Effect of Dietary Mannan Oligosaccharide (Bio-Mos) on Live Performance of Broiler Chickens Given an Anticoccidial Vaccine (Paracox) Followed by a Mild Coccidial Challenge

A pen trial with 720 Ross 308 male chicks evaluated effects of Paracox-5 vaccination at d 1, dietary mannan oligosaccharide (MOS; Bio-Mos at 2, 1, and 0.5 kg/tonne in starter, grower, and finisher, respectively), and d-15 Eimeria challenge on d-22 lesions and 1 to 42-d live performance. Available floor area in each of 24 floor pens was 2.1 m², and 30 chicks were placed per pen initially. A 3-phase feeding program was used: starter (0 to 15 d), grower (16 to 22 d), and finisher (23 to 42 d). The 4 dietary and vaccine treatments were as follows: 1) without vaccination, dietary MOS, or coccidiosis challenge; 2) without vaccination and dietary MOS but with a 3-strain pathogenic Eimeria challenge; 3) with Paracox-5 vaccination and Eimeria challenge but no dietary MOS; and 4) with Paracox vaccination, dietary MOS, and Eimeria challenge. The pathogenic Eimeria sporulated oocysts mixture from the French National Institute for Agricultural Research (Paris, France), standardized and well-defined, was given via feed at d 15 (100,000 Eimeria acervulina, 10,000 Eimeria maxima, and 15,000 Eimeria tenella per bird). Coccidiosis lesion scores were recorded at 22 d of age (scored as 0, 1, 2, or 3 with increasing severity). Overall mean lesion scores (P < 0.001) were higher in challenged birds. Paracox-5 alone improved 15-d BW and 1 to 15- and 15 to 22-d average daily gain of Eimeria-challenged broilers (P < 0.05). Dietary MOS improved (P < 0.05) 15 to 42- and 22 to 42-d FCR of Paracox-5 vaccinated, Eimeria- challenged broilers. Mortality was 4.4 to 5.8% by treatment, with no significant differences. It was concluded that dietary MOS improved the feed conversion ratio of Paracox-5-vaccinated (d 1), challenged (d 15) broilers from 15 to 42 d of age.     

牛蒡寡糖促进大菱鲆生长的研究

以从牛蒡根中提取的牛蒡寡糖作为鱼类饲料添加剂,探讨其对大菱鲆(Scophthalmusmaximus)生长的影响。经过不同剂量(0、1.0%、2.0%、5.0%)的4组饲养试验,分别从每组随机抽取鱼体,测定其生长指标和鱼体生化成分。结果表明,在饲养的各个阶段中试验组鱼的平均体重、体长均较对照组有不同程度地提高;养殖100d时,各试验组鱼的增重率、增长率和饲料转化率均明显高于对照组。对试验鱼全鱼体成分的分析表明:添加牛蒡寡糖的试验组大菱鲆鱼体水分、粗蛋白含量均比对照组有所提高,而粗脂肪、灰分含量比对照组降低较大幅度。说明饲料中添加牛蒡寡糖可显著促进鱼的生长,提高鱼对饲料的利用率,还能够有效地改善鱼体的营养成分和增强肌肉品质,其适宜添加量为2.0%。     

异麦芽寡糖对肉仔鸡生产性能及肠道生理生化指标的影响

试验选用 90 0只雌雄各半 1日龄艾维茵肉鸡分 6组 ,每组 3重复 ,分别在饲料中添加异麦芽寡糖 (IOS) 0 %、0 .1%、0 .2 %和 0 .4 %、金霉素 15 0mg kg及金霉素 15 0mg kg+0 .4 %IOS ,研究了ISO对肉鸡的生产性能及肠道生理和生化指标的影响。IOS和金霉素处理均促进 0～ 3周肉鸡的采食 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,且IOS促进肉鸡采食的作用随添加量的提高而增强。IOS和金霉素处理降低 3周龄肉鸡回肠内容物中挥发性盐基氮含量 (P <0 .0 5 )和盲肠内容物中丙酸含量 (P <0 .0 1)。IOS处理增加 3周龄肉鸡空肠绒毛长度 (P <0 .0 1)。与添加 15 0mg kg金霉素组比较 ,IOS处理提高 3周龄肉鸡盲肠中丁酸含量 (P <0 .0 5 )和空肠绒毛长度 (P <0 .0 1) ,对其它各指标无影响。     

