Site‐specific management is crucial to managing Mikania micrantha

Increasingly, weeds have been taking on global distributions. With the proliferation of invasive weeds has come the challenge of managing these species over broad geographical regions, with diverse habitats and political jurisdictions. Here, we review the management of Mikania micrantha Kunth (Asteraceae; mile‐a‐minute) throughout its invaded range, extending through most of the Pacific islands and southern and south‐east Asia. Context matters when determining the best course of action for managing M. micrantha, as it has invaded a large variety of agricultural and natural systems. In Queensland, Australia and Florida, USA, M. micrantha has been targeted in relatively successful eradication campaigns, highlighting the importance of early detection and rapid response methods, while elsewhere in its invaded range, populations are either still increasing or showing limited signs of decline. An inter‐regional approach to research and management should incorporate successful management strategies employed throughout the invaded range including, but not limited to, chemical and cultural control practices, manual and mechanical control, classical biological control using the rust fungus Puccinia spegazzinii, plant–plant competition and integrated approaches utilising two or more control methods concurrently. Additional knowledge of M. micrantha genetics is required to determine if management approaches could be fine‐tuned for particular populations. Countries bordering the Mekong River formed a network in 2011 to co‐ordinate the management of invasive species such as M. micrantha. Expanding such a collaborative approach to other regions could further reduce populations of M. micrantha and limit its spread.     

不同光照条件对脱镁叶绿酸钠光敏抑菌活性的影响

脱镁叶绿酸钠是叶绿素代谢中间产物脱镁叶绿酸a的水溶性钠盐,具有良好的光敏抑菌活性。为探索光照条件对其抑菌活性的影响,采用菌丝生长速率法,研究在不同光照度、光波长及光照时间条件下,脱镁叶绿酸钠对忽视拟盘多毛孢Pestalotiopsis neglecta的抑制作用。结果表明:20 mg/mL的脱镁叶绿酸钠在照度为2 000 lx的白光照射下对菌丝生长的抑制率为83.7%,在黑暗条件下抑制率为77.0%,表明光照对脱镁叶绿酸钠抑菌活性有显著影响 (P < 0.05);此外,白光的效果好于单色光;光照度及光照时间对抑菌活性也有显著影响,其中当照度为16 000 lx且光照时间为24 h时抑菌作用最强。     

Up-regulation of miR-181a attenuates releases of CSE-induced pro-inflammatory factors and expression of collagen IV,fibronectin and α-SMA in human bronchial epithelial cells

AIM: To investigate the effect and potential mechanism of microRNA-181a (miR-181a) on cigarette smoke extract (CSE)-induced the productions of pro-inflammatory factors and the expression of collagen IV, fibronectin and α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) in human bronchial epithelial cells (HBECs). METHODS: CSE-induced miR-181a expression was detected by RT-qPCR in the HBECs. After tansfected with miR-181a mimic, the releases of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), IL-6 and transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) were measured by ELISA, the protein expression of collagen IV, fibronectin and α-SMA was determined by Western blot. The activation of NF-κB/TGF-β1/Smad3 pathway was also evaluated by Western blot. RESULTS: CSE increased the levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 and TGF-β1 and the expression of collagen IV, fibronectin and α-SMA, and decreased the expression of miR-181a in the HBECs (P<0.05). However, transfected with miR-181a mimic partially prevented the releases of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 and TGF-β1, and inhibited the expression of collagen IV, fibronectin and α-SMA (P<0.05). Additionally, the activation of NF-κB/TGF-β1/Smad3 evoked by CSE was attenuated after transfected with miR-181a mimic. CONCLUSION: Up-regulation of miR-181a prevents the releases of CSE-induced pro-inflammatory factors and expression of collagen IV, fibronectin and α-SMA in the HBECs, and its mechanism may be related to the inhibition of NF-κB/TGF-β1/Smad3 pathway.     

骑跨式机架的随机振动疲劳分析

为了提高矮化密植红枣收获机的工作性能,以骑跨式机架为研究对象,建立有限元模型。对机架进行模态分析,得出机架的固有频率与振型,并与各激励频率范围比较,可知机架的固有频率仍在发动机的激振频率范围之内。为避免机架产生共振,在发动机安装位置添加弹性元件,对机架采用减振方案的谐响应分析,计算得出应力、变形量变化曲线。结合机架结构材料的S-N曲线和线性累积损伤理论,对机架进行疲劳分析,验证机架的可靠性。研究结果表明:减振方案的谐响应分析使机架的最大变形量由2.977mm变到0.358mm,减小了87.974%,明显改善了机架的振动特性;在激振载荷的作用下对添加减振元件前后的机架分别计算疲劳寿命,得出添加减振元件后机架的疲劳寿命为1.84×10~8次,高于1.0×10~6次,满足机架疲劳强度设计要求。     

