Assessment of genetic purity of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum L.) hybrid using molecular markers

Three DNA molecular marker systems, RAPD, ISSR and SSR, were used to test seed genetic purity of two commercial hybrid tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum L.) cultivars ‘Hezuo 903’ and ‘Sufen No. 8’. Genomic DNA from the two F₁ hybrid cultivars and their corresponding parental lines was screened with 218 RAPD decamer primers, 54 ISSR primers and 49 SSR primers. Among the 321 primers, 4 primers for ‘Hezuo 903’ and 3 for ‘Sufen No. 8’, which could produce both female and male parent-specific markers, were selected for testing the genetic purity. A total of 210 hybrid individuals of each cultivar were analyzed using the identified primers. The combined results of the marker analysis showed that eight of the 210 F₁ plants in ‘Hezuo 903’ and 13 of 210 in ‘Sufen No. 8’ were false hybrids, and the overall genetic purity of the two F₁ hybrid seed lots was 96.2 and 93.8%, respectively. This study showed that RAPD and SSR markers could provide a practical and efficient tool in quality control of the tomato commercial hybrid seeds.     

基于支持向量机的DNA序列分类系统的设计与实现

针对传统统计方法进行DNA序列分类时要求DNA序列样本的概率分布函数已知，但多数情况下概率分布函数未知这一问题，采用支持向量机这一新的机器学习方法对DNA序列进行分类；以VB和Matlab为主要工具开发了基于支持向量机的DNA序列分类系统。结果表明：该系统能够动态选择DNA训练样本、待测试样本．以及支持向量机模型中的参数，并根据用户的指定条件动态输出计算结果；对于预测一批已知正确分类答案的DNA序列，系统能够自动统计识别率，以观察参数变化对于算法执行结果的影响。支持向量机能够在概率分布函数未知的条件下对DNA序列进行分类。     

表观遗传学的分子机制及其研究进展

表观遗传学(epigenetics)是指不涉及DNA序列改变、可以通过有丝分裂和减数分裂进行遗传的基因表达变化的遗传学分支领域。目前研究主要集中在DNA甲基化、组蛋白密码、染色质重塑和非编码RNA调控等方面。副突变、亲代基因印记、性别相关性基因剂量补偿效应和转基因沉默等都是典型的表观遗传现象。相关研究有利于揭示生物生长发育、多倍体植物基因组进化、杂种优势以及人类疾病等许多生命现象的本质。     

核桃叶片基因组DNA的4种提取方法比较

以核桃叶片为材料,比较了高盐低pH法、SDS法、改良CTAB法和适合酚类、多糖类物质较多的植物DNA提取法提取基因组DNA的效果;通过琼脂糖凝胶电泳、紫外分光光度计、RAPD、ISSR等方法进行PCR扩增和用EcoRI、PstI内切酶酶切对所提取的DNA样品进行检测,比较所得DNA的产量和质量.结果表明,4种提取方法从叶片中得到的DNA产量和质量有所不同,其中酚类、多糖类物质较多的植物DNA提取法产量最高,纯度适中.4种方法提取的DNA对以后的PCR和酶切均没有影响.     

Disseminated protothecosis diagnosed by evaluation of CSF in a dog

A 5-year-old female spayed Shetland Sheepdog Mix dog was evaluated for a history of recent seizure activity, progressive hind limb ataxia, polyuria, and polydipsia and no history of gastrointestinal signs. Physical examination findings included conscious proprioceptive deficits, ataxia, and anterior uveitis along with a hypermature cataract in the right eye. Results of a CBC, serum biochemical profile, urinalysis, and computed tomography scan of the brain were unremarkable. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis revealed marked eosinophilic pleocytosis and rare organisms consistent with Prototheca spp within neutrophils and macrophages. On postmortem histologic examination, mononuclear inflammation and numerous intralesional algal organisms, similar to those seen on the cytologic preparation of CSF, were found in the brain, eyes, kidneys, and heart. Abnormalities were not detected on gross and histologic examination of the gastrointestinal tract. Cultures of CSF and subdural/olfactory bulb, but not intestinal tract, yielded growth of Prototheca spp, and PCR analysis and DNA sequencing confirmed the organism as Prototheca zopfii genotype 2. We have reported a rare case of disseminated protothecosis that was diagnosed by evaluation of CSF in a dog presented with neurologic signs and no overt enteric disease. Protothecosis should be considered as a rare cause of seizures, even in the absence of obvious enteric signs, and should be included in the differential diagnosis of eosinophilic pleocytosis.     

