茯苓水提液对小鼠学习记忆的影响

目的研究中药茯苓水提液对小鼠学习记忆的影响．方法通过跳台法观察茯苓水提液对东莨菪碱所致记忆获得障碍模型小鼠和30％乙醇所致记忆再现障碍模型小鼠的影响．结果1）茯苓水提液能减少东莨菪碱所致记忆获得障碍模型小鼠5min内学习及记忆实验的错误次数,延长潜伏期,P＜0．05,P＜0．01,差异有统计学意义．2）茯苓水提液能减少30％乙醇所致记忆再现障碍模型小鼠测试实验中5rain内错误次数,延长潜伏期,P＜0．05,P＜0．01,差异有统计学意义．结论茯苓水提液能改善化学药物所致学习记忆障碍模型小鼠的学习记忆能力．     

中年CD-1小鼠情景样记忆能力下降

利用3次物体探索任务检测13月龄和5月龄CD-1小鼠的情景样记忆能力。结果表明,13月龄CD-1小鼠探索移动过的旧物体优先指数显著低于5月龄小鼠(P0.05),但两组间对2个旧物体的优先指数及总探索时间均无显著性差异,性别及年龄与性别的交互作用对这些指标均无显著性影响(Ps0.05)。结果提示中年CD-1小鼠已存在情景样记忆能力减退,且主要源自于"地点"要素。     

生活经验与工作记忆容量对条件推理的影响

选取5种条件命题的4种推理形式作为实验材料,采用经典的OSPAN任务测得被试的工作记忆容量,考察了生活经验与工作记忆容量对条件推理的影响.研究表明:生活经验会决定问题空间的表征,从而影响条件推理过程;工作记忆容量对条件推理没有影响;生活经验和工作记忆容量没有交互作用.此外,研究还表明在条件推理中,人们倾向于使用启发式策略,较少用到分析式策略.     

采用双任务范式使被试将工作记忆信息保存在工作记忆当中并完成选择性注意任务,结果发现:视觉空间工作记忆负荷不能使熟悉面孔的干扰效应消失,语义工作记忆负荷使熟悉面孔的干扰效应在高知觉负荷条件下消失.因此,熟悉面孔在高知觉负荷条件下可能是以语义的方式存储在工作记忆当中,在低知觉负荷条件下可能是同时存储在视觉空间工作记忆和语义工作记忆中.

采用双任务范式使被试将工作记忆信息保存在工作记忆当中并完成选择性注意任务,结果发现:视觉空间工作记忆负荷不能使熟悉面孔的干扰效应消失,语义工作记忆负荷使熟悉面孔的干扰效应在高知觉负荷条件下消失.因此,熟悉面孔在高知觉负荷条件下可能是以语义的方式存储在工作记忆当中,在低知觉负荷条件下可能是同时存储在视觉空间工作记忆和语义工作记忆中.     

Making Tropical Succession and Landscape Reforestation Successful

Forests are dynamic ecosystems, spatial mosaics of localized disturbances and regenerating vegetation. Following forest conversion to human land uses, expanding forest cover follows four different modes of reforestation: (a) spontaneous natural regeneration; (b) assisted natural regeneration; (c) agroforestry; and (d) commercial tree plantations. Natural regeneration fundamentally depends on the alignment of ecological and social factors at landscape scales. A deeper socioecological understanding of reforestation in the tropics will lead to the development of effective policies and governance structures that enhance forest cover and ecosystem services, protect biodiversity, and improve forest-dependent livelihoods.     

Clinical feasibility of cognitive testing in dogs (Canis lupus familiaris)

Several cognitive tests have been developed to evaluate specific aspects of human and animal learning and memory. These tests have been used for early detection of cognitive deficits and to monitor the treatment of dogs with cognitive impairment. Thus, this article evaluated the feasibility of cognitive tests for use in canine neurology clinical routines and the suitability of the different tests to accomplish this aim. Fifteen healthy adult dogs were used for the cognitive tests of reward approach learning, object approach learning, object discrimination learning, reversal learning, delayed non-matched to position, and delayed non-matched to sample to assess different aspects of memory. No difference was observed between tests of delayed non-matched to position (3.13 ± 2.23 days) and delayed non-matched to sample (3.20 ± 2.40 days) (P = 0.944). However, dogs had greater difficulty in reversal learning (8.47 ± 2.61 days) than in object discrimination learning (4.60 ± 1.64 days) (P ≤ 0.001). Based on the tests performed, the delayed non-matched to position test may be performed in clinical routine if the owner and the veterinarian have time available, because this test is sensitive to evaluate dogs with cognitive impairments, but requires approximately 10 days of training. Thus, elderly dogs are excellent experimental models to study pathological aging based on their similarities with some human brain diseases, such as Alzheimer disease.     

Deficits of learning and memory in Hemojuvelin knockout mice

Iron is involved in various physiological processes of the human body to maintain normal functions. Abnormal iron accumulation in brain has been reported as a pathogenesis of several neurodegenerative disorders and cognitive impairments. Hemojuvelin (HVJ) is a membrane-bound and soluble protein in mammals that is responsible for the iron overload condition known as juvenile hemochromatosis. Although iron accumulation in brain has been related to neurodegenerative diseases, it remains unknown the effect of mutation of HVJ gene on cognitive performance. In our studies, HJV(−/−) mice showed deficits in novel object recognition and Morris water maze tests. Furthermore, the expression ration of apoptotic marker Bax and anti-apoptotic marker Bcl-2 in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex showed higher levels in HJV(−/−) mice. Our results suggested that deletion of HJV gene could increase apoptosis in brain which might contribute to learning and memory deficits in mutant mice. These results indicated that HJV(−/−) mice would be a useful model to study cognitive impairment induced by iron overload in brain.     

论张爱玲《传奇》中的母性批判

张爱玲的小说中出现的母亲大多是有悖于伦理常识的形象,她们构成张爱玲式的"巫母群像",这种母亲形象表现出张爱玲对传统母性观的批判。此倾向的形成,与张爱玲对其母亲的情绪记忆密切相关。同时,张爱玲对母性的批判也暗含着她对女性及人性层面的理性思考与感性期待。     

神经系统中心理信息运作过程和机理

生命的本能是能够把非实体信息转换成实体信息,并以此主动地支配和调节生命主体的行为,这应该就是生命奥秘的关键。心理信息内容作为实体信息被直接固化到神经子网络系统中,该实体信息能够完全替代外来信息表现心理内容。神经系统能够在心理信息运行的过程中自然而然地形成必要的记忆,人体内的精巧机制能够控制心理信息有目的地运行。     

主成分分析和长短时记忆神经网络预测水产养殖水体溶解氧

为了提高水产养殖溶解氧预测的精度,提出了基于主成分分析(principal component analysis,PCA)和长短时记忆神经网络(long short-term memory,LSTM)的水产养殖溶解氧预测模型。首先通过主成分分析提取水产养殖溶解氧的关键影响因子,消除了原始变量之间的相关性,降低了模型输入向量维度;然后,在Tensorflow深度学习框架的基础上建立LSTM神经网络的水产养殖溶解氧预测模型;最后,利用该模型对浙江省淡水水产养殖研究所综合实验基地某池塘溶解氧进行验证。试验结果表明:该模型与BP神经网络等其他浅层模型相比,模型评价指标平均绝对误差、均方根误差和平均绝对误差分别为0.274、0.089和0.147,均优于传统的预测方法;该模型具有良好的预测性能和泛化能力,能够满足水产养殖溶解氧精确预测的实际需要,可以为水产养殖水质精准调控提供参考。