在夏季天然草场放牧加补饲对阿勒泰羊生产性能和血清生化指标的影响

试验研究日粮中添加沙棘提取物复合添加剂、寡糖+益生素复合添加剂对放牧的阿勒泰羊生产性能和血清生化指标的影响。选择体重35±2 kg的健康阿勒泰羊45只,分成3组,每组15只,对照组采用纯放牧饲养,试验组1在日粮中添加沙棘提取物复合添加剂0.18%,试验组2在日粮中添加寡糖+益生素复合添加剂0.18%。结果表明,与对照组相比,饲喂沙棘提取物复合添加剂、寡糖+益生素复合添加剂极显著提高阿勒泰羊日增重(P0.01);对阿勒泰羊体尺无显著影响(P0.05);对血清中尿素氮、甘油三酯、碱性磷酸酶和磷均有显著性影响(P0.05)。饲喂沙棘提取物复合添加剂0.18%可提高阿勒泰羊的生产性能及血清生化指标。     

寡聚糖诱抗剂诱导黄瓜抗白粉病的研究

以寡聚糖为诱抗剂,研究了其对黄瓜抗白粉病抗病性的诱导作用。结果显示,用寡聚糖诱抗剂在接种前处理黄瓜叶片,可以减轻黄瓜白粉病的发生,表现为菌落稀疏、变小,产孢期延迟、以及潜育期延长。寡聚糖诱抗剂最佳处理时间为接种前5~7d,持效期在10d以上。诱抗剂处理第一片真叶后可减轻上部叶片发病,上部叶片呈现较明显的抗病性反应特征。表明寡聚糖可诱导黄瓜幼苗产生对白粉病的系统获得抗病性。     

Dietary pectic oligosaccharide supplementation improves rat reproductive performance via regulating intestinal volatile fatty acids during middle gestation

As a kind of green additive, pectic oligosaccharide (POS) may regulate some physiological functions of animals, such as gut health, antioxidant capacity, immunity and lipid metabolism. This study aimed to identify whether POS administration can improve maternal reproduction, and to determine the possible metabolism. A total of 48 pregnant Wistar rats randomly allotted into 2 groups, and each group was fed a diet supplemented with 0 or 800 mg/kg of POS. Pectic oligosaccharide administration increased rat born number (P < 0.05), did not affect rat embryo number on d 7 of gestation, but increased rat fetus number on d 14 of gestation (P < 0.05). On d 14 of gestation, POS treatment improved Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium populations and volatile fatty acid concentrations of cecal digesta (P < 0.05), hormone (progesterone and nitric oxide) and cytokine (interleukin 2) concentrations of serum (P < 0.05), and antioxidant capacity of serum (increased total antioxidant capacity and decreased malondialdehyde) and placenta (increased total superoxide dismutase, decreased malondialdehyde) (P < 0.05) in pregnant rats. These results suggest that POS administration improved rat reproduction via decreasing fetus loss in middle gestation. This was due to the increased volatile fatty acid concentrations in rat gut improving hormone and inflammatory-cytokine productions, and antioxidant capacity.     

Evaluation of xylanase and a fermentable xylo-oligosaccharide on performance and ileal digestibility of broiler chickens fed energy and amino acid deficient diets

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of a product consisting of a combination of xylanase and xylo-oligosaccharide (STBIO) on performance and ileal digestibility of broiler chickens fed energy and amino acid (AA) deficient diets. Day-old male Ross 308 broiler chicks were randomly allocated to 8 pens per treatment, with 25 chicks per pen. Treatments based on wheat-corn-soybean meal diets were arranged in a 3 × 2 factorial design: a positive control that met or exceeded nutrient recommendations (PC), a negative control diet with a 50 kcal/kg apparent metabolizable energy (AME) reduction (NC1) and NC1 with a 3% reduction in AA content (NC2), each with or without supplementation of 100 g/t of the STBIO. Body weight gain (BWG), feed intake, feed conversion ratio corrected for mortality (FCR) and the European production efficiency factor (EPEF) were recorded from 0 to 42 d. On d 42, ileal samples were collected to determine dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), ash, protein and energy digestibility. A significant interaction was observed for BWG and feed intake (P < 0.001). The energy and AA reduction reduced (P < 0.05) BWG when compared to the PC. The effect of STBIO on BWG was greater in NC1 (+451 g/bird) than in NC2 (+314 g/bird) or PC (+176 g/bird) diets (P < 0.05), and that in NC2 with STBIO was equal to that in PC without STBIO, and that in NC1 with STBIO was equal to that in PC with STBIO. No interactions were observed on the EPEF or FCR; however, STBIO improved EPEF (P < 0.001) and FCR (P < 0.001) irrespective of the energy reduction or AA density. The intake of digestible DM, OM, ash and energy for the finisher period was increased with STBIO supplementation (P < 0.01). A significant interaction was observed for the intake of digestible protein. NC1 and NC2 reduced the intake of digestible protein; however, when STBIO was supplemented, it was improved in both diets to similar levels to the PC. The stimbiotic supplementation improved performance of broiler chickens fed all diets, particularly those deficient in AME and AA.     

