牛边缘无浆体病原学研究进展

边缘无浆体病是由边缘无浆体引起的一种严重危害牛养殖业的传染病。本文概述了边缘无浆体病原形态学、分类学、体外培养以及种系发生关系的研究现状,并总结了近年来对边缘无浆体主要表面蛋白（MSPs）的基因调控机理和病原表面蛋白的研究进展。     

基于乌金猪深度发掘的优质高效新品种选育

目的揭示宣和猪PRKAG3基因外显子5多态性及其与肉质性状的关联。方法采用PCR产物直接测序法检测了120头宣和猪PRKAG3基因外显子5区域的SNP位点,借助最小二乘模型分析了各位点不同基因型及合并基因型对6个肉质性状的影响。结果宣和猪PRKAG3基因外显子5区域检出3个SNP位点,包括2个同义突变位点(T579C、T580C)和1个错义突变位点(G595A),分别以TT、TT、GA基因型和T、T、G等位基因的频率最高,且都处于Hardy-Weinberg平衡状态。T579C、T580C位点的TT和TC基因型可显著提高大理石纹(P<0.05)和降低失水率(P<0.01),分别呈显著的加性效应及加性—显性效应(P<0.05或P<0.01);G595A位点的AA基因型失水率最低(P<0.05)、熟肉率最高(P<0.05),呈显著的加性效应(P<0.05);3个位点的合并基因型TTTTGG、TCTCGG和TTTTAA分别具有最高的大理石纹、pH₁和最低的失水率(P<0.05或P<0.01),CCCCGG基因型的大理石纹和pH₁最低、失水率最高(P<0.05或P<0.01)。结论研究结果进一步确认宣和猪PRKAG3基因外显子5多态性与肌肉大理石纹、pH值和失水率显著关联,T579C、T580C位点的CC基因型和G595A位点的GG基因型具有协同降低猪肉品质的效应。     

苹果砧木M26试管苗不定根发育过程中蛋白质的变化

为进一步了解木本植物不定根发生、发育的机理,对苹果砧木M26试管苗不定根的发生、发育过程进行解剖观察,利用十二烷基磺酸钠聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳(SDS-PAGE)对M26试管苗在接入生根培养基前后,不同时期表达的蛋白进行了研究。结果发现:在不定根原基形成和发育的阶段性过程中,茎基部蛋白质的种类和数量出现明显差异。生根培养后,在继代苗茎基部表达的5条蛋白条带减弱或消失,其分子量分别为26.8 kDa、37kDa、40.3 kDa、43 kDa和66 kDa;明显表达了4条新的蛋白条带,其分子量分别为26 kDa、27.7 kDa、32.5 kDa、和45 kDa,同时有4条蛋白条带(38.5 kDa、42 kDa、53.2 kDa和55.5 kDa)其表达丰度提高。多种蛋白条带的消失和出现,可作为M26试管苗不定根产生的生化标志。在不定根原基逐步形成发育的同时,有3条蛋白条带的表达丰度也逐步提高,可作为不定根形成过程表达的特异标记蛋白带。     

Thyroid imaging in the dog: current status and future directions

This review describes the advantages and disadvantages of radiography, ultrasonography, and nuclear medicine in the 2 most frequent thyroid pathologies of the dog: acquired primary hypothyroidism and thyroid neoplasia. Ultrasonography and scintigraphy remain the 2 most indicated imaging modalities for these thyroid abnormalities. However, as in human medicine, computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging also have potential indications. This is especially the case in the evaluation of the extent, local invasiveness, and local or distant metastases of thyroid neoplasia. Based on experience with different imaging modalities in people, we suggest future directions in the imaging of the canine thyroid gland.     

Ameliorative Effects of Oyster Protein Hydrolysates on Cadmium-Induced Hepatic Injury in Mice

Cadmium (Cd) is a widespread environmental toxicant that can cause severe hepatic injury. Oyster protein hydrolysates (OPs) have potential effects on preventing liver disease. In this study, thirty mice were randomly divided into five groups: the control, Cd, Cd + ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA, 100 mg/kg), and low/high dose of OPs-treatment groups (100 mg/kg or 300 mg/kg). After continuous administration for 7 days, the ameliorative effect of OPs on Cd-induced acute hepatic injury in Cd-exposed mice was assessed. The results showed that OPs significantly improved the liver function profiles (serum ALT, AST, LDH, and ALP) in Cd-exposed mice. Histopathological analysis showed that OPs decreased apoptotic bodies, hemorrhage, lymphocyte accumulation, and inflammatory cell infiltration around central veins. OPs significantly retained the activities of SOD, CAT, and GSH-Px, and decreased the elevated hepatic MDA content in Cd-exposed mice. In addition, OPs exhibited a reductive effect on the inflammatory responses (IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α) and inhibitory effects on the expression of inflammation-related proteins (MIP-2 and COX-2) and the ERK/NF-κB signaling pathway. OPs suppressed the development of hepatocyte apoptosis (Bax, caspase-3, and Blc-2) and the activation of the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway in Cd-exposed mice. In conclusion, OPs ameliorated the Cd-induced hepatic injury by inhibiting oxidative damage and inflammatory responses, as well as the development of hepatocyte apoptosis via regulating the ERK/NF-κB and PI3K/AKT-related signaling pathways.     