广东省主要红树林植物DNA条形码评价

为评估DNA条形码对鉴定红树林植物的通用性和有效性,在广东红树林分布区域共计采集红树林植物16科22属23种,共144个样品,并进行DNA条形码测序。结果表明:选择的rbcL、matK和trnH-psbA 3个DNA片段的PCR扩增成功率分别为100%、80.29%±8.49%、99.38%±1.25%。测序成果率最高为rbcL 100%,trnH-psbA次之94.57%±5.06%,matK最低75.04%±6.26%。表明rbcL和trnH-psbA片段在红树林群落中都具有较好的通用性。应用BLAST和NJ Tree两种方法计算红树植物的物种识别率。BLAST结果表明,单片段中trnH-psbA的物种识别率最高,为84.48%±12.09%,rbcL次之,matK最低。NJ Tree分析显示单片段中rbcL的物种识别率最高,为66.65%±17.35%;trnH-psbA片段次之,matK片段最低。两张分析方法都显示多个片段组合使用时,rbcL或trnH-psbA是提高物种平均识别率的主要片段。利用单片段rbcL即可获得平均节点支持率最高的红树植物系统发育树,且能准确区分不同树种。trnH-psbA片段可以识别rbcL片段不能识别的物种,可以作为补充片段。综合比较,推荐rbcL、trnH-psbA作为红树林植物DNA条形码片段。     

油茶随机扩增多态DNA条件的研究

以改进的CTAB法提取油茶嫩叶总DNA,进行随机扩增多态DNA(RAPD)分析,分别测试了Mg2+浓度、引物浓度、dNTP浓度、模板DNA浓度和TaqDNA聚合酶用量对反应结果的影响,确定了油茶RAPD分析的最适反应体系:在25μlPCR反应体积中,含20ng模板DNA,2 5mmol·L-1MgCl2,0 2mmol·L-1dNTP,0 3μmol·L-1引物,1UTaqDNA聚合酶。扩增程序为:94℃预变性180s;94℃变性60s,37℃退火90s,72℃延伸120s,反应40个循环;最后在72℃延伸5min。     

桃蚜DNA提取方法的研究

[目的]探讨不同方法提取桃蚜DNA效果。[方法]以桃蚜为试验材料,采用近年来用于提取小型昆虫DNA的方法,包括2种十二烷基硫酸钠（SDS）法、十六烷基三乙基溴化铵（CTAB）法、醋酸钾（KAc）法和2种饱和氯化钠（NaCl）法,并作了进一步的改进,对单只蚜虫进行基因组DNA的提取,用1％琼脂糖凝胶电泳和微量紫外分光光度计等检测手段比较分析所提DNA的浓度和纯度。[结果]6种方法除KAc法外,都可以提取到较高浓度的基因组DNA。其中,较适宜的方法为饱和NaCl法Ⅱ。[结论]该方法探讨了不同方法提取桃蚜DNA效果．为桃蚜基因提取提供了技术支持。     

产蛋下降综合症H_（91）病毒基因组DNA的酶切分析

从发病鸡群中分离的产蛋下降综合症病毒（ＥＤＳ＿（－７６））Ｈ＿（９１）株接种鹅胚收获的尿囊液，用氯化铯密度梯度离心等方法纯化了ＥＤＳ病毒。电镜下观察到病毒无囊膜，大小为７０～８５ｎｍ。从纯化的病毒悬液提取的核酸，经琼脂糖凝胶电泳只出现一条分子量为３４ｋｂ、背景清晰的核酸带。用６种限制性内切酶对其基因组ＤＮＡ进行了酶切分析，各种酶消化分别产生４，４，９，９，１１和３条片段。将此结果与ＥＤＳ标准株ＡＶ＿（－１２７）株基因组ＤＮＡ由相同的内切酶消化的结果进行比较发现，由ＨｉｎｄⅢ和ＳｍａⅠ消化２个病毒基因组ＤＮＡ产生的片段数及大小有些差异。