乌兰察布及周边地区马铃薯脱毒种薯应用现状调查与分析

2011~2014年对乌兰察布周边地区马铃薯脱毒种薯利用情况进行了科学合理的调查,认为该地区不同类型马铃薯种植机构马铃薯脱毒种薯利用率和种植的种薯级别逐年提高。不同马铃薯种植机构逐渐形成符合该种植机构类型应用的马铃薯脱毒种薯级别,形成了马铃薯脱毒种薯应用的梯次,为今后马铃薯脱毒种薯生产和合理应用奠定了基础。     

解除休眠水曲柳种子的再干燥贮藏

以解除休眠的水曲柳种子为材料,研究种子再干燥脱水贮藏的可行性。结果表明:已解除休眠的种子在室温条件下进行再干燥是可行的,干燥处理后种子的萌发率和平均发芽时间没有明显变化;但在5℃条件下再干燥是不可行的,干燥后种子萌发率、发芽指数显著下降,平均发芽时间明显延长。已解除休眠的种子在室温条件下再干燥处理后贮藏16个月内种子的萌发率没有显著变化,但随着贮藏时间的延长种子发芽指数显著下降,平均发芽时间显著延长。已解除休眠水曲柳种子再干燥贮藏后使用KT、GA3和乙烯利处理对种子的萌发都没有明显的促进作用。     

浅谈樟子松的播种育苗技术

文章对樟子松的播种育苗技术进行了详细论述,包括如何选育苗地、施底肥、种子催芽、作床、播种、播种后及苗期的抚育管理、越冬保护、移植苗培育等,这些技术在生产实践中具有较强的实用意义。     

Validating the effectiveness of alternative euthanasia techniques using penetrating captive bolt guns in mature swine (Sus scrofa domesticus)

Euthanasia of mature swine is challenging. Temporal and behind-the-ear locations are two sites that have been identified as alternatives to the more commonly used frontal placement. In stage one, the effectiveness of two penetrating captive bolt gun styles (cylinder or pistol) was evaluated using frontal, temporal, and behind-the-ear placement in anesthetized mature swine (n = 36; weight: 267 ± 41 kg). For stage one, when evaluating treatment efficacy by sex, the cylinder-style equipment was 100% effective in achieving death when applied to all cranial locations (frontal, temporal, and behind-the-ear) for sows; however, the pistol-style equipment was only 100% effective when applied at the behind-the-ear location for sows. For boars, the cylinder-style equipment was 100% effective when applied to the frontal and behind-the-ear location, but the pistol-style equipment was not effective for any cranial location in boars. Therefore, the pistol–frontal, pistol–temporal, pistol–behind-the-ear, and cylinder–temporal were not included for boars, and pistol–frontal and pistol–temporal were not included for sows in stage two. In stage two, commercial, mixed-breed, mature swine (n = 42; weight: 292 +/− 56 kg) were randomly assigned to one of four treatments based on the inclusion criteria described in stage one. A three-point traumatic brain injury (TBI) score (0 = normal; 1 = some abnormalities; 2 = grossly abnormal, unrecognizable) was used to evaluate six neuroanatomical structures (cerebral cortex, cerebellum, hypothalamus, thalamus, pons, and brain stem), and the presence of hemorrhage was also noted. All treatments were 100% effective in stage two. A significant interaction between gun style and placement was determined on predicting total TBI as the cylinder style produced a higher total TBI score compared with the pistol type of the magnitude of +2.8 (P < 0.01). The cylinder style tended to produce a greater TBI score than the pistol in the temporal location (+1.2; P = 0.08). No difference was noted for TBI score behind-the-ear between the cylinder- and pistol-style gun (P > 0.05). TBI tended to be less in boars compared with sows (−0.6; P = 0.08). Hemorrhage was observed in frontal, parietal, occipital, and temporal lobes. This study demonstrated that the cylinder-style captive bolt gun more effectively resulted in brain trauma and death compared with a pistol-style gun and the behind-the-ear and temporal placement showed promise as an alternative placement site for euthanizing mature pigs on-farm.     

Ovarian mixed germ-cell tumor comprising mature teratoma and embryonal carcinoma in a four-toed hedgehog (Atelerix albiventris)

This report describes the clinical and histopathological characteristics of a rare mixed germ-cell tumor comprising teratoma and embryonal carcinoma in the left ovary of a 10-month-old four-toed hedgehog, with chief complaints of loss of appetite and lethargy. Laparotomy revealed a swollen left ovary with small disseminated peritoneal nodules, and bilateral ovariohysterectomy was performed. The left ovary had a mature teratoma with well-differentiated fat, bone, cartilage, salivary gland, trachea, keratin cyst, and nervous tissues, and an embryonal carcinoma consisting of poorly-differentiated epithelial cells arranged in tubular, alveolar, or solid patterns. Immunohistochemically, the embryonal carcinoma cells were positive for placental alkaline phosphatase and c-KIT. This is the first case of mature teratoma with embryonal carcinoma in the ovary of a hedgehog.     