Effect of cutting height and frequency on Leucaena leucocephala forage and wood production

Abstract

Leucaena leucocephala is a fast‐growing tree that can provide both high quality forage and firewood. The objective of this trial was to determine the optimum height and frequency of cutting for both wood and forage production. Cutting heights at 0.3 m, 0.6 m and 1.0 m were superimposed on 3‐month and 6‐month cutting frequencies on mature rows of L. leucocephala for three years. Effects of year or its interaction with the other factors were not significant (P≥0.10). There was an increase (P=0.07) in wood production but not forage production (P≥0.10) with the longer interval. Cutting height had an effect on forage (P<0.001) production, with 5.47 t ha^?1 a^?1 for the 0.3‐m height, 7.62 t ha^?1 a^?1 for the 0.7‐m height, and 8.71 t ha^?1 a^?1 for the 1.0‐m height. Cutting height also had an effect on wood production (P<0.001), with 7.22 t hd^?1 a^?1 for the 0.3‐m height, 9.33 t ha^?1 a^?1 for the 0.7‐mheight, and 11.55 t hd^?1 a^?1 for the 1.0‐m height. In this experiment, the six‐month interval produced more wood than the three‐month interval, but there were no differences in quantity of forage dry matter in L. leucocephala; there were advantages in both wood and forage production with the taller trunk base.     

棉花纤维突变体胚珠发育过程中主要生化物质的积累特征

采用4种不同类型的棉花纤维突变体和一个正常对照TM-1,分析比较了胚珠发育过程中,纤维和种皮内纤维素,种仁内脂肪、可溶性糖和蛋白质等成份的积累特征及诸成份与纤维素含量的相关关系.结果表明,棉花纤维突变体的胚珠不仅生化物质动态变化有着较大的差异,而且其生化物质的组成差异也很大.纤维突变体的纤维素含量低,种仁蛋白质含量低,脂肪含量高.纤维素含量与种仁内脂肪含量呈显著或极显著正相关;与纤维可溶性糖,纤维蛋白质有显著的相关性,呈显著负相关.     

假俭草抗寒性与体内碳水化合物、脯氨酸、可溶性蛋白含量的关系

为了阐述假俭草(Eremochloa ophiuroides(Munro.)Hack.)的抗寒性与碳水化合物、脯氨酸、可溶性蛋白含量季节动态变化之间的关系,于2008年10月-2009年5月,研究了在自然温度变化过程中,假俭草E126匍匐茎中碳水化合物、脯氨酸、可溶性蛋白的季节性动态变化及其与半致死温度(LT₅₀)变化的关系。结果表明:在越冬前后假俭草E126匍匐茎LT₅₀呈现先降低后升高的季节变化趋势,可溶性总糖、蔗糖、果糖含量,可溶性总糖淀粉比率以及脯氨酸含量伴随田间气温变化均呈现先升高后降低的趋势,可溶性蛋白、淀粉含量则呈现出先降低又升高的趋势。假俭草E126匍匐茎LT₅₀季节变化与可溶性总糖、蔗糖、果糖含量,可溶性总糖淀粉比率季节变化之间存在极显著负相关(P<0.01),而与淀粉含量、脯氨酸含量、可溶性蛋白含量的季节变化间相关性不显著。因此,可溶性总糖含量、蔗糖含量、果糖含量、可溶性总糖淀粉比率对其冬季抗寒性增强有重要作用。     

复方中药体外抗猪衣原体活性研究

应用微量Vero细胞培养法,检测复方中药的体外抗衣原体活性,为防治猪衣原体病提供依据。结果表明,复方中药的MIC值是39.06mg/mL,随着中药浓度升高,包涵体的体积缩小、数量减少,直至消失,对照组未见中药对Vero细胞有毒性作用。试验结果显示,复方中药体外对猪衣原体有抗菌活性。