Tropical Timber Trade Flows in P.R. China

The historical transition of timber distribution pattern in China was presented firstly with main parts of timber flows in China, which included timber markets, timber transport system and regulations of timber transport. Based on the overview on tropical timber flows in China, the trade flows of tropical timber from production and imports of tropical timber to export of tropical timber products were analyzed by vivid illustrations. At the same time, problems in timber trade flows in China were analysed in the end.     

Fossil history and modern distribution of the genus Abies (Pinaceae)

The plants of the genus Abies are dominant and key species in the dark coniferous forest in the Northern Hemisphere. There are 52 species, one subspecies and 12 varieties in the genus Abies in the world. The history and modern distribution of Abies were discussed. The genus has three modern distribution centers: South Europe, North America and East Asia. These areas are also rich in fossil records. The vertical distribution regions of Abies are from sea level to an elevation of 4,700 m, concentrated in 1,000–2,000 m (15 species). In China, the genus distributes in 20 provinces, especially abundant in the Hengduan Mountains. Meanwhile, endemic and relic phenomena are obvious in this genus. There are seven relic species with both limited individuals and limited distributed regions. Based on the fossil records and the latest phylogenetic data, the following hypothesis was proposed: Abies originated from the middle and high altitudes of the Northern Hemisphere in the middle Cretaceous and it was dispersed southward in the Eocene due to global climate cooling down. The distribution of Abies was deeply influenced by geological events such as the uplift of Himalaya, the Alps, the Rocky Mountains, the occurrence of the Asian Monsoon as well as the Quaternary glaciers. Finally, the current distribution pattern appeared in the Quaternary. The genus Abies has a fossil history and modern distribution pattern similar to that of Cathaya and Pseudolarix. __________ Translated from Acta Botanica Yunnanica, 2006, 28(5): 439–452 [译自: 云南植物研究]     

毛竹蚧虫—蠕须盾蚧的观察研究

本文报导为害毛竹秆部的主要蚧虫——蠕须盾蚧。经多年来观察研究,在福建省尤溪、沙县、南平、建瓯、上杭等县市的毛竹林中常受该虫为害,严重者毛竹秆受害率达70％—90％。该虫一年发生2代,大量以成虫和少量以卵在雌介壳中越冬,5—6月和9—10月为为害的高峰期,而且世代重叠严重。其天敌发现有日本方头甲等多种;经药剂防治试验结果,以快灭磷、氧化乐果等农药,采用注射法或涂秆法效果显著。     

Mechanical site preparation effects on understory plant diversity in the Piedmont of the southern USA

Diversity of understory vegetation was compared among four intensities of site preparation and an adjacent 50-year-old pine-hardwood forest. The study site was a six-year-old loblolly pine (Pines taeda) plantation in the lower Piedmont of Georgia. Species richness and Shannon diversity indices were used to evaluate vine and woody (trees and shrubs) species diversity. Biomass distribution was compared among four plant categories: vines, forbs, grasses, and woody. Moderate intensity treatments (chainsaw and shear and chop) consistently ranked highest overall in diversity, with the mature pine-hardwood forest ranking lowest. Distribution of the four plant categories was not significantly affected by intensity of site preparation.Alabama Agricultural Experiment Station Series No. 9-892325P.     

Economic evaluation of forest drainage and fertilization in northern Ontario peatlands with an investment decision model

Drainage and fertilization of an existing peatland black spruce (Picea mariana (Mill.) B.S.P.) stand and 24 possible methods of planting a clear-cut area near Cochrane, Ontario were evaluated by means of a recently developed forestry investment decision model, FIDME.Results indicate that, on the basis of the cost estimates used and assumptions made, drainage of the existing stand is the most economical treatment if it can reduce the rotation age by 30 years or more. Drainage combined with fertilization is the second best alternative if this treatment can reduce the rotation age by 40 years or more. Fertilization of the undrained site ranks a distant third, and then only if it reduces the rotation age by 10 years; otherwise, it will be uneconomical to apply.In the case of the clear-cut area, planting bare-root stock on a mechanically prepared but undrained site without weed control ranked first among the 24 alternatives considered; the same treatment, but with weed control included, ranked second. Planting containerized seedlings on a mechanically prepared but undrained site with weed control ranked third, followed by planting bare-root stock on a mechanically prepared and drained site with weed control. In contrast, planting containerized seedlings on an unprepared site and with no weed control ranked as the least cost-effective method considered.     