干旱矿区不同干扰强度下土壤种子库特征

土壤种子库是矿区植被恢复的重要因素,其特征在一定程度上反映了区域的植被恢复潜力。本研究通过样地调查和室内萌发法对乌海新星煤矿区3种不同干扰条件下的土壤种子库及与其地表植被之间的关系进行分析。结果表明:1)新星矿区土壤种子库共有18种植物,隶属于7科16属,物种生活型以多年生草本植物为主;2)新星矿区土壤种子库平均储量较小(226.51~739.17粒·m^?2),并且随着土层深度增加而呈递减趋势,其90%以上的种子储藏在0?10 cm的表层土壤;3)研究区土壤种子库植物与地上植被的共有物种数少,土壤种子库与地上植被的植物群落相似性较低;4)随着干扰强度的增大,种子库的植被恢复潜力呈现先增大后减少的趋势:道路周边受到中度干扰的自然植被区朝着有利的方向发展,而采矿周边受重度干扰的自然植被区会受到较大负面影响,其多样性以及与其他分区植物群落的相似性较小,种子密度显著降低(P<0.05)。     

不同埋藏方式及杀菌剂处理对黄土高原3种植物种子存活的影响

为了探讨黄土高原典型草原植物病原真菌如何影响土壤种子存活,采用“种子袋埋藏与取回”的方法,对该地区3种常见植物胡枝子、长芒草和狗尾草种子进行杀菌剂处理、并且以不同方式（单种或者不同种混合）装入尼龙网袋后埋入土壤中,在田间分别埋藏1和3个月后取回种子袋,统计每袋种子的存活情况,并且进行萌发试验,检测种子生活力状况。结果表明：1）长芒草种子的田间发芽率最高,平均约为51.9%,显著高于胡枝子（14.6%）和狗尾草（26.1%）（P<0.05）;随着埋藏时间的增加,3种植物种子发芽率显著增加;然而杀菌剂处理以及不同埋藏方式对种子发芽率没有显著影响。2）胡枝子种子的田间死亡率最低,平均约为1%,长芒草和狗尾草种子的田间死亡率分别为5.1%和4.4%;埋藏1个月后,杀菌剂未处理和单种埋藏条件下长芒草和狗尾草种子的田间死亡率分别为12.5%和11.0%,显著高于其他处理组合下两种植物种子的死亡率（P<0.05）;胡枝子种子在埋藏1和3个月时,其种子死亡率在不同处理组合之间均无显著差异。3）长芒草种子的室内萌发率最高,平均约为64.3%,显著高于胡枝子（5.9%）和狗尾草（29.2%）（P<0.05）。随着埋藏时间的增加,胡枝子和狗尾草种子的室内萌发率显著下降,而长芒草种子的室内萌发率却显著增加。结果表明,病原真菌对土壤种子存活的影响因植物种而异;较单种埋藏相比,混合埋藏降低了种子的死亡率,可能是由于混合埋藏稀释了病原真菌的效应所致。     

青藏高原老芒麦落粒性及农艺性状相关性研究

为探究青藏高原地区抗落粒老芒麦种质的筛选及落粒率与农艺性状的关系,以15份采自青海不同地区的老芒麦种质资源为研究对象,对老芒麦的落粒率和农艺性状进行了变异分析、相关性分析、主成分分析、回归分析和聚类分析。结果表明：1）15份老芒麦资源自然落粒率存在明显差异,其中17-124的落粒最严重,平均落粒率为56.92%。以17-064和17-050的抗落粒性最强,落粒率分别为17.54%和18.63%,且各资源间落粒性存在较大遗传差异。2）各资源的动态落粒率表明从乳熟后第3天至第15天落粒率不断增加,且各时期存在极显著差异（P<0.01）。3）从各材料落粒率与农艺性状相关性分析结果来看,落粒率与小穗数呈极显著正相关（P<0.01）,相关系数为0.437。与穗轴节数、花序长、小穗宽和外稃长呈显著相关（P<0.05）,而与花序宽呈极显著负相关（P<0.01）,与芒长呈显著负相关（P<0.05）。综合主成分分析和回归分析结果,小穗数、芒长和花序宽是影响落粒率的主要因素。4）15份资源通过农艺性状与落粒率被聚为4类,第Ⅰ类群平均落粒率较高,为41.24%,但小穗数多,单序籽粒数多;第Ⅱ类群和第Ⅳ类群落粒率低,仅为18.63%和17.54%,可作为低落粒种质筛选的候选材料;第Ⅲ类群平均落粒率高达42.41%,小穗数较多,单序籽粒数最少。     

黄土高原亚高山草地退化对土壤种子库的影响

本试验对黄土高原亚高山草地不同退化程度下土壤种子库的物种组成、种子密度、分布特征以及影响因素进行了研究。结果表明,研究区地上植物有31种,分属于14科、25属;种子库植物有32种,分属于14科、31属;种子库的83.45%都分布于浅层土壤中（0~5 cm）。随着草地退化程度的加重,地上植被和地下种子库中多年生植物的比例减少,种子库密度与丰富度都显著下降（P<0.001）;极度退化样地的地上一年生植物增多,物种组成与地下种子库相似;轻度和中度干扰的样地中,地上植物与种子库的物种的组成具有显著差异（P<0.01）。总之,亚高山草地退化对土壤种子库产生了较大的影响,其中土壤pH与水分是影响种子库密度与丰富度主要的环境因素。极度退化草地种子库密度极低,地上植被靠自然更新很难恢复,需人工辅助。     

牧草柳枝稷种子破休眠技术的研究

柳枝稷switchgrass (panicum virgatum)的种子属深度休眠。本文探索了后熟化(干藏),冷冻层化(湿润冷藏),磨擦,浸泡,以及植物生长调节剂GA和ABA对破除种子休眠的影响。