不同施肥措施对休宁土壤Cd形态的影响与蔬菜富集特性的研究

[目的]研究不同施肥措施对休宁土壤Cd形态的影响与蔬菜富集特性。[方法]通过盆栽试验,研究了鸡粪、改良剂和外源Cd对体宁菜园土中重金属Cd形态的影响与蔬菜富集特性。[结果]结果表明,施入鸡粪可降低土壤中可交换态Cd和铁锰氧化态Cd的含量,增加了土壤中的碳酸盐态Cd和有机物结合态Cd含量。改良剂可提高土壤中可交换态Cd和碳酸盐态Cd的含量。外源Cd进入到土壤中主要以可交换态、碳酸盐态和铁锰氧化物结合态存在。萝卜、白菜和辣椒的可食用部分对土壤Cd的富集能力为：白菜〉萝卜≈辣椒,转移系数为白菜〉萝卜〉辣椒。[结论]在农业生产上,可在土壤中添加有机肥和无机改良剂减少蔬菜时重金属Cd的吸收积累。在重金属Cd含量高的土壤中应避免种植富集能力极强的蔬菜品种。     

类圆果实图像的分离测量算法研究

以桃子的二值图像为例,针对相互接触的类圆果实进行了分离测量算法研究。结果表明,该算法较好地实现了类圆果实的分离与测量。     

作物叶面积测量的研究进展

对作物叶面积测量理论和方法进行梳理,综述了基于单叶叶面积、单株叶面积、群体叶面积3个维度进行叶面积测量的研究进展,提出作物叶面积测量的物理原理、数学建模原理、光学特征提取原理的理论分类,从精确度、有损和无损测量2个角度分析了叶面积测量的研究进展,并对叶面积测量技术发展趋势进行展望.     

可见分光光度法测定水华鱼腥藻

采用可见分光光度法测定水华鱼腥藻（Anabaena flos-aquae)藻液的吸光度A。这种方法与细菌计数法、叶绿素a含量测定法和荧光分光光度法相比较，即简便又准确，且可获得十分理想的线性相关性，其测得的A值可以作为水华鱼腥藻现存量的指标。     

豆制品中胰蛋白酶抑制剂活性测定方法研究

利用紫外分光光度计，对豆制品中胰蛋白酶抑制剂在抑制牛胰蛋白酶活性反应前后的吸光值差异制作差值曲线，从而得出斜率与抑制剂活性之间关系的方法。并通过反复的实验对比，最终可以快速准确地测定大豆制品中胰蛋白酶抑制剂活性。     

基于LC谐振传感器的包装茶叶含水率无损检测

介绍一种基于经典电路理论的无线、无源LC谐振传感器设计,并将其用于包装茶叶含水率的快速、无损检测。所提出的LC谐振传感器实质上是一个印刷在湿敏绝缘衬底上的单一平面电容和螺旋电感构成的谐振电路,通过将传感器放置在茶叶包装袋内,由于包装袋内湿度变化会引起平面电容的电容值变化,进而导致传感器的并联谐振频率变化,利用连接在包装袋外部含水率测量仪上的感应线圈远程检测传感器的谐振频率值,即可通过谐振频率的变化间接确定包装茶叶的含水率;实验结果表明了该检测方法合理可行,与国标方法相比较,测量结果无明显偏差,解决了包装茶叶含水率快速、准确、无损检测的难题。     

System for quasi‐continuous simultaneous measurement of oxygen diffusion rate and redox potential in soil

Oxygen diffusion rate (ODR) and redox potential (E_H) are quantitative indices representing oxygen availability and redox status in soils, which is valuable information for better understanding causes and effects of soil aeration. Because these indices are spatially and temporally highly variable, continuous measurements and adequate numbers of repetitions are essential for accurate in situ monitoring. Here, we present a new, fully automated recording system for in situ measurements where ODR and E_H are measured at the same platinum electrode. The conflict between electrode polarization for ODR and the resulting biased E_H readings is solved by reducing the polarization time and introducing a recovery interval between two consecutive measurement cycles. The shorter polarization time ensures accurate E_H readings. It also results in moderately overestimated ODR readings, but this can be corrected before data analysis. The recovery interval restricts temporal resolution of the E_H‐ODR data pairs to 8 h. We illustrate the use of the system with measurements in a field experiment in Zürich, Switzerland. ODR curves at different depths ran roughly parallel to the corresponding curves of O₂ concentration in soil air but ODR was much more sensitive to precipitation. Low ODR was a necessary but not a sufficient condition for declining E_H. E_H ran parallel to O₂ concentration in soil air rather than to ODR. The fully automated system allows for time series of replicate measurements in multifactorial field studies with reasonable labor requirements. It may be particularly suitable for studies examining the effects of soil tillage, compaction, and irrigation, where structure‐related soil properties such as porosity, gas permeability, and soil aeration play a dominant role.     

对雾霾问题的会计确认、计量与披露的思考

为应对当前日益严重的环境问题，加大对环境会计的探索与研究，从环境会计视角出发解决当前的雾霾问题是一种有效的方法。结合雾霾的定义理清国内外产生雾霾问题的主要成因，在纵观国内外环境会计研究动态的基础上，借鉴美国环境会计的基本内容，展开雾霾问题的会计确认、计量与披露。雾霾问题的会计确认上主张用“三步走”方法，在计量雾霾问题发生的成本时主要采用恢复费用法、机会成本法以及人力成本法的计量方法，环境会计报告信息披露问题上坚持自愿披露和强制披露相结合的方法，最终为会计信息使用者作出决定提供帮助。     

A simple formula for predicting claw volume of cattle

The object of this study was to develop a simple method for accurately calculating the volume of bovine claws under field conditions. The digits of 30 slaughterhouse beef cattle were examined and the following four linear measurements taken from each pair of claws: (1) the length of the dorsal surface of the claw (Toe); (2) the length of the coronary band (CorBand); (3) the length of the bearing surface (Base); and (4) the height of the claw at the abaxial groove (AbaxGr). Measurements of claw volume using a simple hydrometer were highly repeatable (r(2)= 0.999) and could be calculated from linear measurements using the formula:Claw Volume (cm(3)) = (17.192 x Base) + (7.467 x AbaxGr) + 45.270 x (CorBand) - 798.5This formula was found to be accurate (r(2)= 0.88) when compared to volume data derived from a hydrometer displacement procedure. The front claws occupied 54% of the total volume compared to 46% for the hind claws.     

叶露仪的研制和初步测试

植物叶面结露时间长短及露量与农作物病虫害,特别是真菌病害的发生有密切的关系。为监测叶露情况我们设计制作了叶露仪。该仪器适合在植物病虫害发生规律的科学研究和大田作物病害预测预报工作中使用。