卵巢癌3种蛋白的表达及其与化疗耐药性的关系

培养13个卵巢癌细胞系，提取癌细胞蛋白，采用Western印迹法观察NFkB家族蛋白、P53和MDM2的表达，并用四氮唑盐法药敏试验观察与卵巢癌细胞化疗耐药性关系。结果表明：①P65、P50及IKB在胞浆内表达阳性率分别为76．9％、81．8％、84．6％，P65、P50在胞核内表达阳性率分别为15．3％、45．5％，MDM2蛋白表达阳性率为38．5％，P53表达阳性率为46．1％。②2个卵巢癌细胞株P65表达阳性，其IC50显示为明显高值。在MDM2表达阳性的5个卵巢癌细胞株,其中4株IC50显示为高值，P53表达阳性与阴性的卵巢癌细胞中IC50值无明显变化规律。由此说明P65、P50和MDM2与卵巢癌细胞的发生，发展有关；卵巢癌细胞NFkB和MDM2蛋白的表达存在一致性，且两者过度表达与化疗的耐药性有关；NFkB可望成为判断卵巢癌化疗预后新的标志物。     

支气管动脉灌注化疗结合手术治疗中央型肺癌

目的:总结5 6例中央型肺癌支气管动脉灌注化疗结合手术治疗经验。方法:对5 6例中央型肺癌进行支气管动脉灌注ADM(阿霉素)、MMC(丝裂霉素)、CDDP(顺铂)或CBP(卡铂) 1个月,然后进行剖胸探查术,行肺叶切除或支气管肺叶袖状切除术切除癌肿及纵膈淋巴结。结果:介入治疗1个月后,胸部CT影像学上癌肿缩小4 0 %～5 0 %者2 8例(5 0 .0 % ) ,缩小2 0 %～39%者2 0例(35 .7% ) ,缩小<2 0 %者8例(14 .3% )。对5 2例(92 .9% )行肺叶切除或支气管肺叶袖状切除术切除癌肿及纵膈淋巴结。术后并发胸腔感染、切口感染、肺部感染各1例。术后2 a生存率为75 .0 %。结论:外科手术仍是治疗肺癌的首选方法。对中央型肺癌先行支气管动脉介入治疗,待肿瘤缩小后再进行手术,能提高手术的切除率,也能减少全肺切除,从而提高生活质量和生存率。     

Comparison of chemotherapeutic drug resistance in cells transfected with canine ABCG2 or feline ABCG2

ABCG2 (ATP binding cassette subfamily G, member 2) mediates resistance to a variety of cytotoxic agents. Although human ABCG2 is well characterized, the function of canine ABCG2 has not been studied previously. Feline ABCG2 has an amino acid substitution in the adenosine triphosphate‐binding domain that decreases its transport capacity relative to human ABCG2. Our goal was to compare canine ABCG2‐mediated chemotherapeutic drug resistance to feline ABCG2‐mediated chemotherapeutic drug resistance. HEK‐293 cells stably transfected with plasmid containing canine ABCG2, feline ABCG2 or no ABCG2 were exposed to carboplatin, doxorubicin, mitoxantrone, toceranib or vincristine, and cell survival was subsequently determined. Canine ABCG2 conferred a greater degree of chemotherapy resistance than feline ABCG2 for mitoxantrone. Neither canine nor feline ABCG2 conferred resistance to doxorubicin, vincristine or toceranib. Canine, but not feline, ABCG2 conferred resistance to carboplatin, a drug that is not reported to be a substrate for ABCG2 in other species.     

