鸽保健砂中主要矿物质元素含量及钙磷测定前处理方法的比较

为了解保健砂中主要矿物质元素的含量情况,试验采集了6省共11个地区的鸽保健砂产品,首先比较了用湿法消化、干法消化和酸溶解法对钙磷待测样品进行前处理的效果,分别按照GB/T 6436-2018和GB/T 6437-2018测定方法测定了样品中的Ca、P含量,接着采用GB/T 13885-2017方法测定了样品中Fe、Cu...     

鸭绿江水系唇鱼骨肌肉营养成分与品质的评价

用生化分析方法,对鸭绿江水系唇鱼骨肌肉一般营养成分、氨基酸、脂肪酸和微量元素的组成成分进行分析,并对其营养品质进行评价。结果表明:肌肉中水分、粗蛋白、粗脂肪和粗灰分的含量分别为:(75.45±0.64)%、(19.10±0.28)%、(3.70±0.71)%和(1.30±0.03)%。氨基酸组成分析表明,肌肉鲜样中含有18种氨基酸,氨基酸总量为(18.71±0.23)%,其中必需氨基酸和鲜味氨基酸总量分别为(7.61±0.11)%和(6.91±0.21)%,鲜味氨基酸中谷氨酸含量最高为(2.95±0.01)%;鸭绿江水系唇鱼骨的第一限制性氨基酸是色氨酸。必需氨基酸占总氨基酸的比值(WEAA/WTAA)为40.67%,必需氨基酸与非必需氨基酸的比值(WEAA/WNEAA)为78.82%,氨基酸平衡效果较好。脂肪酸组成分析表明,其主要有3种饱和脂肪酸(SFA),4种单不饱和脂肪酸(MUFA)和8种多不饱和脂肪酸(PUFA),其中PUFA含量最高为(45.17±1.51)%,PUMA中亚油酸含量最高,其次分别为DHA、花生四烯酸、EPA、α-亚麻酸、二高-γ-亚麻酸、顺,顺-11,14-二十碳二烯酸和DPA。微量元素组成分析得出,碘含量最高,其次依次为锌、铁、铜、硒和锰。研究表明,鸭绿江水系唇鱼骨是一种营养丰富,肉味鲜美的经济鱼类,具有食用价值和保健作用。     

宾馆插花融入中国元素浅析

随着生活水平的不断提高,人们对生活环境的要求与日俱增。宾馆插花能够保障舒适生活,体现积极生活态度,甚至展示国家风貌等,越来越被公众所重视。中国宾馆插花现阶段还掺杂着很多西式插花的元素,不能突出展示中国插花的特点。通过对在宾馆插花中融入中国元素,彰显中国文化并结合案例进行深入分析,提出合理建议,促使宾馆插花成为中国文化进一步弘扬发展的新载体。     

猪垫料用量对大杯香菇中主要矿物质元素与铅含量关联度的影响

【目的】研究猪垫料栽培大杯香菇子实体中主要矿物质元素含量与铅含量的关系,为大面积栽培铅含量更低的大杯香菇提供依据。【方法】通过在对照培养料(A0,10%)中添加质量分数为10%(A1)、20%(A2)、30%(A3)、40%(A4)、50%(A5)、60%(A6)、70%(A7)的猪垫料,进行大杯香菇栽培试验,采用灰色关联方法,分析各处理大杯香菇子实体中主要矿物质元素含量(铜、锰、铁、锌、钾、钙)与铅含量的关系。【结果】7个处理中,猪垫料用量对铅与各主要矿物质元素含量的关联系数影响顺序从大到小为:A2A3A7A0A6A4A1A5,其中A2处理关联系数最大,为0.811 3,A5处理关联系数最小,为0.485 0。猪垫料栽培大杯香菇子实体中的Zn含量与Pb含量关联度最大,为0.725 9,其次是Mn含量,关联度最小的是K含量。【结论】猪垫料用量对大杯香菇子实体中各种主要矿物质元素与铅含量关联系数有一定的影响,猪垫料栽培大杯香菇子实体中的Zn含量与Pb含量关系密切。     

“黄金梨”叶片及果实中主要矿质元素量变化及相关关系

以“黄金梨”和“鸭梨”为试材,分析了叶片和果实中主要矿质元素含量年变化及其二者间的相关关系.结果表明:叶片内氮、磷、钾含量随叶龄增长而降低,钙含量随叶龄增长而升高,镁则前期增加,后期减少;果实中氮、磷、钾、钙、镁含量随果实膨大而呈递减趋势.“黄金梨”叶片和果实中氮磷钾含量高于“鸭梨”.“黄金梨”叶片中氮磷含量和果实中氮磷含量呈显著正相关,镁则呈负相关.     

