日粮有机螯合锰添加水平对妊娠期水貂营养物质消化率及氮代谢的影响

本试验旨在研究日粮有机螯合锰添加水平对妊娠期水貂营养物质消化率及氮代谢的影响。试验采用单因子试验设计,选取150只健康成年雌性水貂,根据随机区组法分成5组,每组设30个重复,每个重复1只水貂。基础日粮中各组锰添加水平分别为0(Ⅰ组)、15(Ⅱ组)、50(Ⅲ组)、100(Ⅳ组)和500 mg/kg(Ⅴ组),锰以有机螯合锰形式添加。结果表明,妊娠期水貂的基础日粮中添加有机螯合锰水平为50 mg/kg时干物质表观消化率、蛋白质表观消化率最高,添加100 mg/kg时脂肪表观消化率达到最高;日粮有机螯合锰添加水平在100 mg/kg时对妊娠期水貂氮沉积、净蛋白质利用率和蛋白质生物学价值均最高,与0、500 mg/kg组相比差异显著(P＜0.05)。因此,在妊娠期水貂基础日粮中添加有机螯合锰的适宜范围为50~100 mg/kg。     

琥珀酸对水貂胃蛋白酶活性、营养物质消化率及生产性能的影响

将健康、体重相近的雄性短毛黑水貂60只,随机分成4组,每组15只.在相同基础鲜料中添加0％、0.2％、0.4％、0.8％的琥珀酸,在冬毛生长期进行75 d饲养试验,记录水貂采食量,收集粪便测定营养物质消化率;结合屠宰取皮测定水貂胃蛋白酶活性和皮长、毛绒品质等生产性能指标.结果表明,各处理间胃蛋白酶活性差异显著(P＜0....     

Isolation,Identification and Genetic Evolution Analysis of Mink Serratia marcescens

In order to determine drug resistance, pathogenicity and genetic of the pathogenic bacteria in mink of Heilongjiang province, three strains were isolated from dead minks and identified. Based on colony morphology, microscopic characteristics, biochemical test and 16S rRNA sequencing. The antibiotic susceptibility to 24 antibiotics were detected by using standard K-B paper method, and virulence assay, phylogenetic analysis were carried out at the same time. The result showed that the isolates were highly tolerance to antibacterials, could cause 100% death of mice in experimental group and were closely related to strains from activated sludge and volcanic deposits. It showed that Serratia marcescens infection of mink existed in Heilongjiang province. Strains resistance phenomenon was serious and had a strong pathogenicity, and might be originated from the environment. It was the first time that the pathogenic Serratia marcescens isolated from the mink was reported. The results provided information for the detection, identification, diagnosis, treatment and prevention of related diseases.     

水貂TYR基因T138A位点多态性及其与毛色性状的关联分析

试验旨在检测水貂酪氨酸酶（tyrosinase,TYR）基因T138A位点的多态性,并分析其与水貂毛色表型的相关性。提取5种被毛色型430只水貂血液基因组DNA,采用PCR-RFLP技术,对TYR基因T138A位点进行多态性检测,统计等位基因频率与基因型频率,通过卡方（χ²）独立性检验分析该位点多态性与水貂毛色性状的相关性。结果表明,T138A位点存在2个等位基因T和A,形成TT、TA和AA 3种基因型,AA基因型在吉林白水貂群体中为优势基因型（0.9069）,而TT基因型为金州黑水貂、珍珠水貂、咖啡水貂和银蓝水貂群体的优势基因型,其中在金州黑水貂群体中基因型频率最高（1.0000）。关联分析表明,TYR基因T138A位点的多态性与毛色性状呈极显著相关（P<0.0001）。表明TYR基因T138A位点可能是影响水貂毛色的主控位点或与调控白色被毛表型主控位点连锁的分子标记。     

水貂源致病性黏质沙雷氏菌的分离鉴定与遗传进化分析

为确定水貂黏质沙雷氏菌的耐药状况、致病性及其遗传特征,本研究从黑龙江省患病死亡水貂中分离得到3株细菌,根据其形态特征、培养特性、生化试验及16S rRNA序列测定对分离菌进行鉴定;随后用K-B法测试分离株对常见的24种抗菌药的敏感性,并进行了致病性试验和遗传进化分析。结果显示,分离菌为黏质沙雷氏菌,对多种常用抗菌药物具有高度耐药性;可引起试验组小鼠100%死亡;分离株与来自活性污泥与火山堆积物环境的菌株遗传亲缘性最近。表明黑龙江省水貂中存在黏质沙雷氏菌的感染,分离株耐药现象较严重并具有很强的致病性,同时提示该菌株可能来源于环境中。本试验从水貂中分离得到致病性黏质沙雷氏菌为首次报道,研究结果可作为该菌感染水貂导致相关疾病的检测、鉴别和预防依据。     