卫矛矢尖蚧空间分布型的研究

本文应用8个聚集性指标测算了卫矛矢尖蚧越冬代成虫及1龄若虫的空间分布型。结果表明,成虫及若虫在大叶黄杨上的空间分布均为聚集型,分布的基本成分为个体群。对1龄若虫活动期在时间序列过程中空间分布型变化的分析表明,1龄若虫出现盛期聚集度相对较低,为其种群向更大空间扩展时期;在密度极低时为均匀分布。     

河北绣线菊属植物研究

作者在编写《河北灌木志》绣线菊属时,对采于河北境内的本属植物标本进行了分类与分布研究。现知河北原产17种3变种,其中1新种,2河北新分布记录种,1河北新分布记录变种。编制了分种检索表;指出了相近种的区别点;简略记述了适生条件及分布区域。     

云杉树叶象幼虫空间分布型及其抽样技术研究

为调查云杉树叶象幼虫在云杉S2-2、S2-3、S2-4苗龄型苗木上空间分布型及开展抽样技术调查研究,在云杉苗木中共设置了30块样地对该幼虫进行了调查。通过应用数理统计方法分析后得出:该幼虫有虫株率分布在云杉S2-2苗龄型苗木上呈对数函数分布趋势;在云杉S2-3、S2-4苗龄型苗木上呈指数函数分布趋势。应用聚集指标法分析得出:该幼虫空间分布型属聚集分布,并通过Iwao回归分析法和Toylor幂法则分析得出,云杉S2-2、S2-3苗龄型苗木上的幼虫个体间相互排斥;云杉S2-4苗龄型苗木上的幼虫个体间相互吸引。同时,应用Iwao的m*-m关系和序贯抽样方法,确定出了该幼虫的理论抽样数及抽样上限值和下限值。     

盐胁迫对柳树无性系SH31离子含量及光合作用的影响

以柳树无性系SH31为试材,研究了NaCl溶液半抑制浓度胁迫下根、茎、叶中Na⁺、K⁺、Ca²⁺ 的分布规律及叶片光合特性的变化。结果表明:在NaCl溶液半抑制浓度(0.6%)下,SH31耐盐性较强;在0.6% NaCl溶液胁迫下,根部在前16 d积累大量Na⁺并拦截部分Na⁺向地上部运输;盐胁迫降低了根、茎部对 K⁺ 的吸收,而叶部却保持较高的K⁺ 含量来维持离子平衡;Ca²⁺含量在根、茎、叶中与对照的相当。在NaCl溶液半抑制浓度盐胁迫下,SH31 的净光合速率前7 d降低之后保持稳定,而气孔导度、蒸腾速率、胞间CO₂先降后升,表明前7 d的蒸腾速率下降的主要原因在于气孔限制。SH31根部对Na⁺ 选择性吸收并维持K⁺、Ca²⁺的高含量及维持较高光合作用是其重要的耐盐机制。     

开远市原生植被类型的垂直分布状况调查

通过对开远市不同海拔高度原生植被类型状况的设样调查,得出开远市原生植被的垂直分布规律为:海拔高度1 500 m以下分布着以毛叶青冈为代表的偏干性季风常绿阔叶林、细叶云南松林;海拔高度1 500~2 000 m生长有元江栲、银木荷湿性常绿阔叶林、云南松林;而海拔高度2 000 m以上为红花荷、黄丹木姜子群落及光叶石栎群落组成的中山湿性常绿阔叶林。而在海拔高度1 100~1 200 m干热河谷地带分布的铁橡栎、清香木群落不作该地的代表类型。结合垂直分布规律,对除细叶云南松林外的6种植被类型的物种分层结构特征作了论述。