持久抗条锈病小麦品种抗性特点及其在我国的利用价值

对18个国际上已经报道的可能具有持久抗小麦条锈病的品种进行苗期、 成株期和温敏微效 基 因抗性的测定与分析结果表明, 大部分持久抗性品种虽然在苗期感病, 但绝大部分在成株 期表现出了较强的抗病性, 苗期表现抗病的品种成株期也表现抗病。 成株抗病基因和温敏 微效基因所决定的抗性是成株期较高抗性水平的重要组成部分     

切梢小蠹伴生真菌发生及病害特征的初步研究

小长喙霉 ( Ophiostoma minus Hedgc.)于 190 6年作为新种定名为 Ceratostomella minorHedgc,1981年更名为 Ophiostoma minus Hedgc.,此后一直沿用至今 [1]。小长喙霉以小蠹虫( Tomicus spp.)为媒介 ,通过小蠹虫对树木的蛀害 ,被携带进入到寄主植物组织内 ,进行自身生命过程并危害寄主植物[2 ] ,故也被称为小蠹虫伴生真菌 [3,4] 。该菌的寄主植物主要是松树( Pinus spp.) [4] ,它在协助小蠹虫蛀害松树树木中扮演着重要的角色 [3,4]。80年代以来 ,纵坑切梢小蠹 ( Tomicus piniperda Linnaeus)在云南 8个地州大面积暴发成灾 ,10余万 hm2 …     

栉孔扇贝消化盲囊亚细胞组分分离与鉴定技术

采用匀浆、差速离心、镜检和标志酶测定等方法,研究了栉孔扇贝(Chlamys farreri)消化盲囊亚细胞组分分离与鉴定技术。结果显示,经Hoechst33258染色,在匀浆2min对照组中,观察到大量栉孔扇贝消化盲囊完整细胞,呈圆形或椭圆形,细胞膜完整,荧光强度较高;在匀浆3、4、5 min实验组中,完整细胞数目逐渐减少,且出现许多形态较小、荧光强度弱、轮廓模糊的细胞碎片。通过血球计数板法得到的细胞破碎结果与上述染色结果一致,随着匀浆时间(2~5 min)的增加,细胞破碎率升高,当匀浆时间达到5 min时,细胞破碎率升至94.24%。利用Hoechst 33258染色栉孔扇贝消化盲囊亚细胞分离组分(S2、C2、C4、S5和C5),镜检发现,C2组分荧光强度最强,荧光颗粒数目多,而其他组分荧光强度弱,且基本观察不到荧光颗粒。由此推测,细胞核主要存在于C2组分中;同时,细胞膜(5’-核苷酸酶)、线粒体(琥珀酸脱氢酶)、细胞质(乳酸脱氢酶)和微粒体(葡萄糖-6-磷酸酶)标志酶活力在其他亚细胞组分中有少量检出,但它们在S2、C4、S5和C5组分中的的标志酶活性比例较高(分别为63.90%、64.89%、77.82%和67.55%)。由此推测,S2、C2、C4、S5和C5分离组分分别为细胞膜、细胞核、细胞质、线粒体和微粒体。本研究成功构建了栉孔扇贝消化盲囊亚细胞组分分离与鉴定技术方法,为贝类生理机制研究提供技术支持。     

不同耕作方式对小杂粮产量及水分利用效率的影响

采用深松耕、免耕、传统耕3种耕作方式,研究了陕北小杂粮产区不同耕作方式对小豆、糜子产量和水分利用效率的影响。结果表明,免耕和深松耕有利于改善土壤物理结构,增加土壤的蓄水保墒能力,提高水分利用效率,节水、节本、增产增效明显,是比较理想的耕作方式。     

Impact of the Cropping Systems of a Minor Dry Season on the Growth, Yields and Nitrogen Uptake of Maize (Zea mays L) Grown in the Humid Tropics during the Major Rainy Season

A field study evaluated the residual effect of a cropping system in two minor (dry) seasons on the productivity pattern and nitrogen utilization of a maize crop grown in the subsequent major (wet) seasons. The cropping systems established in the minor seasons, where evaporation exceeds rainfall, were either monocultures of maize (Zea mays L), or maize intercropped with either common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L) or sunhemp (Crotolaria juncea L). In addition, monocultures of two green manures, namely sunhemp (Crotolaria juncea) or Tithonia (Tithonia diversifolia), were established. The residues of maize and beans and the green manures were incorporated at the end of the minor season; at the onset of rains in the major season, maize crops were established on the same plots. Germination of maize was not affected by the previous cropping system. In contrast, crop growth and yields of maize and nitrogen utilization were affected by the previous cropping system. Optimum growth and highest yields were procured in maize that was grown after a green manure crop. Similarly, although the yields were high, the planting of a green manure crop reduced nitrogen utilization by maize in the major season, thereby indicating its potential contribution to sustainability, due to its lower mining of soil nitrogen. On the basis of the results of this two‐year study, the impact of cropping systems in minor seasons on the productivity of maize, a very important highland cereal in the tropics, grown under rain‐fed conditions in a major season, is presented.     

Research Progress on the Development of Mammary Glands

Mammary gland is a kind of exocrine glands and a dynamic organ.Structure of mammary gland changes throughout the female reproductive cycles.Development of mammary gland occurs in the defined stages that are closely linted to sexual development and reproduction, namely embryonic, prepubertal and pubertal stages, pregnancy, lactation and involution.In this review, the roles of epithelial-stromal (mesenchymal) interactions in embryonic and postnatal mammary development were summarized, elaborated the regulations of different kinds of hormones on the mammary development after pubertal stage, and described the discovery of mammary stem cell populations (MaSC) and selection markers of mice and human.The objective of this work was to learn the basic processes and potential regulation mechanisms of the mammary development to provide some help for the researchers in the field of mammary gland.     

树体输液补锌缓冲豫南板栗树大小年的试验

缺锌是导致豫南板栗树大小年产量悬殊的主导因子之一 ,对于栽植在海拔 80 0m以下 ,且多不联片、已生长 10余年大乔木进行土壤施锌和叶面喷锌费工费时。对这样的板栗树栽植地 ,可在新梢萌芽期、叶幕基本形成期、开花期分别输入 1 0 %ZnSO4 ·7H2 O溶液 2L。进行树体输液补锌 ,可以达到均衡产量、缓冲大小年的目的     

球孢白僵菌防治危害橄榄的芒果小齿螟试验

应用7个球孢白僵菌菌株对橄榄蛀果虫———芒果小齿螟的致病力作了室内测定,并进行林间防治试验。结果表明,分离自竹绒野螟的BbCeFZ01菌株和思茅松毛虫的Bso6菌株有较强的致病力,在107个孢子.mL-1浓度下,校正死亡率分别为92.6%、88.9%。林间Bso6粉剂(含孢量2.7×1010孢子.g-菌1粉)防治效果最好,达96.5%;其次为Bso6菌株粉炮(125g菌粉.个-1)和BbCeFZ01水剂(1×107孢子.mL-1),效果分别为91.6%和87.8%。