Antinociceptive,physiologic and biochemical effects of electroacupuncture combined with xylazine in hybrid goats

ObjectiveTo elucidate the antinociceptive, physiologic and biochemical effects of electroacupuncture (EA) and xylazine in hybrid goats.Study designProspective experimental study.AnimalsA total of 30 female hybrid goats aged 1–2 years and weighing 25 ± 2.9 kg (mean ± standard deviation).MethodsThe goats were divided into five groups and administered xylazine (0.1 mg kg⁻¹; group XYL.1), xylazine (0.3 mg kg⁻¹; group XYL.3), EA (group EA), EA + xylazine (0.1 mg kg⁻¹; group XYL.1-EA) and 0.9% saline (0.3 mL; control group CON). Nociceptive threshold and serum glucose concentration were measured at time 0 and at 15, 30, 45, 60 minutes and 24 hours after treatment. Nociceptive threshold was measured by passing potassium ions through the skin using potassium iontophoresis. Mean arterial pressure (MAP), heart rate (HR), respiratory frequency (f_R) and rectal temperature (RT) were recorded at times 0 and at 5, 10, 15, 20, 30, 45, 60 minutes and 24 hours. Repeated-measures analyses were performed for each response variable; p < 0.05 was considered significant for all analyses.ResultsAntinociceptive effects in groups XYL.1 and XYL.3 were increased significantly at 15–60 minutes compared with group CON. Antinociceptive effect was higher in group XYL.1-EA than groups XYL.1 or EA at 15–60 minutes (p < 0.05). No significant difference in the nociceptive threshold was recorded in groups XYL.1-EA and XYL.3, except at 30 minutes. HR, MAP, f_R, RT values were higher in group XYL.1-EA than in groups XYL.1 or XYL.3. Serum glucose concentration was higher in group XYL.3 at 15–60 minutes than in CON.Conclusions and clinical relevanceThe XYL.1 and EA combination was effective for antinociception with minimum physiologic alteration, suggesting that the combination may be a new and effective strategy for pain relief during clinical procedures in goats.     

Study on Clinical Efficacy of Oligosaccharide Sulfate and Dextran Sulfate Against Bovine Mastitis

In order to detect the clinical efficacy of oligosaccharide sulfate(DEAE) and dextran sulfate (DS-4000) against bovine mastitis,56 cows with bovine mastitis were divided into 5 groups (DEAE group,DS-4000 group,DEAE＋penicillin group,DS-4000＋penicillin group and penicillin group),and their breasts were perfusion with different drugs twice one day for 3 days.The effective rates of drugs were observed by clinic symptoms.Milk samples were collected before and after treatment of drugs,and the bacterial negative conversion rate of each group were detected by microbial examination.The results showed that total effective rates of 5 groups were 10.00%,20.00%,58.33%,75.00% and 50.00%,respectively,and the bacterial negative conversion rates were 0,12.50%,50.00%,54.55% and 44.44%,respectively.In conclusion,the curative efficiencies of the polysaccharides against bovine mastitis were weak,but it could be improved by combination with penicillin.     

茯苓发酵液的抑菌和抗肿瘤活性

研究了茯苓(Wolfiporia cocos)发酵液的抑菌和体外抗肿瘤活性。结果表明：茯苓发酵液对金黄色葡萄球菌(Staphylococcus aureus)和白色念珠菌(Candida albicans)具有较好的抑制作用;茯苓发酵液对人宫颈癌细胞 Hela、小鼠黑色素瘤细胞B16和肝癌细胞 Hep-3B均具有较好的抑制效果,其作用48 h 的半抑制剂量为23.7、15.9和13.7μL。     

不同杀菌剂对当归主要病害的防效及经济效益比较

针对甘肃当归病害逐年加重态势, 采用田间随机区组试验, 分析比较70%噁霉灵WP?50%氯溴异氰尿酸WP和80%代森锰锌WP对当归主要病害防效及经济效益, 以期筛选出最佳防控药剂?结果表明:3种杀菌剂均能不同程度防治当归病害, 其中以50%氯溴异氰尿酸WP 1.86 g/L对褐斑病?麻口病防效最佳, 分别为70.38%~78.75%?84.48%~91.04%, 70%噁霉灵WP 0.34 g/L和80%代森锰锌WP 7.92 g/L次之, 对褐斑病防效分别为59.14%~63.72%?58.14%~62.84%, 对麻口病防效分别为78.61%~83.57%?78.97%~83.57%?50%氯溴异氰尿酸WP 1.86 g/L能很好地抑制当归抽薹, 抑制率达58.63%~63.15%?3种杀菌剂均能明显提高当归药材产量构成因子, 以80%代森锰锌WP 7.92 g/L处理增产增收效果最好, 两年平均增产量高达5 559.91 kg/hm2, 平均经济效益为194 136.65元/hm2, 但投入产出比最低, 为1∶480.63?50%氯溴异氰尿酸WP 1.86 g/L对当归病害防效及抽薹抑制率最高, 投入产出比为1∶634.02, 在此基础上综合考虑病害防效和经济效益, 50%氯溴异氰尿酸WP 1.86 g/L可作为生产上防控当归主要病害的主推药剂?     