哈尼梯田生态系统地表水不同形态氮含量时空分布特征

为探讨哈尼梯田生态系统天人合一的水分和营养元素的利用模式,揭示哈尼梯田生态系统氮素时空变化规律,明确土地利用对氮浓度的影响,为哈尼梯田的水环境保护和可持续发展提供科学依据。以元阳县全福庄小流域为研究对象,应用Kriging空间插值法分析了该系统地表水氮素的时空分布特征。结果表明:(1)除NO_3~--N浓度在夏季和冬季呈强变异外,其他N浓度在不同季节的变异系数均小于100%,表现为中等程度变异。(2)梯田中下部TN、NO_3~--N和NH_4~+-N浓度变幅都较大,分别为0.103~0.849,0.010~0.143,0.052~0.446mg/L,森林地表水中TN、NO_3~--N和NH_4~+-N浓度的变幅都相对较小,分别为0.108~0.471,0.003~0.102,0.058~0.164mg/L。(3)TN、NO_3~--N和NH_4~+-N各季节的块金系数均小于50%,各季节均有较强的空间自相关性。TN、NO_3~--N和NH_4~+-N各季节的变程均在1 000m以内,表明各指标各个季节分别在不同尺度范围内分布连续,存在空间自相关性。(4)通过Kriging插值法得知,不同季节TN、NO_3~--N,NH_4~+-N地表水浓度从整体上为村庄梯田河流森林的分布规律。     

南岳衡山种子植物区系地理分析——南岳衡山植物区系研究(二)

采用查阅资料和线路调查与样地调查相结合的方法,研究南岳衡山种子植物区系的地理成分,结果表明:南岳衡山有种子植物164科中有12个分布型8个变型,692属中有14个分布型18个变型,1 572种中有14个分布型和非中国特有种的11个变型以及中国特有种的13个变型;类群分布型及变型组成复杂,联系广泛,以属的分布型组成的复杂性和联系的广泛性最明显;不同分布型对不同分类群区系地理属性的影响程度不一样;14、9、3、7和8分布型的属,15、8和14分布型的种对植被组建影响较大。种子植物区系科、属、种的世界广布成分由科的33.54%到属的8.52%,再到4.58%;除世界广布以外,热带成分占总类群数的比例由科的62.38%到属的46.29%,再到种的25.67%;温带成分由科的37.61%,到属的53.71%,再到种74.33%。区系中科以热带成分为主,属的热、温带成分基本平衡,种以温带成分为主。现代种子植物区系为典型亚热带性质,表现出华东植物区西部地区的植物区系特点;区系中有1个中国特有科16个中国特有属533个中国特有种,其中湖南特有11种,衡山特有1种。     

Relative bioavailability of organic bis-glycinate bound copper relative to inorganic copper sulfate in beef steers fed a high antagonist growing diet

