Characterization of the A4 cytoplasmic male-sterile lines of sorghum using RFLP of mtDNA

Three sorghum cytoplasmic male sterile lines CSV4 A(V), CSV4 A(G₁) and CSV4 A(M), grouped as A₄, were compared with a milo (A₁) and two other non-milo (A₂ and A₃) cytoplasms for their RFLP patterns of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA). A 9.7 kb clone from pearl millet mtDNA discriminated each of the three A₄ entries whereas other maize and pearl millet mtDNA clones used could not distinguish this group completely. The molecular differences within the A₄ cytoplasmic group offer some explanation for the inconsistency in the fertility restoration behaviour of these A₄ lines obtained with a definite set of testers in the field. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

山羊-绵羊异质体细胞克隆胚中线粒体DNA的杂合性分析

摘要：线粒体是哺乳动物细胞中唯一存在有核外遗传物质的细胞器，其功能的正常表达需要核与线粒体的相互作用。线粒体 DNA(mitochondrial DNA, mtDNA)编码电子传递链所需酶中的一些多肽亚基及多种 tRNA 和 rRNA，其余的亚基由核基因编码。异种体细胞核移植可能导致重构胚中 mtDNA 的杂合现象。本实验采用 PCR-限制性片段长度多态性（PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism, PCR-RFLP）的方法分析以山羊胎儿成纤维细胞为核供体，以去核的绵羊 MⅡ 期卵母细胞为核受体构建的异质克隆胚中线粒体的来源及组成比例。结果表明： 8-cell之前的异质克隆胚中供受体 mtDNA 的比例变化不大，1-cell、2-cell、4-cell、8-cel异质克隆胚中核供体细胞 mtDNA 占受体细胞 mtDNA 的比例分别为2.5±0.8 %；2.8±0.6 %；1.9±0.4 %；1.7±0.6 %， 彼此之间差异不显著（P>0.05）；然而，异质克隆囊胚中核供体细胞 mtDNA 的比例下降为0.3±0.1 %，与前四者相比差异显著（P<0.05）。     

Polymorphism and heredity of cpDNA and mtDNA in the Section Leuce of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Populus</Emphasis>

The chloroplast DNA (cpDNA) and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) of 16 Populus species (Section Leuce) and their F1 generation were detected using PCR-RFLP technique. The results show that cpDNA in the F1 generation of 22 hybrid combinations was inherited maternally, which supported the conclusions of the study of plasmid cytology. The mtDNA fragments amplified by PCR were consistent with the restriction maps in all hybrid combinations and no polymorphism was detected, indicating that the Section Leuce is highly conserved in mitochondrial gene sequences. These results provided direct evidence of maternal chloroplast inheritance in Populus tomentosa, P. bolleana, P. davidiana, P. adenopoda, P. tomentosa × P. bolleana, P. alba × P. glandulosa and P. alba × P. tomentosa.     

Mitochondrial DNA RFLP in genus Oryza and cultivated rice

Summary Ninety-three accessions representing 23 species from the genus Oryza were surveyed for restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) in mitochondrial (mt) DNA by probing total DNA with 15 known mt sequences cloned in plasmids from higher plants, and five mt genomic cosmid clones from maize. Very low levels of intra-specific and even intra-cytologically-defined nuclear genome mt DNA RFLP were found. High between-genome differentiation appeared, suggesting phylogenetic relationships consistent with data from previous nuclear and chloroplast (cp) DNA studies. Parallel inheritance of cp and mt DNA was found. There was one major exception: the mt DNA of the allotetraploid CD genome is apparently equally related to two putative diploid progenitors, which is suggestive of an interspecific recombination.RRLP in mt DNA was also probed in 82 cultivars, with four plasmid probes. Some bands not seen in the wild species appeared in O. sativa, with intra-specific polymorphism relatively higher than in the wild species. The pattern of variation paralleled that at the cp DNA level between the indica and japonica subspecies.     

油菜细胞质雄性不育的分子机理及其应用研究进展

综述了油菜细胞质雄性不育分子机理的最新研究进展，着重介绍了不同胞质类型Ogu CMS、Pol CMS、nap CMS不育性与线粒体基因组DNA突变的相关性，利用线粒体DNA分子标记进行细胞质雄性不育性的鉴定与分类，并对利用生物技术改良油菜细胞质雄性不育系的前景进行了探讨。     

牛线粒体D-loop的序列分析及进化关系

牦牛存在两处10bp和7bp的缺失．10个品种的20条D-loop序列中共有18种单倍型，共检测到164个突变位点，346个突变碱基，其中转换突变235个，颠换突变55个，插人和缺失突变56个．基于聚类分析显示本试验所检测的黄牛中除了鲁西黄牛以外都起源于欧洲原牛，鲁西黄牛来源于两个母系，一个是欧洲原牛，另一个是瘤牛型原牛．牦牛与黄牛起源于不同的母系．     

瓯江彩鲤线粒体DNA的限制性内切酶分析

用 13种限制性内切酶对瓯江彩鲤的线粒体DNA(mtDNA)进行RFLP分析 ,结果表明 :(1)共产生 18种限制性态型 ,其中 5种酶产生限制性片段长度多态性 (RFLPs) ,归结为 5种基因单倍型。 (2 )瓯江彩鲤mtDNA大小为 16 .6 0± 0 .15kb ,单倍型间的基因多样性指数和群体核苷酸多样性指数分别为 0 .75 17、0 .0 2 86 ,遗传多样性较丰富     

烟草雄性不育的分子机理研究进展

综述了烟草雄性不育分子机理研究的最新进展，包括：线粒体DNA与雄性不育；叶绿体DNA与雄性不育；核DNA与雄性不育等研究。     

文昌鸡线粒体控制区遗传多态性及系统进化分析

通过对文昌鸡线粒体基因纽(mitochondrial genome,mtDNA)D-loop区全序列的测序和比对,并结合GenBank已经测出D-loop区全序列的红色原鸡的序列,探讨了文昌鸡的遗传多样性和母系起源。结果发现,文昌鸡mtDNAD-loop区全长1231~1232bp,核苷酸多样性(Pi)为0.09757,单倍型多样性(Hd)为0.874。在30只个体中,共发现20处单核苷酸多态位点,10种单倍型。系统发育分析发现,10种单倍型可以分为B、C和E 3个分支。B分支与红色原鸡滇南亚种(Gallus gallus spadiceus)聚为一类,推测这两个分支可能起源于云南、缅甸附近地区的红色原鸡滇南亚种。E分支与红色原鸡(Gallusgallus murghi)聚为一类,推测可能起源于红色原鸡的印度亚种分支。C分支与4个原鸡亚种聚为一类,可能有多个母系起源。本研究从分子水平上为文昌鸡的遗传资源保护和开发利用提供了参考。