鸡粪沼液复合微生物有机肥在温室樱桃番茄上的应用效果研究

为了探讨鸡粪沼液复合微生物有机肥在樱桃番茄上的田间应用效果,在滴灌施肥的条件下,设置化肥和液体复合微生物有机肥两个处理进行对比应用,结果表明施用液体复合微生物有机肥的处理其单果重可提高39.69％,含糖量可提高11.94％,茎粗可提高8.76％,Vc含量可提高5.72％,产量可提高30.95％,节约成本1.32％,可有...     

春季储水灌溉条件下啤酒大麦节水增产机理研究

测定了不同春季储水灌溉定额下啤酒大麦出苗率、生长发育动态、土壤水分变化、耗水规律及水分利用效率,并结合气象资料比较不同灌水处理的优越性,分析不同春季储水灌溉定额对土壤水分、降水利用及作物产量的影响。结果表明,将冬季储水灌改为春季储水灌从技术层面上切实可行;在适宜灌水定额条件下,采用春季储水灌溉技术较冬季储水灌溉技术可减少储水灌灌溉水量75 mm,减少土壤蒸发37.4%,水分利用效率提高26.2%。在实际大麦种植生产中应以春季储水灌定额75 mm,生育期灌水5次,灌水定额75 mm为宜,这样不仅可节约有限水资源,还可提高地温及水分利用效率,达到节水、增效的目的。     

三江源1982-2012年草地植被覆盖度动态及其对气候变化的响应

采用1982-2012年的多源遥感数据,结合像元二分模型,分析了三江源保护区不同时期代表性河流源区不同类型草地的植被覆盖度及其动态,并研究了草地植被覆盖度对气候因子的响应.结果表明,三江源草地覆盖度整体上呈现出西北低东南高的特征,全区草地平均植被覆盖度为48.73％,黄河源草地覆盖度最高(65.45％),长江源最低(4.25％),草甸、高山亚高山草甸、平原草原、高山亚高山草原和荒漠草原的平均植被覆盖度分别为59.86％、57.390％、39.50％、33.70％和14.13％;31年间全区草地覆盖度整体上呈现上升趋势,增长速度为每年0.230％,黄河源区的增长速度最快(每年0.27％);整体而言,低温比干旱对三江源草地覆盖度增长的限制作用更强,草甸、高山亚高山草甸和平原草原受气温影响较大,高山亚高山草原和荒漠草原受降水影响较大,在月尺度上草地覆盖度对气温表现出明显的滞后效应,而对降水不存在明显的滞后效应;三江源保护区成立(2001年)后,草地覆盖度的增长速度和增长面积都有所提升,全区草地覆盖度对气温的敏感度有所升高,黄河源草地覆盖度对降水的敏感度有明显下降.生态工程和草地保护措施整体上已经取得了一定的成效,但局部草地覆盖度下降趋势有所加剧,以荒漠草原最为突出,应在今后的保护工作中加以重视.     

芸香科及樟科8种植物提取物对荔枝蒂蛀虫的产卵驱避作用

测试了芸香科及樟科8种植物的乙醇提取物对荔枝蒂蛀虫的产卵驱避作用,发现四季橘和沙田柚提取物对该虫产卵具有较高的驱避作用,选择性驱避率分别为84.26%、53.90%,非选择驱避率分别为90.14%、60.83%;而九里香提取物则对荔枝蒂蛀虫的产卵具有一定的引诱作用。对四季橘提取物用不同的溶剂初步分离后发现,氯仿层和乙酸乙酯层萃取物对该虫的驱避作用最高,分别为84.67%、86.63%,即其活性成分主要分布在氯仿层和乙酸乙酯层萃取物中。     

Effects of puerarin on apelin-12, angiotensin II,NO and blood pressure in renovascular hypertensive rat