短稳杆菌对杨梅果蝇的防治效果及对果实品质的影响

果蝇是为害杨梅果实的主要害虫,目前主要依靠乙基多杀菌素防控,成本较高,急需研究替代药剂,短稳杆菌（Empedobacter brevi）是一种新型细菌杀虫剂,为了明确短稳杆菌的防控效果和对果实品质的影响,本试验在杨梅转色成熟期喷雾,设5个处理,1.00×107、1.25×107和1.67×107短稳杆菌以及30和40 mg/L乙基多杀菌素,清水喷雾做对照。结果表明,与对照相比,5个处理药后7 d的果蝇防效为91.92%-96.76%,各处理间虫果率差异不显著,用药后13 d防效在82.76%-88.27%之间,1.67×107短稳杆菌处理虫果率最低;5个处理的果实可溶性固形物含量提高5.41%-7.21%,其中1.67×107短稳杆菌处理的提高幅度最大,果实硬度显著提高33.21%-46.42%,落果率显著下降37.57%-42.86%,硬度和落果率各处理间差异不显著。综合果蝇防控效果和果实品质等因素,短稳杆菌是防治杨梅果蝇乙基多杀菌素的理想替代药剂,值得在产业上大力推广。     

400克/升氯氟醚菌唑悬浮剂对香蕉叶斑病的防治效果

通过大田试验研究了400克/升氯氟醚菌唑悬浮剂防治香蕉叶斑病效果及其对香蕉产量的影响。研究结果表明,分别以20毫升、13.3毫升、10毫升400克/升氯氟醚菌唑悬浮剂兑水60公斤分3次喷雾施药,第二次施药后14d后对香蕉叶斑病防治效果在60.43-66.52%,第三次施药后14d后对香蕉叶斑病防治效果在75.72-80.72%,并对香蕉的单株产量有明显增产效果。其中尤以20毫升400克/升氯氟醚菌唑悬浮剂兑水60公斤剂量喷雾处理的效果最好。     

高压电晕电场诱变野生草原黑蘑原生质体的初步研究

摘要：为提高草原黑蘑菌丝体生长速度,采用高压电晕电场诱变技术处理草原黑蘑原生质体,通过设置4、5、6、7 kV的电压,分别进行30、60、90、120、150、180、210、240、270 s的处理,统计致死率,结合拮抗试验,初步筛选快速生长的新型突变菌株。结果显示,电压为6、7 kV时致死率均为100%,电压为4、5 kV时可获得原生质体再生菌落,致死率为8.45%～81.69%,其中4 kV处理150 s时致死率最高,为81.69%,是获得突变菌株的最佳致死条件;通过再生菌落的形态观察及拮抗试验,获得14株突变菌株,经生长量及生长速率的测量,发现诱变菌株生长后期4 kV的电压较5 kV更有利于促进菌丝体的生长量,在4 kV和5 kV处理条件下获得了生长速度较CK提高的11株正向突变菌株。高压电晕电场诱变技术 可为草原黑蘑菌种的新品种选育提供参考。     

扇吸式太阳能杀虫灯在鲜食玉米田的应用效果及对节肢动物生物多样性的影响

为明确扇吸式杀虫灯在鲜食玉米田间的应用效果及对节肢动物生物多样性的影响,采用抽样鉴定方法调查扇吸式杀虫灯的诱虫谱,通过田间试验调查其对主要害虫亚洲玉米螟Ostrinia furnacalis的控制范围和防控效果,并采用黄板、糖醋酒液和陷阱法取样调查其对玉米田间节肢动物生物多样性的影响。结果表明,扇吸式杀虫灯在鲜食玉米田可诱集9目40科的昆虫,对亚洲玉米螟的有效控制距离在60 m左右,单灯控制面积约1.1 hm²。在大喇叭口期,灯光防控处理对亚洲玉米螟的株防效为25.83%,显著低于化学防控处理的76.74%;在乳熟期,化学防控处理的虫孔减退率为75.29%,显著高于灯光防控处理的21.18%,灯光防控处理、化学防控处理和对照的茎秆活虫数、虫孔隧道长度和雌穗防效差异均不显著。距灯80 m范围内不同距离的主要害虫与天敌种群数量基本一致,玉米不同生育期节肢动物群落多样性指数、均匀性指数、优势集中性指数和相似系数变化较大,但在同一生育期不同距离间均无显著差异,说明田间节肢动物群落主要受玉米生育期的影响,扇吸式杀虫灯对田间主要害虫和天敌种群无显著影响。表明扇吸式杀虫灯对亚洲玉米螟的防治效果有限,对田间节肢动物多样性无显著影响,可作为鲜食玉米田防治亚洲玉米螟的辅助手段,但无法替代化学防治。