基于MODIS数据的内蒙古地形因子对火灾分布的影响分析

了解火灾与地形因子的关系是深入研究火灾空间分布格局、火灾风险科学管理的重要前提。本研究基于MOD14A1/MYD14A1热异常产品数据集提取内蒙古2000—2015年的火点信息,结合研究区DEM数据,提取相关地形因子,并在此基础上分析区域尺度背景下的地形因子与火灾分布关系。结果表明:1)采用均值变点分析法,确定内蒙古地形起伏度的最佳统计单元为0.52 km2;2)火灾分布在地形因子的作用下表现出一定的地形梯度性。火点个数随高程的升高呈现先增大后减小的变化趋势,而火点个数随坡度和地形起伏度的增大呈现逐渐下降的趋势;3)火点分布最多的高程、坡度、地形起伏度区间分别为80~700 m、0°~7°、1~70 m,火灾多发生在高程低、地形平坦、起伏小的地区,这类区域一般人类活动频繁,为火灾的发生提供了机会;4)在火点分布最多的地形区间内,不同土地利用类型上的火点个数分布排序为草地>耕地>林地>其他类型。      

劳均可负担耕地面积与机械化程度的关系研究

在已有研究成果的基础上,系统研究了劳动力可负担的耕地面积与机械化程度之间的关系,并对数据采集与处理进行了探讨,建立了平均各劳动力可负担耕地面积与农业机械化程度的关系模型。通过对黑龙江省红星隆分局八五四农场10个生产队100个劳动力调研,在此基础上并对数据进行了处理,得出农业机械化程度是100%和0时,平均每个劳动力可负担的耕地面积分别是4. 95hm^2和1. 45 hm^2。最后通过建立的模型,得出了平均各劳动力可承担的耕地面积在不同农业机械化程度下的数值大小。     

养护者受益权的界定及优位

分析养护者受益权的主体、客体、内容及养护者受益权的优位强势的含义、必要性。     

Modelling of soil nutrient budgets: an assessment of agricultural sustainability in Nepal

Abstract. Sustaining soil fertility under agricultural intensification and expansion onto marginal lands is a significant challenge in the Nepalese Middle Mountains. In a detailed watershed study it was shown that the overall soil fertility is poor, forest soils display the poorest conditions as a result of biomass removal, and sustaining agriculture is questionable due to the transformation from traditional to multiple cropping systems. Parent material is a significant factor influencing low phosphorus status while insufficient inputs create deficiencies in total carbon, nitrogen and bases. A nutrient budget model was developed to assess inputs, redistribution and losses relative to soil fertility. Yield, input and management data obtained from farm interviews, and soil analysis data were used in the calculation of nutrient budgets. Results from modelling indicate declining soil fertility under rainfed agriculture, forest and rangelands, and marginal conditions under irrigated agriculture subject to intensive cultivation. Nutrient deficits were relatively low for irrigated rice-wheat systems, which benefit from nutrient inputs via sediments and irrigation waters, but the introduction of triple cropping showed greater deficits. Nutrient balances were most critical under rainfed maize production where 94% of the farms were in deficit. Current shortages of organic matter make elimination of nutrient deficits problematic but improvement of composting, biological N-fixation and fertilizer efficiency and reducing erosion were found to be potential options.     

Effects of the 1995–1997 drought on nitrate leaching in lowland England

Abstract. The effect of drought between summer 1995 and 1997 on stream and river nitrate concentrations was investigated using sites close to the long-running meteorological station in Oxford, UK. Nitrate concentrations in the River Windrush were relatively low during the drought, but after it had ended reached the highest level since records began in 1973. The low concentrations during the drought probably reflect a reduced contribution from agricultural runoff. High nitrate concentrations were found in a field drain at Wytham Environmental Change Network site during and after the drought, but discharge was greatly reduced. A woodland stream at Wytham had much lower nitrate concentrations than the field drain but these similarly increased during and after the drought. There was evidence that both a concentrating effect of low water volumes and enhanced soil nitrogen mineralization and nitrification rates were causing concentrations to rise. The effects of mineralization and nitrification were more important in woodland than agricultural land. Nitrate load over the course of a year was determined largely by discharge, but steeper gradients for the relationship between cumulative load and cumulative discharge were seen during and after the drought than before, reflecting the higher concentrations.     

我国农村土地征收中耕地的法律保护

土地征收直接造成农村耕地减少,不仅损害农民利益,还危及整个经济的全面健康发展。究其原因有执法者政治思想素质与业务能力低下,法律制度不健全,严格的法律责任追究制的弱化等。对此,应树立正确的思想认识观,建立健全土地征收法律制度,加强执法者政治思想业务培训并严格执法。     

治理开发乌兰布和沙地建立新型的沙产业经济开发区

分析乌兰布和沙地的资源潜力，探讨治理开发沙区，建立新型的沙产业开发区的可行性、产业布局及应注意的问题。     

科尔沁沙地针叶树引种试验初报

为丰富科尔沁沙地针叶树种的多样性 ,“0 0 9”项目引种外来针叶树种在科尔沁沙地进行育苗造林。经多年的育苗试验和物侯观测 ,已初步了解各树种在科尔沁沙地的生长情况 ,经试验分析和造林对比已初步筛选出适宜该地生长的 4个树种9个种源 ,丰富了科尔沁沙地的树种资源。     

论搞活山地流转机制是林业发展之路

搞活山地流转机制，推行林业适度规模经营，是由当前社会大环境和林业自身的特点所决定的。本文在论述搞活山地使用权流转机制时调动林农积极性、发展林业和振兴经济的作用的同时，进一步分析了山地使用权流转的各种形式，并指出评价山地使用权流转形式好坏的标准，是坚持“三个有利于”的标准。     

特旱年旱地玉米限额补灌水肥效应分析

采用田间试验方法研究了旱地玉米限额补灌的水肥效应。结果表明，玉米小喇叭口期灌水675mm／hm2，平均增产玉米2171.5kg／hm2，增产率89．27％，灌水生产效率为3.217kg／mm;3种肥料的增产效果为N＞M＞P。未灌水条件下，3种肥料的增产效果为M＞P＞N。配合施用的增产效果为NPM＞NP。