魔芋甘露聚糖和钙对温州蜜桔的保鲜效应

用魔芋甘露聚糖-钙等作为温州蜜桔保鲜剂,经100天贮藏后,烂果率、轻耗率均低于常用的多菌灵处理组和对照组;总糖、固酸比、糖酸比则高于多菌灵处理组和对照组。贮藏过程中,柑桔果皮叶绿素分解明显缓慢,说明有关水解酶活性被抑制,甘露聚糖-钙保鲜剂对果实有良好的保鲜效应。     

麦麸阿魏酰低聚糖对大鼠肝脏抗氧化功能的影响

为探讨麦麸阿魏酰低聚糖(Feruloyl oligosaccharides,FOs)对大鼠肝脏组织抗氧化功能的影响,选取40只健康断奶大鼠,随机分为5组,包括空白对照组(生理盐水)、阳性对照组(w(Vc)=100 mg/kg)、低剂量组(w(FOs)=20mg/kg)、中剂量组(w(FOs)=40mg/kg)和高剂量组(w(FOs)=80mg/kg)。试验期为21d,每日定时灌胃。试验结束后,收集肝脏组织,通过酶联免疫吸附试验法测定其抗氧化相关指标,利用RT-PCR和Western Blot技术分别分析抗氧化相关基因的mRNA和蛋白表达量。结果表明:1)随着FOs剂量增加,谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(Glutathione peroxidase,GSH-Px)和超氧化物岐化酶(Superoxide dismutase,SOD)活性,谷氨酸-半胱氨酸连接酶催化亚基(Glutamate cysteine ligase catalytie subunit, GCLC)、醌氧化还原酶1 (NAD (P)Hquinoneoxidoreductasel,NQO1)、CAT、SOD、GSH-Px和核因子E2相关因子2(Nuclear factor erythroid 2p45-related factor 2,Nrf2)的mRNA表达水平二次方增加,Nrf2蛋白表达水平线性增加(P0.05),而8-羟基脱氧鸟苷(8-hydroxy deoxyguanosine,8-OHdG)含量线性和二次方极显著下降(P0.01)。2)与Vc组相比,低剂量组中的GSH-Px活性和8-OHdG含量极显著降低(P0.01),而CAT的mRNA表达水平显著增加(P0.05);中剂量组中的总抗氧化能力(Total antioxidant capacity,T-AOC)、过氧化氢酶(Catalase,CAT)活性和8-OHdG含量显著降低(P0.05),而GCLC、NQO1、CAT、SOD、GSH-Px和Nrf2的mRNA表达水平显著增加(P0.05);高剂量组中的SOD和GSH-Px活性和8-OHdG含量显著降低(P0.05)。综上,FOs可增强肝脏抗氧化酶活性,减少DNA氧化损伤,且可提高Nrf2及其下游抗氧化基因的mRNA表达水平,且以中剂量40mg/kg BW的使用剂量效果最佳。     

壳寡糖对秋海棠叶片离体培养的影响

[目的]明确壳寡糖(COS)用于秋海棠叶片离体培养的可行性。[方法]以MS为基本培养基,添加不同浓度的壳寡糖和1.5 mg/L2,4-D(对照),对秋海棠叶片进行离体培养。[结果]对照处理的秋海棠叶片离体培养的效果最好。壳寡糖在秋海棠叶片培养中可起到生长激素的作用,最适合诱导愈伤组织的浓度是1.5 mg/L,继代增殖和不定芽分化效果最好的浓度是1.52、.0 mg/L,诱导生根效果最好的浓度为1.5 mg/L,浓度为0.75%~1.00%壳寡糖溶液浇灌的幼苗成活率最高,达90%以上;同时对培养基及外植体起到了防污抗病的保护作用。[结论]秋海棠叶片离体培养时,培养基中的壳寡糖浓度以1.5 mg/L为宜。