子女性别对农民工外地务工决策的影响——基于中国劳动力动态调查数据的经验分析

农村改革使劳动力流动的障碍得以消除,农村劳动力不断向城市流动。外地务工反映了农民工务工地决策中的地点选择,对其研究有助于在微观层面了解农民工流动的倾向及其内在原因。利用2014年和2016年中国劳动力动态调查数据,运用最小二乘法和工具变量回归方法,分析子女性别差异对农民工外地务工的影响。结果表明,外地务工的农民工收入相对更高,同时家中拥有儿子的农民工更可能选择外地务工。第一胎为男孩将显著提高农民工外地务工的概率,从子女所处成长阶段看,当子女处于婴幼儿和接受义务教育阶段时,子女性别对农民工外地务工影响较小;而当子女处于婚配阶段时,生养儿子将显著提高农民工外地务工的可能性;当子女家庭趋于稳定之后,子女性别的影响不再显著。研究表明,男孩偏好观念对子女性别的影响具有协同作用;当子女处于婚配阶段时,助儿购/建房是农民工外地务工的原因之一。因此,提出营造男女平等的社会环境;积极落实与二胎政策相关的配套政策;进一步推进城乡一体化发展等建议。     

茶树叶绿素合成相关基因克隆及在白叶1号不同白化阶段的表达

高等植物叶绿素的生物合成对其正常光合作用起关键作用。本文根据前期芯片杂交结果, 采用RT-PCR和RACE技术克隆了3个茶树叶绿素合成相关基因, 分别为谷氨酸-tRNA还原酶(CsGluTR)、叶绿素合酶(CsChlS)、叶绿素酸醋氧化酶(CsCAO), 对应的GenBank的登录号为HQ660371、HQ660370、HQ660369。序列分析表明, CsGluTR基因全长2165 bp, 开放阅读框长1665 bp, 编码554个氨基酸, 推测的蛋白分子量约为60.6 kD, 理论等电点为8.78;CsChlS基因全长1463 bp, 其中开放阅读框长1125 bp, 编码374个氨基酸, 推测的蛋白分子量约为40.5 kD, 理论等电点为8.58;CsCAO基因全长2146 bp, 其中开放阅读框长1611 bp, 编码536个氨基酸, 推测的蛋白分子量约为60.8 kD, 理论等电点为8.03。比对分析表明, 3个基因编码的氨基酸序列与其他植物中同源基因的相似性均在70%以上。利用荧光定量PCR技术检测3个基因在不同白化阶段的表达,表明, CsChlS和CsCAO基因具有明显的表达协同性, 它们在叶片中的表达量与叶片的颜色变化高度同步;而CsGluTR在白化叶片和正常叶片中的表达差异相对较小, 同时在新生芽叶转绿过程中最先恢复正常表达水平。说明在白化叶片中, 叶绿素的合成机制受到较大影响, 叶绿素合成受阻导致的叶片内色素类物质含量降低或消失是叶片白化的直接原因。     

基于小型电磁振动式小麦播种机的UG仿真

针对传统小型小麦播种机的缺点,设计了一种小型电磁振动式小麦播种机。该播种机具有播种质量高、速度快、安全系数大、播种成本低、适应不同田间要求,以及能有效减少能耗等特点。该机田间作业时,可以将开沟、播种、平土一次完成,大大简化了小麦播种时的生产流程,有利于进一步提高播种效率,解放生产力。为此,介绍了小型电磁振动式小麦播种机的整体构造和工作原理,并运用三维软件UG进行运动学分析,真实再现了小型电磁振动式小麦播种机新型开沟器的工作状况。结果表明:小型电磁振动式小麦播种机新型开沟器能够满足工作需求。经过进一步地改进和研究,此机将在播种小麦方面有较大的发展前景,同时对各种开沟器的研制也具有启迪作用。     

猪排泄地点选择及其对圈栏污染程度的影响

该文论述了影响猪排泄地点的选择和圈栏内污染程度的各种环境(温度、湿度、光、气流速度、垫草)、设备布局(圈栏尺寸、形状、设备相对位置、隔栏方式)、管理(调教、喂料)等因素,并对评价圈栏内污染程度的方法进行探讨。旨在指导科学布置圈栏,将圈栏设计成长窄形,漏缝地板设在短向一侧;并尽量育成和育肥分开饲养,避免在育成阶段饲养面积偏大;通过工程手段实现漏缝地板处和躺卧区在温度和气流速度上的差异,以实现猪群在局部漏缝地板排泄。在生产管理中,避免饲养密度过大;通过通风系统控制圈栏内的温度以及空气污染;转群时进行调教,喂料有规律并对疾病进行及时诊断和治疗,都能降低圈栏污染程度,以实现真正意义的清洁生产。     

搞好广安水土保持大示范区建设的几点认识

广安市在水土保持工作中 ,克服过去水保部门单打一的做法 ,把与生态环境建设相关的项目全部纳入“长治”工程大示范区建设范围 ,打好总体战。同时 ,把水保工程作为农、林、牧产业化和旅游发展的基础 ,以水保工程促进产业开发 ,以产业开发巩固水保成果 ,使得水保工程取得了显著的社会、经济、生态效益     

PLC在节能型日光温室温度监控系统中的应用

利用收集验证完善得到的PPI协议实现了上位机对PLC的监控,将西门子S7—200PLC与各个控制节点相连,上位机通过控制PLC来实现自动和手动控制各个节点,以实现节能型日光温室温度监控系统的自动化。