AIM: To investigate the effects of puerarin on blood pressure in renovascular hypertensive rats, and to measure puerarin-induced changes of apelin-12, angiotensin II (Ang II) and nitric oxide(NO), the factors related to development of hypertension. METHODS: Sixty-five male Sprague-Dawley rats were used, of which 8 rats were randomly selected as sham operation group, and the remaining were used to make two-kidney, one-clip model. The rats that met the criterion for Goldblatt hypertensive rat model were randomly allocated into 5 groups: high-, middle- and low-dose puerarin groups, captopril group, and model group. The drugs were administered for 6 weeks. Blood pressure was measured every 2 weeks. Six weeks after treatment, all rats were sacrificed under deep anesthesia. Blood and kidney samples were collected. The level of apelin-12 in serum and kidneys was detected by ELISA. The level of Ang II in plasma and kidneys was measured by radioimmunoassay. NO level in serum was examined by nitrate reductase assay. RESULTS: Puerarin had an antihypertensive effect in a dose-dependent manner. Marked decreases in the level of serum apelin-12 in high- and middle-dose puerarin groups were observed(P<0.01). Puerarin at low dose did not cause obvious change in the content of apelin but still reached significant level (P<0.05). As the dose of puerarin went up, the level of apelin-12 in the kidneys was gradually decreased. Puerarin at high and middle doses obviously reduced the level of AngII in plasma, while purarin at low dose did not produce any significant effects. Puerarin at high and middle doses markedly increased the level of NO in serum, but puerarin at low dose did not induce any significant changes. CONCLUSION: Puerarin has an antihypertensive effect, and its mechanism may be related to inducing the changes of apelin, Ang II and NO, and regulating the balance among those factors.     

Sodium bicarbonate protects uranium-induced acute nephrotoxicity through uranium-decorporation by urinary alkalinization in rats

To evaluate the effectiveness of sodium bicarbonate (SB) in removing uranium and protecting animals from uranium toxicity, we intramuscularly administered 1 mg/kg of uranyl nitrate to 8-wk-old male SD rats, and 20 min after administration of uranyl nitrate, the animals were given a single oral administration of SB at 0.1, 0.3 or 1 g/kg. The SB treatment at a dose of 0.3 g/kg or more raised the pH of the rats’ urine until 4 h after treatment, and it significantly reduced the uranium amounts in the kidneys at 1 day after treatment. In another experiment, rats were intramuscularly administered 1 mg/kg of uranyl nitrate, and 20 min later, the animals were treated with sodium bicarbonate (0.1 or 1 g/kg). The rats were autopsied at 1, 3 and 7 days after uranium treatment. High-dose SB resulted in a significant increase in urinary uranium excretion in the first 24 h and a reduction of uranium deposition in the kidneys and femurs, and it also significantly suppressed uranium-induced renal toxicity, as shown by both histopathology and clinical chemistry at 3 days after uranium treatment. Low-dose SB did not show such marked effects. Our findings demonstrated that the uranium decorporation effect of sodium bicarbonate was observed at the dosage showing urine alkalinization in rats and that decorporation effect of sodium bicarbonate might be beneficial if it is administered immediately after incorporation of soluble uranium.     

唑草·苯磺隆24%可湿性粉剂小麦田间药效试验

田间试验表明唑草·苯磺隆24%可湿性粉剂28.8～43.2g/hm2能有效防除小麦田一年生阔叶杂草,药后45d,对猪殃殃、泽漆、麦家公、播娘蒿的株防效在90.5%～94.2%,鲜重防效在92.1%～96.4%。在推荐剂量下,对小麦生长安全。     

3个产地板蓝根多糖作用的比较研究

通过小鼠吞噬试验、脾淋巴细胞增殖试验和最低抑菌与最低杀菌浓度的检测,对不同产地板蓝根多糖功能进行比较研究。结果表明,3个产地板蓝根多糖均使小鼠吞噬能力增强,并协同促进淋巴细胞增殖,具有一定的杀菌和抑菌效果。     

30%乙酰甲胺磷乳油防治萝卜蚜田间药效试验

为了筛选出防治萝卜蚜高效、低残留药剂,对30%乙酰甲胺磷乳油和40%氧乐果乳油防治萝卜蚜进行了药效对比及用量试验。田间试验结果表明,30%乙酰甲胺磷乳油对萝卜蚜具有理想的防治效果,表现出良好的速效性和持效性,使用30%乙酰甲胺磷乳油65～135mL/667m2,在蚜虫发生期内喷雾防治,施药第1d,防治效果就超过90%,药后第10d仍保持在90%以上,且对油菜安全。