To assess the relative bioavailability of bis-glycinate bound Cu, 90 Angus-cross steers (265 ± 21 kg) were blocked by body weight (BW) to pens with GrowSafe bunks and randomly assigned to dietary treatments (14 to 18 steers/treatment): 0 mg supplemental Cu/kg dry matter (DM; CON), 5 or 10 mg supplemental Cu/kg DM as Cu sulfate (CS5; CS10) or bis-glycinate bound Cu (GLY5; GLY10). Steers received a high antagonist growing diet (analyzed 4.9 mg Cu/kg DM, 0.48% S, and 5.3 mg Mo/kg DM). Steers were weighed at the beginning (days 1 and 0) and end (days 125 and 126) of the trial to determine average daily gain (ADG) and gain:feed (G:F). Blood was collected from all steers on days 0, 28, 56, 84, and 126. Liver samples were collected on days −3 or −2 and day 123 or 124. Data were analyzed using ProcMixed of SAS (experimental unit = steer; fixed effect = treatment and block). Plasma Cu was analyzed as repeated measures (repeated effect = day). Plasma and liver Cu concentrations were regressed against total Cu intake using ProcGLM to calculate relative bioavailability of GLY. Final BW and overall ADG were greatest for CS5 and CS10 and least for CON and GLY5 (P = 0.01). Overall, DMI was not affected by treatment (P = 0.14), but overall G:F tended to be greatest for CS5, CS10, and GLY5 and least for CON (P = 0.08). Total and supplemental Cu intake was greatest for steers supplemented either source at 10 mg Cu/kg DM and least for CON (P < 0.01). However, total and supplemental Cu intake was greater for CS5 than GLY5 (P < 0.01). Final liver Cu concentrations were greatest for CS10, least for CON, CS5, and CS10, and intermediate for GLY10 (P < 0.01). Final plasma Cu was greatest for steers supplemented either source at 10 mg Cu/kg DM (P < 0.01). Relative bioavailability of GLY was 82% compared to CS based on liver Cu (P < 0.01) but did not differ based on plasma Cu (P = 0.60). The lesser bioavailability of GLY relative to CS could be due to a high concentration of dietary antagonists and lower solubility of GLY (68.9% relative to CS) in pH conditions (5.2) similar to the ruminal pH of a beef animal consuming a high concentrate diet. Future studies should examine the effects of bis-glycinate bound Cu fed in blended combination with inorganic Cu sulfate to determine the most effective blend of sources for feedlot cattle experiencing varying amounts of dietary Cu antagonists.     

4个野生猕猴桃优良单株果实矿质元素含量分析

为挖掘云南省猕猴桃种质资源,对滇东及滇东北部分地区的野生猕猴桃资源进行了调查收集,在对资源果实进行感官评价、形态测定分析及总糖、总酸等鉴定分析基础上,筛选出4个优良单株,对优良单株开展了矿质元素含量比较分析.结果表明,优良单株DSG-2果实的磷、锌、铁、镁、钙、铜和钠含量均最高;XSD-1果实的磷、镁、钙、铜、钠和钾含...     

Effect of fertigation frequency on soil nitrogen distribution and tomato yield under alternate partial root-zone drip irrigation

Alternate partial root-zone drip fertigation (ADF) is a combination of alternating irrigation and drip fertigation, with the potential to save water and increase nitrogen (N) fertilizer efficiency.  A 2-year greenhouse experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of different fertigation frequencies on the distribution of soil moisture and nutrients and tomato yield under ADF.  The treatments included three ADF frequencies with intervals of 3 days (F3), 6 days (F6) and 12 days (F12), and conventional drip fertigation as a control (CK), which was fertilized once every 6 days.  For the ADF treatments, two drip tapes were placed 10 cm away on each side of the tomato row, and alternate drip irrigation was realized using a manual valve on the distribution tapes.  For the CK treatment, a drip tape was located close to the roots of the tomato plants.  The total N application rate of all treatments was 180 kg ha–1.  The total irrigation amounts applied to the CK treatment were 450.6 and 446.1 mm in 2019 and 2020, respectively; and the irrigation amounts applied to the ADF treatments were 60% of those of the CK treatment.   The F3 treatment resulted in water and N being distributed mainly in the 0–40-cm soil layer with less water and N being distributed in the 40–60-cm soil layer.  The F6 treatment led to 21.0 and 29.0% higher 2-year average concentration of mineral N in the 0–20 and 20–40-cm soil layer, respectively and a 23.0% lower N concentration in the 40–60-cm soil layer than in the CK treatment.  The 2-year average tomato yields of the F3, F6, F12, and CK treatments were 107.5, 102.6, 87.2, and 98.7 t ha–1, respectively.  The tomato yield of F3 was significantly higher (23.3%) than that in the F12 treatment, whereas there was no significant difference between the F3 and F6 treatment.  The F6 treatment resulted in yield similar to the CK treatment, indicating that ADF could maintain tomato yield with a 40% saving in water use.  Based on the distribution of water and N, and tomato yield, a fertigation frequency of 6 days under ADF should be considered as a water-saving strategy for greenhouse tomato production.