Nutrient digestibility studies in Heteropneustes fossilis (Bloch), Clarias batrachus (Linnaeus) and C. gariepinus (Burchell)

The apparent digestibility coefficient (ADC %) for protein in catfishes, Clarias batrachus (Linnaeus) (16–18 cm; 45–50 g), C. gariepinus (Burchell) (21–22 cm; 60–65 g) and Heteropneustes fossilis (Bloch) (10–12 cm; 10–15 g) was estimated for nine feedstuffs of plant and animal origin. Fat digestibility was tested for C. batrachus and C. gariepinus, wherein the influence of feeding frequency on protein digestibility was also examined. The digestibility trials were conducted with triplicate groups of 25 fish each in 70‐L polyvinyl indoor flow‐through (1–1.5 L min^?1) circular tanks (water volume=55 L). Fish were fed to satiation daily, at 08:00 and 18:00 hours, and faecal matter was collected through slow siphoning. For studying the effect of feeding frequency, fish were fed the experimental diets at 08:00, 11:00, 14:00 and 17:00 hours. The protein digestibility of the feedstuffs varied significantly within each test species. However, the protein digestibility values for most of the ingredients tested were comparable between the three catfish species. The most efficient utilization of protein in these fishes was noted for soybean meal followed by lab‐prepared fishmeal. The lowest protein digestibility was recorded for rice bran. Similarly, the utilization of fat from the feedstuffs was also significantly different within each of the two species, C. batrachus and C. gariepinus. Fat digestibility of feed ingredients was similar between the two species. With respect to the fat, soybean meal, lab‐prepared fishmeal, full‐fat soybean meal and dried fish were more efficiently utilized, while the lowest fat digestibility was obtained for rice bran. A marked decline in protein utilization was observed in the two species where the feeding frequency was increased from two to four times a day.     

超声波辅助提取白果粗脂肪

以自制白果粉为原料,分析了提取溶剂、粉料粒度、提取温度、超声波功率、料液比、提取时间及提取次数对白果出油率的影响。结果表明:石油醚(沸程60～90℃)是较适宜的提取溶剂,出油率为3.88%。最佳提取工艺为:白果粉粉碎度80目,提取温度25℃,超声波提取功率200 W,料液比1∶25(g/ml),每次提取时间40 min,提取次数2次。最优工艺条件下,出油率为3.86%,较索氏提取法,该工艺对白果粗脂肪的提取率为98.71%。     

正交设计法研究花生粗脂肪含量测定方法

以石油醚为浸提剂,选择浸提温度、浸提时间和淋洗时间3个因素,根据L9(34)正交设计表,用FOSS2050型脂肪测定仪对索氏提取法测定花生粗脂肪含量进行了研究。结果表明,淋洗时间对花生粗脂肪含量测定结果影响最大,其次是浸提时间;花生粗脂肪含量测定的最佳提取方案为浸提温度120℃、浸提时间80 min、淋洗时间30 min。     

乳酸菌培养液中活菌数与吸光度的关系研究

通过平板计数法测定脱脂乳为培养基的发酵液中乳酸菌的活菌数,并测其对应的吸光度,研究两者之间的相关关系。结果表明:在发酵过程中以脱脂乳为培养基的发酵液中乳酸菌的活菌数与吸光度之间呈线性相关关系。因此,通过测定发酵液的吸光度可以评定发酵乳制品中乳酸菌的活菌数。     

HPLC紫外法同时检测生鲜乳中环丙沙星和恩诺沙星残留

[目的]建立能同时检测环丙沙星和恩诺沙星残留的HPLC紫外检测法。[方法]采用10%三氯乙酸为提取液,直接从生鲜乳中提取环丙沙星和恩诺沙星,并进行HPLC检测。[结果]环丙沙星和恩诺沙星的最低检测限为5μg/L,在10~200μg/L浓度范围内呈良好的线性关系(r0.99),平均回收率为84%~112%,变异系数均小于5%。[结论]该方法不仅除蛋白和脂肪效果好,而且回收率较为理想,可以很好满足确证方法的要求,且重现性好。     

南极鱼类适应低温的分子进化研究进展

南大洋是地球上最冷的水域,水温常年在0℃以下,许多生物在南大洋降温过程中走向灭绝,而南极鱼亚目鱼类在南大洋逐渐变冷过程中快速进化,成为冰冻海域最繁盛的脊椎动物.随着越来越多的南极亚目鱼类基因组完成测序和分析,人们对这些鱼类在冰冻环境下生存和繁衍机制的认识也越来越深入和全面.本文从抗冻蛋白的起源、血液发生、抗过氧化机制、...     

乳糖不耐受与功能性液体乳——低乳糖奶

阐述了乳糖不耐受发病机理和世界病情现状。分析了防治乳糖不耐受的低乳糖奶物理、化学和酶法等生产工艺的优缺点。重点展望了酶法低乳糖奶的市场前景和发展趋势,以及改进产品工艺过程和改善产品风味,扩大牛奶消费人群。     

低血糖指数豆乳粉的研制及其血糖指数测定

以新鲜牛乳、无糖豆粉、大豆浓缩蛋白粉和低聚糖为主要原料,研究开发低血糖指数豆乳粉,确定其生产工艺及产品配方,临床测定其血糖指数。试验结果表明,研制开发的低血糖指数豆乳粉的感官指标、理化指标以及卫生指标均符合国家相关标准,经临床验证,血糖指数仅为47.1,属于低血糖指数食品。     

发酵紫薯冻干粉的研制及其在低糖低脂奶片中的应用

以紫薯为主要原料制备发酵紫薯冻干粉,以感官评分为考察指标,通过响应面法确定紫薯发酵的最佳工艺参数,并以发酵紫薯冻干粉为主要原料之一,添加脱脂奶粉和菊糖制作低糖低脂发酵紫薯奶片,通过电子鼻对低糖低脂发酵紫薯奶片及普通低脂紫薯奶片进行特征风味物质分析。结果表明,发酵紫薯冻干粉最佳制作工艺为：紫薯发酵时间9.5 h,发酵温度37.6 ℃,混合发酵剂添加量7.6%,料液比9∶14（g/mL）,该工艺条件下生产的产品感官品质最高。电子鼻分析结果表明,发酵前后奶片的风味成分差别较大,不同工艺配方制作的紫薯奶片挥发性成分差异明显,添加菊糖和白砂糖对紫薯发酵奶片风味第一主成分影响极小,说明菊糖可以替代白砂糖加入到发酵紫薯奶片中,该研究能够为低糖奶片的生产研发以及紫薯深加工提供新思路。     

七彩山鸡腹脂与皮下脂肪、肌脂率、肝脂率的关系

在相同的条件下,饲养80羽公七彩山鸡和120羽母七彩山鸡,并于10周龄屠宰测定其腹脂、腹脂率和颈部、胸部、腿部皮下脂肪重;用乙醚抽提法测定了腿肌、胸肌、肝脏的含脂率。结果表明：腹脂重、腹胀率与腿部、胸部、颈部皮下脂肪呈显著的正相关（P＜0．05或P＜0．01）;而腹脂重、腹胀率、皮下脂肪重与腿肌、胸肌含脂率的相关性不显著（P＞0.05）;而与肝脏含脂率表现为显著的正相关（P＜0.05或P＜0.01）。