枯氏住肉孢子虫的差异较梭形住内孢子虫大,这与二者表型性状一致的研究结果不吻合.对3种包囊种特异性的 PCR 指纹进行了筛选,回收和纯化了3种包囊种特异性的 DNA 片段,待定种0.7kb 片段经α-~(32)PdATP 标记后用作探针,只与同源 DNA 杂交,不与其它包囊、宿主细胞和艾美耳球虫杂交,用 pGEM-T Easy Vector 对该片段克隆成功,并测出其全长序列,为进一步设计特异引物建立标准 PCR 诊断方法和用作核酸探针奠定了基础。     

陆地棉分子标记辅助轮回选择聚合育种研究Ⅲ.对群体遗传多样性的影响

对7个陆地棉分子标记辅助轮回选择聚合育种和表型选择群体内的RAPD和SSR分子标记多态位点数及其比例，遗传离散度与杂合度，基因型种类数，不同群体间的遗传分化等进行研究。结果表明，经过两轮选择后，各群体的遗传多样性并没有损失，群体内的变异占总变异的90％以上。表型性状的变异分析结果也相类似。     

珍贵食药用菌金顶侧耳研究现状

综述了金顶侧耳的栽培，分子生物学，营养成分，化学成分，药用活性等方面的国内外研究现状，提出了今后研究的建议。     

水稻超高产育种的分子生物学研究进展

水稻超高产育种杂种优势的有效利用、目标性状的选择和评价过程。水稻超高产育种理论落后于实践，这种局面长期制约了水稻更大范围内有效利用杂种优势。本文简要地分析水稻超高产育种现状和存在的主要问题，评述了水稻超高产育种的分子生物学基础研究进展。     

Male sterility in soybean: Occurrence,molecular basis and utilization

In plants, male sterility (MS) is a specific breeding target trait. With the advancements in agriculture, utilization of heterosis breeding in hybrid production through MS lines has become the main breeding tool of various cross‐pollinated and even self‐pollinated crops. Soybean is an essential source of oil and protein; however, the low yield is a major factor limiting its development. Soybean MS mainly comprises cytoplasmic‐nuclear MS and nuclear/genic MS (NMS/GMS), which can effectively utilize heterosis to improve soybean yield. This review outlines the recent research progress on the development of new genetically MS lines, exploring the underlying molecular mechanism of MS, identification and cloning of MS and fertility restoration genes, and the application of MS lines. We further discussed and prospected the future developmental scenario direction of the soybean MS, based on the previous studies of other crops sterility system. Moreover, this review also provides comprehensive information for better application of MS to soybean breeding programme.     

Comparative analysis of genetic effects of wheat‐Dasypyrum villosum translocations T6V#2S·6AL and T6V#4S·6DL

Wheat‐Dasypyrum villosum translocations T6V#2S·6AL and T6V#4S·6DL, carriers of Pm21 and PmV, respectively, confer high resistance to wheat powdery mildew. For better understanding of the difference in genetic effect between them, a RIL population was constructed based on the cross between “Yangmai 18” carrying T6V#2S·6AL and “Yangmai 22” carrying T6V#4S·6DL. Analysis of distribution of the translocations showed that T6V#2S·6AL is much more transmittable than T6V#4S·6DL. By comparing their effects on main agronomic traits, we firstly found that T6V#2S·6AL contributes greatly to top spikelet fecundity, but causes a decrease of 6.7%–10.5% of spike number. No stable effects of T6V#4S·6DL on agronomic traits were found, except for positive effect on plant height. Excitingly, a new recombinant, T6V#4S‐6V#2S·6AL carrying PmV, was screened and proved to have a higher transmission rate than the original translocation T6V#4S·6DL, which will greatly promote the utilization of PmV. The above conclusions of this research will provide important guidance for utilization of Pm21 and PmV more effectively, in wheat powdery mildew resistance breeding.