Development of a questionnaire assessing health-related quality-of-life in dogs and cats with cancer

Health-related quality-of-life (HRQoL) has been studied extensively in human medicine. There is currently no standard HRQoL evaluation for veterinary oncology patients. The aim of this study was to assess the practicality, usefulness and robustness, from a pet owner and clinician perspective, of a questionnaire for the assessment of HRQoL in canine and feline cancer patients. A HRQoL assessment entitled 'Cancer Treatment Form' and two questionnaires entitled 'Owner Minitest' and 'Clinician Minitest' were designed. The first and second were completed by owners of patients presenting to a veterinary oncology referral service and the third by attending clinicians. The 'Cancer Treatment Form' was well received by owners and clinicians and provided a valuable assessment of HRQoL with 98% (82/84) of owners reporting an accurate reflection of their pet's quality-of-life. Following this, minor improvements to the form could be suggested prior to regular use in evaluation of clinical oncology patients.     

Experience gained in immunotherapy from the immunopharmacology of BCG leading to a second generation of systemic immunity adjuvants

Even after using the first arms against tumour (surgery and radiotherapy) 70% of solid tumours reappear. Chemotherapy cannot eliminate ‘the last cell’. Specific and/or non specific immunotherapy helps the organism to eliminate the last cells by stimulating its immune capacity.

The different generations of adjuvants, agents of immunotherapy were studied successively. BCG belongs to the first generation of adjuvants. We considered its association with specific immunotherapy (of irradiated tumour cells) and/or chemotherapy (cyclophosphamide), then we analysed the problems of dose and the ways of administration, advantages and disadvantages (stimulation of suppressor cells).

Second generation of adjuvant (Corynebacterium parvum, nucleotids and levamisole) allowed to specify the parameters of the efficiency of adjuvants. They have the same disadvantages as BCG.

Finally the third generation share the following characteristics: their side-effects will be minimal (they will not induce suppressor cells), their action will be limited to stimulate one population of cells only and they will be well defined chemical compounds. Thymosin, Bestatin and MDP belong to this generation. Combinations of adjuvants may also be envisaged with the objective of stimulating a particular mechanism of antitumoural activity.     

The use of low‐dose metronomic chemotherapy in dogs—insight into a modern cancer field

The era of chemotherapy, which started in the middle of the last century, has been ruled by the routine use of dose‐intense protocols, based on the “maximum‐tolerated dose” concept. By promoting a balance between patient's quality of life and the goal of rapidly killing as many tumour cells as possible, these protocols still play a prominent role in veterinary oncology. However, with the opening of a new millennium, metronomic chemotherapy (MC) started to be considered a possible alternative to traditional dose‐intense chemotherapy. Characterized by a long‐term daily administration of lower doses of cytotoxic drugs, this new modality stands out for its unique combination of effects, namely on neovascularization, immune response and tumour dormancy. This article reviews the rationale for treatment with MC, its mechanism of action and the main studies conducted in veterinary medicine, and discusses the key challenges yet to be solved.     

MTT法检测肿瘤细胞生长及药敏的影响因素探讨

本文对ＭＴＴ法检测肿瘤细胞生长增殖及存活与药敏的某些影响因素进行了分析，结果表明，在每孔Ｋ＿（５６２）细胞为５×１０￣３（浓度为５×１０￣４／ｍｌ）、药物作用时间４８ｈ、ＭＴＴ１０μｌ作用４ｈ、调零孔为ＲＰＭＩ１６４０培养液、单波长５７０ｎｍ处测ＯＤ值时，实验效果较好，各种肿瘤及正常细胞因生长繁殖能力不相同，每一种细胞最适细胞数可不相同。     

犬黑色素瘤治疗研究进展

犬黑色素瘤是一种恶变率和转移率高的肿瘤,且多发生于口腔,由于疾病发展迅速,如果不尽早治疗,在疾病发展后期,患犬的生存期和生存质量会显著下降。另一方面,现有临床传统肿瘤治疗方法,如手术、化疗及放疗,对于犬黑色素瘤的治疗效果不尽如人意,且在实际应用中受限。论文通过结合人医和兽医黑色素瘤的研究进展,对目前关于犬黑色素瘤的免疫疗法、靶向治疗、细胞因子和溶瘤病毒等新型治疗方法进行总结及分析,期望能够对我国小动物临床应用和科研工作有所启发。