基于线粒体细胞色素b基因的细颈囊尾蚴种群遗传多样性研究

为探讨我国细颈囊尾蚴种群之间的遗传相似性及与其他带科带属绦虫的亲缘关系,用线粒体细胞色素b(Cyt b)基因全序列研究了分离自我国四川和云南2省7地区猪、山羊和绵羊共33个细颈囊尾蚴的遗传变异,并用MEGA 4.0程序NJ法和PAUP 4.0程序MP法绘制种系发育树.本研究结果显示:细颈囊尾蚴分离株的Cyt b基因全长为1 068 bp,共检测到22个单倍型,单倍型间核苷酸相似性较高(97.3％～99.9％),其与带科带属其他5种绦虫的相似性均在82％以下.系统发育树显示,7个不同地域的细颈囊尾蚴聚为一支,分为3个亚群,且与地理区域、宿主没有直接的相关性,呈现混杂的分布格局,未形成明显的地理分支或宿主分支.研究结果表明:细颈囊尾蚴Cytb基因存在一定的遗传差异,但种内相对保守,与其他带科绦虫种间差异较大,故可作为种间遗传变异研究的标记,并为细颈囊尾蚴的种群遗传学研究及其与其他带科绦虫病的鉴别诊断的建立奠定基础.     

湖南省猬迭宫绦虫的线粒体nad5和rrnS基因的序列测定及种系发育分析

本研究旨在阐明猬迭宫绦虫湖南分离株线粒体烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸（NADH）脱氢酶亚单位5基因（nad5）部分序列（pnad5）和核糖体小亚基基因（rrnS）部分序列（prrnS）的遗传变异情况,并用pnad5和prrnS序列重构猬迭宫绦虫与其他绦虫的种群遗传关系。利用聚合酶链反应（PCR）扩增猬迭宫绦虫的pnad5和prrnS,应用ClustalX 1.81程序对序列进行比对,再用Phylip3.67程序MP法和Mega4.0程序NJ法绘制种系发育树,并用Puzzle5.2程序构建最大似然树。结果显示,所获得的pnad5和prrnS序列与预期（片段的）长度一致,分别为531bp和328bp。种系发育树表明,湖南分离株与已知猬迭宫绦虫位于同一分枝。结果表明,由于猬迭宫绦虫pnad5和prrnS序列种内相对保守,种间差异较大,均可作为种间遗传变异研究的标记。     

Genetic parameters for claw health and feet and leg conformation traits in Finnish Ayrshire cows

Genetic parameters for different claw disorders, overall claw health and feet and leg conformation traits were estimated for Finnish Ayrshire cows. The merged data set with records of claw health and feet and leg conformation traits consisted of 105 000 observations from 52 598 Finnish Ayrshire cows between 2000 and 2010. The binary claw health data and the linearly scored conformation data were analysed using an animal model and restricted maximum likelihood method by applying the statistical package ASReml. Binomial logistic models with mixed effects were used to estimate genetic parameters for sole haemorrhages, chronic laminitis, white‐line separation, sole ulcer, interdigital dermatitis, heel horn erosion, digital dermatitis, corkscrew claw and overall claw health. Estimated heritabilities for different claw disorders using a binomial logistic model ranged from 0.01 to 0.20. Estimated heritability for overall claw health using a binomial logistic model was 0.08. Estimated heritabilities for feet and leg conformation traits ranged from 0.07 to 0.39. The genetic correlations between claw health and feet and leg conformation traits ranged from ?0.40 to 0.42. All phenotypic correlations were close to zero. The moderate genetic correlation, together with higher heritability of feet and leg conformation traits, showed that RLSV (rear leg side view) is a useful indicator trait to be used together with claw trimming information to increase the accuracy of breeding values for claw health in genetic evaluation.     

Mitochondrial dynamics caused by QoIs and SDHIs fungicides depended on FgDnm1 in Fusarium graminearum

Fusarium head blight (FHB) caused by Fusarium graminearum is a devastating fungal disease on small grain cereal crops, because it reduces yield and quality and causes the mycotoxin contamination to the grain. Dynamins and dynamin-related proteins (DRPs) are large GTPase superfamily members, which are typically involved in the budding and division of vesicles in eukaryotic cells, but their roles in Fusarium spp. remain unexplored. Here, we found that FgDnm1, a DRP and homolog to Dnm1 in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, contributes to the normal fungal growth, sexual reproduction and sensitivity to fungicides. In addition, we found FgDnm1 co-localizes with mitochondria and is involved in toxisome formation and deoxynivalenol (DON) production. Several quinone outside inhibitors (QoIs) and succinate dehydrogenase inhibitors (SDHIs) cause fragmentated morphology of mitochondria. Importantly, the deletion of FgDnm1 displays filamentous mitochondria and blocks the mitochondrial fragmentation induced by QoIs and SDHIs. Taken together, our studies uncover the effect of mitochondrial dynamics in fungal normal growth and how such events link to fungicides sensitivity and toxisome formation. Thus, we concluded that altered mitochondrial morphology induced by QoIs and SDHIs depends on FgDnm1.     

