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181.
182.
从生产毒死蜱农药厂采集的活性污泥中分离筛选得到2株降解效率较高的毒死蜱降解菌,命名为D1、D3,根据表型特征、生理生化特性和16 S rRNA基因序列相似性分析,将其鉴定为苍白杆菌属(Ochrobactrum sp.)和副球菌属(Paracoccus sp.)细菌。2株菌以最佳配比(1∶1.25)混合施用时,与单菌相比,毒死蜱降解效率可提高12%~26%;以混合菌株为研究对象,发现其对毒死蜱最适降解温度为30℃,最适降解pH值为7.0,最适NaCl浓度为0.5%;混合菌株施入土壤后,可保持较高的定殖能力和降解效率。 相似文献
183.
Silage and total mixed ration hygienic quality on commercial farms: implications for animal production
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T. Cogan R. Hawkey E. Higgie M. R. F. Lee E. Mee D. Parfitt J. Raj S. Roderick N. Walker P. Ward J. M. Wilkinson 《Grass and Forage Science》2017,72(4):601-613
Implications of silage hygienic quality for animal production were investigated on forty‐five dairy farms in South West England. Samples of grass and maize silages and of total mixed rations (TMR) were obtained together with information on silage technology, herd size and animal production. Samples were analysed for mycotoxins, bacteria, yeasts, moulds and chemical composition. Thirteen mycotoxins were assayed, but none were detected in the samples of grass silage. However, mycotoxins were found in 0·9 of all maize and other silage samples, with deoxynivalenol and zearalenone predominating. There was no relationship between total mycotoxin concentration and mean lactation milk yield per cow. Enterobacteria counts tended to be higher in maize silage than in grass silage and higher still in TMR – a cause for concern. There were no relationships between mould counts and mycotoxin concentrations in silages, implying that mycotoxins may have been produced in the field pre‐ensiling. 相似文献
184.
Drivers of Setaria pumila (Poir.) Roem. et Schult growth and impact on forage quality in lowland Switzerland meadows
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S. Orlandi E. Nucera E. Mosimann G. D'Adda D. Garzoli M. Bertossa M. Lonati G. Lombardi 《Grass and Forage Science》2017,72(1):154-162
Invasive grasses (especially Setaria pumila (Poir.) Roem. et Schult) increasingly threaten meadows and pastures as a consequence of human impact and climate change. We conducted a study in 2012 and in 2013 to better understand the growing cycle and the influence of S. pumila on forage quality of lowland meadows. We observed a rapid increase of S. pumila presence and phytomass on the southern side of the Alps across the growing season. We measured (i) above‐ground phytomass, with a modified Corral‐Fenlon method; (ii) botanical composition using the linear point quadrat method; and (iii) grassland chemical composition by NIRs (near‐infrared spectroscopy) analyses. To test the hypothesis that S. pumila summer growth is related to specific climatic conditions, meteorological data (temperature, precipitation and evapotranspiration) were collected from meteorological stations near the study sites. Total phytomass was sorted into S. pumila and other species. We used a generalized linear mixed models (GLMM) and found the abundance of S. pumila to be inversely correlated with rainfall and the presence of other species, but positively correlated with temperature increase. The increase of S. pumila above‐ground phytomass production was linked to a reduction of forage quality. 相似文献
185.
为探索荒漠草原区家庭生态牧场退化草地恢复治理措施,2014—2017年开展了对3户家庭生态牧场退化草地恢复管理措施试验。结果表明:补播措施和划破加补播措施明显提高了退化草地地上生物量、植被盖度及草群高度,对物种丰富度的影响不显著,补播措施地上生物量增加51.6%~58.4%,划破加补播处理地上生物量增加48.3%~48.9%;第3年,补播处理、划破加补播处理植被盖度较第1年的对照增加50.2%~70.8%,草群高度增加52.1%~69.8%;补播措施和划破加补播措施使杂草类在总生物量中的比例降低至10%左右,莎草类降低至14%左右。综合评价后,补播、划破加补播措施为当地家庭生态牧场退化草地恢复的有效管理措施;可以为荒漠草原区家庭生态牧场退化草地恢复治理提供技术支持。 相似文献
186.