Raw mechanically separated chicken meat and salmon protein hydrolysate as protein sources in extruded dog food: effect on protein and amino acid digestibility

Protein quality was evaluated for mechanically separated chicken meat (MSC) and salmon protein hydrolysate (SPH), and for extruded dog foods where MSC or SPH partially replaced poultry meal (PM). Apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of crude protein (CP) and amino acids (AA) in the protein ingredients and extruded foods was determined with mink (Neovison vison). The extruded dog foods included a control diet with protein from PM and grain, and two diets where MSC or SPH provided 25% of the dietary CP. Nutrient composition of the protein ingredients varied, dry matter (DM) was 944.0, 358.0 and 597.4 g/kg, CP was 670.7, 421.2 and 868.9 g/kg DM, crude fat was 141.4, 547.8 and 18.5 g/kg DM and ash was 126.4, 32.1 and 107.0 g/kg DM for PM, MSC and SPH respectively. The content of essential AA (g/100 g CP) was more than 10.0 percentage units lower in SPH than in PM and MSC. The ATTD of CP differed (p < 0.001) between protein ingredients and was 80.9%, 88.2% and 91.3% for PM, MSC and SPH respectively. The ATTD of total AA was lowest (p < 0.001) for PM, and similar (p > 0.05) for MSC and SPH. In the extruded diets, the expected higher ATTD of CP and AA from replacement of PM with MSC or SPH was not observed. The ATTD of CP was determined to be 80.3%, 81.3% and 79.0% for the PM, MSC and SPH extruded foods respectively. Furthermore, the ATTD of several AA was numerically highest for the PM diet. Possibly, extrusion affected ATTD of the diets differently due to different properties and previous processing of the three protein ingredients.     

水貂肠炎病毒VP2基因在昆虫杆状病毒表达系统中的表达

利用昆虫杆状病毒表达系统表达水貂肠炎病毒(mink enteritis virus,MEV) VP2 基因,表达的蛋白能够形成病毒样粒子,具有反应原性,为研究MEV新型疫苗奠定基础。采用PCR方法扩增MEV VP2 基因,将PCR产物连接到pMD18-T载体,目的基因定向克隆到pFast-BacⅠ载体中,构建重组转座载体后转化DH10 Bac感受态细胞,获得重组Bacmid 质粒后转染Sf9昆虫细胞,传毒3代,对表达蛋白进行 Western blotting鉴定。结果成功克隆MEV VP2基因。Western blotting结果证实,表达蛋白能够被MEV单克隆抗体识别。在 Bac-To-Bac 杆状病毒表达系统中成功的表达了MEV VP2蛋白,目的蛋白具有较好的反应原性。     

产箱环境对母貂母性行为和仔貂生长发育的影响

试验探讨了产箱环境对母貂母性行为和仔貂存活、生长、发育的影响。4种新型产箱类型有A、AB、AC、AD,B型为传统产箱。通过母貂的做窝行为和对5日龄仔貂的取回试验判断产箱环境对母貂母性行为的影响,通过出生重、出生个数、仔貂死亡率、平均体重、体表温度来判断产箱环境对仔貂存活、生长的影响。结果表明,仔貂的出生重和出生个数不受产箱环境的影响;AC型产箱能够增强母貂的母性,提高1~14日龄仔貂的存活率和平均体重。新型产箱在保温性能和产仔保活方面都优于传统产箱。     

The emergence of parvoviruses of carnivores

The emergence of canine parvovirus (CPV) represents a well-documented example highlighting the emergence of a new virus through cross-species transmission. CPV emerged in the mid-1970s as a new pathogen of dogs and has since become endemic in the global dog population. Despite widespread vaccination, CPV has remained a widespread disease of dogs, and new genetic and antigenic variants have arisen and sometimes reached high frequency in certain geographic regions or throughout the world. Here we review our understanding of this emergence event and contrast it to what is known about the emergence of a disease in mink caused by mink enteritis virus (MEV). In addition, we summarize the evolution of CPV over the past 30 years in the global dog population, and describe the epidemiology of contemporary parvovirus infections of dogs and cats. CPV represents a valuable model for understanding disease emergence through cross-species transmission, while MEV provides an interesting comparison.     

20～45日龄仔貂补饲效果的研究

本试验旨在研究补饲对20～45日龄仔貂生长性能的影响。选择2,4窝20日龄仔貂作为试验动物,随机分为2组,每组12窝。对照组仔貂随母貂哺乳采食,不补饲;试验组仔貂除随母貂哺乳采食外,每天额外补饲2次。试验期25d,2组仔貂均在45日龄断奶分窝。结果表明,试验组仔公貂40日龄和45日龄的体重极显著高于对照组（P〈0．01）。试验组35日龄仔公貂体重以及35日龄、40日龄和45日龄仔母貂的体重均显著高于对照组（P〈0.05）。由此得出,补饲可以显著增加20～45日龄仔貂的生长性能。