Selective inhibition of endothelin receptor A improves white matter lesions in hypertensive rats

AIM:To observe whether selective inhibition of endothelin receptor A (ETRA) improves white matter lesions (WMLs), and explore the mechanism. METHODS:Sprague-Dawley rats (n=33) were randomly divided into sham operation group (n=9), treatment group[stroke-prone renovascular hypertensive rats-modified 2 vessel occlusion (RHRSP-modified 2VO) + ambrisentan (n=12)] and placebo group[RHRSP-modified 2VO + vehicle (n=12)]. Drug and vehicle administration was performed from 17th to 20th week and monitoring of systolic arterial pressure was performed weekly. Morris water maze test was conducted to evaluate the function of cognition. The protein levels of endothelin-1 (ET-1) in the cortex, corpus callosum and caudate putamen were quantitatively analyzed respectively. The severity of WMLs and the relationship between ET-1 and vessels were observed by the method of histopathology. RESULTS:The difference of systolic arterial pressure between treatment group and placebo group was not significant. The animals in treatment group exhibited shorter escape latency (P<0.05), more times of crossing platform (P<0.05), lower level of ET-1 in corpus callosum and caudate putamen (P<0.05), respectively, improved WMLs severity (P<0.05) and lower binding level of ET-1 to vessels compared with the placebo group. CONCLUSION:Selective inhibition of endothelin receptor A improves the severity of WMLs and ameliorates the cognitive function.     

Poor reproducibility of template bleeding time in horses

BACKGROUND: Template bleeding time (TBT) is considered to be a useful test for detecting platelet function disorders and the effect of platelet-activating drugs, but studies in human medicine have concluded that the test has poor reproducibility and sensitivity. HYPOTHESIS: TBT has poor reproducibility in horses and has insufficient sensitivity to detect the effect of etamsylate on platelet function. ANIMALS: Twenty healthy horses. METHODS: TBT was determined and repeated 2 hours and 30 days later. TBT was also performed 2 hours after IV administration of etamsylate. RESULTS: Although no statistical differences were seen between the TBT values obtained at different times, the coefficients of variation for TBT replicates ranged from 26.8% to 45.5%. The reference range for TBT was 138.4-860.4 seconds. No statistically significant shortening of the mean TBT value was observed after etamsylate administration. CONCLUSION AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE: TBT has poor reproducibility, and the reference range is too wide to make TBT useful in a clinical setting. Other tests with higher reproducibility should be considered when assessing platelet function disorders in horses.     

中西药对影响奶牛胚胎移植效率的繁殖疾病疗效的对比

为了提高供体牛的利用率,加速胚胎移植技术的推广和应用,试验对比了中药和西药对几种影响奶牛胚胎移植效率的繁殖疾病的疗效.结果表明:①激素疗法中GnRH一次治疗卵巢囊肿的治愈率为83.0%,GnRH PG治愈率为86.4%,中药内服一个疗程治愈率为73.8%,GnRH 中药内服治愈率为87.4%;各治疗组治愈后第一情期受胎率分别为52.3%、54.4%、58.1%和55.3%.②黄体退化不全形成硬肿的供体奶牛经2个疗程内服中药治疗,总治愈率91.3%,治愈母牛再次用于超排,所获胚胎数量及可利用率与正常母牛没有显著差异.对持久黄体的治疗以促孕灌注液和激素疗法中PG注射效果最好,治愈率分别为85.9%和89.1%;治愈后2个情期受胎率分别为77.6%和75.5%.③卵巢机能减退4个治疗组中,FSH LH组、PMsG hCG组、促孕灌注液组和中药内服组的治愈率分别为75.6%、63.8%、73.8%和82.5%;治愈后2个情期受胎率分别为62.9%、58.2%、65.7%和67.3%.④治疗慢性子宫内膜炎以土霉素油剂和促孕灌注液效果较好,治愈率分别为85.4%和84.8%,治愈后2个情期受胎率分别为83.9%和82.0%;PG注射治愈率为76.3%,治愈后2个情期受胎率为78.9%;中药内服组治愈率为79.4%,治愈后2个情期受胎率为84.7%.⑤为预防胚胎死亡采取3种控制措施,对照组、P4补充组、hCG组和内服中药组人工授精后的受胎率分别为53.3%、56.1%、62.1%和58.3%;胚胎移植后受胎率分别为43.3%、49.2%、53.3%和55.3%.治疗组的受胎率均有不同程度的提高.     

Admixture analyses and phylogeographic relationships reveal complete genetic distinctiveness of Polish farm and wild red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) and the North American origin of farm‐bred individuals

A number of studies showed that many mtDNA haplotypes were shared among contemporary farm red foxes bred on different continents and the historical wild red foxes of North American origin. Therefore, in this study, the population genetic structure and phylogeographic relationships of Polish red foxes kept on fur farms and their wild conspecifics were investigated to assess the ancestry of the farm red foxes in Poland. A total of 330 tissue samples (200 from farm foxes and 130 from wild foxes) were used for the genetic analyses. Thirty microsatellite loci and two regions of mtDNA were used to assess the level of admixture between farm‐ and wild red foxes, to construct haplotype networks and create a phylogenetic tree. The genetic structure analysis clearly indicated two genetic clusters as being the most probable number of genetically distinct populations. The fixation index revealed a significant genetic distance between the farm‐ and wild red fox populations (F_ST = 0.27, p < 0.05). Haplotype networks based on frequencies showing relationships between concatenated haplotypes of Polish farm‐ and wild red foxes and the constructed phylogenetic tree clearly indicated two genetically distinct groups. The results of this study provide strong evidence confirming the North American origin of red foxes bred on Polish farms and the genetic distinctiveness of both studied populations.     

Magnetic resonance imaging appearance of the brain and cervical spinal cord in an edema disease affected pig

A 7‐week‐old male pig was presented with signs of a central nervous system disorder. An MRI of the head and cervical spine was performed immediately after euthanasia. The MRI revealed multifocal bilaterally symmetric T2‐weighted hyperintense lesions in the brain and spinal cord, likely due to a toxic metabolic process. Histopathological examination supported the MRI findings and confirmed the diagnosis of edema disease due to Shiga‐like toxin produced by Escherichia coli. This is the first case published of the MRI findings in an edema disease affected pig.