为增进草原生态保护政策的有效性,本研究考察了国内草原"补助奖励"政策的实施效果与存在问题。具体以268个牧区半牧区县牧业人口、牲畜超载率和农牧民纯收入变化情况为研究对象,运用比较分析对比"补助奖励"政策前后全国草畜平衡状况,并结合BGLI模型计算"补助奖励"政策的实施对草原超载问题的改善情况。结果表明"补助奖励"政策对全国的超载现状有很好的改善作用,增加了牧区半牧区县的人口和牧民纯收入,尤其对半牧区县的正面影响更加突出,牧区半牧区县整体对该政策的满意度很高。但无差别化的补助标准在一定程度上造成了"补助奖励"政策实施效率的低下,预期效果并不理想。因而本研究认为,应通过建立数据库的办法实施"精确放牧"政策,并提出先减后补,根据超载程度做好多补,中小牧户为补贴主体等建议。 相似文献
187.
We investigated the alleviative effects of mixed cropping using ice plant, which is one of the salt-accumulating halophytes, on the damage and growth inhibition of cowpea, which is not tolerant to high salinity. Three cropping patterns (mono cropping of cowpea and ice plant and their combination) were tested. The plants were treated with 0, 100, 200 and 300 mM NaCl for 14 days (consecutive NaCl). The plants were also treated with NaCl for 3 days, followed by 2 weeks (short-term recovery) and 1 month (long-term recovery) recovery. Salinity levels for short-term recovery were similar to those of the consecutive experiment, while the concentration of long-term recovery was 250 mM. The alleviative effects of mixed cropping in the consecutive NaCl experiment were observed at 200 and 300 mM NaCl. Mixed cropping significantly reduced the Na content in the cowpea leaves at 200 and 300 mM NaCl compared with mono cropping. In addition, the Na content in the soil of mix-cropped cowpea at 200 and 300 mM NaCl was statistically lower than that of the mono cropping. Mixed cropping was effective to recover from high concentration of NaCl in the experiments of short- and long-term recovery. These results indicate that mixed cropping with a halophyte could be effective in mitigating the damage and growth inhibition of a glycophyte not only under salinity but also under recovery periods. 相似文献
188.
基于标准的Smagorinsky亚格子尺度模型,对斜流泵全流场进行大涡模拟并结合压力脉动实验对小流量工况下的压力脉动和内部流场进行研究。实验结果表明,叶轮进口处的脉动幅值最高,随着流量的降低压力脉动幅值逐渐增加,不同工况下叶轮进口、叶轮出口、导叶进口的压力脉动主频为叶频,但导叶出口脉动主频随着流量的变化而变化。大涡模拟表明,0.8Qopt工况下叶轮进口流动状态较好,叶轮进口轴面速度变化较小,而在0.4Qopt工况下叶轮进口流动状态较复杂,轴面速度变化较大,0.4Qopt工况时叶轮进口冲角增加以及受到相邻叶片叶顶泄漏流的影响,在t*=0.041 6时叶片进口吸力面已发生流动分离,当叶轮从t*=0.041 6旋转到t*=0.124 9时,叶片吸力面流动分离加剧,轮缘处的轴面速度明显升高,同时分离涡的旋转强度也逐渐增强,导致该区域的静压下降,逆压梯度上升,促使回流的产生,当回流到达叶片进口时进口处的静压逐渐恢复,因此叶轮进口流动分离是引起叶轮进口压力脉动幅值增加的重要因素。 相似文献
189.
构建栎类(Quercus sp.)杉木(Cunninghamia lanceolata)混交林单木断面积生长模型,为该类
型林分的生产经营提供参考。以湖南省 31 个样地共 1 646 株栎类与 1 154 株杉木为研究数据,7 个常见模
型作为栎类、杉木的单木基础模型,基于样地随机效应构建栎类、杉木的单木断面积混合效应模型。结果
表明,栎类断面积的最优基础模型为 Gompertz,杉木断面积的最优基础模型为 Logistic;栎类断面积混合
效应模型相比于基础模型,决定系数 R2 提高了 0.053,SSE 与 RRMSE 均有所降低;杉木断面积混合效应
模型相比于基础模型,决定系数 R2 增加了 0.035,SSE 与 RRMSE 均有所降低;栎类断面积的成熟年龄在
50 年以后,杉木断面积的生长速率在 30 年左右逐步放缓。文章在栎类、杉木单木模型的基础上进一步加
入样地随机效应,模型拟合精度明显提高,说明栎类、杉木的断面积生长都受到年龄与样地的综合影响。 相似文献
190.