植物生长调节剂对香梨采前落果、果实品质及产量的影响

以库尔勒香梨果树为试材,在香梨幼果膨大期喷施不同浓度生长植物调节剂,每隔15 d喷施1次,共喷施5次,收果时调查香梨的坐果率、果实品质及产量,并分析经济效益。结果表明:以NAA 10 mg、GA 10 mg及黄腐酸复合微量元素的处理效果较为明显,该处理降低了香梨采前落果率,提高了香梨一级果率,并改善了果实品质,增加了种植效益。     

浅谈动物园的植物配置——以福州市动物园为例

动物园作为城市公园的一种,其植物配置具有其特殊性。分析动物园植物配置的特殊功能;在此基础上,以福州市动物园为例,探讨动物园植物配置问题,包括园区植物配置与展区植物配置。为其它同类动物园提供有益借鉴。     

二氧化碳升高与干旱对植物生理、土壤碳及土壤酶活的影响

Global climate models have indicated high probability of drought occurrences in the coming future decades due to the impacts of climate change caused by a mass release of CO2.Thus,climate change regarding elevated ambient CO2 and drought may consequently affect the growth of crops.In this study,plant physiology,soil carbon,and soil enzyme activities were measured to investigate the impacts of elevated CO2 and drought stress on a Stagnic Anthrosol planted with soybean (Glycine max).Treatments of two CO2 levels,three soil moisture levels,and two soil cover types were established.The results indicated that elevated CO2 and drought stress significantly affected plant physiology.The inhibition of plant physiology by drought stress was mediated via prompted photosynthesis and water use efficiency under elevated CO2 conditions.Elevated CO2 resulted in a longer retention time of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) in soil,probably by improving the soil water effectiveness for organic decomposition and mineralization.Drought stress significantly decreased C:N ratio and microbial biomass carbon (MBC),but the interactive effects of drought stress and CO2 on them were not significant.Elevated CO2 induced an increase in invertase and catalase activities through stimulated plant root exudation.These results suggested that drought stress had significant negative impacts on plant physiology,soil carbon,and soil enzyme activities,whereas elevated CO2 and plant physiological feedbacks indirectly ameliorated these impacts.     

基于信息公理的车间布局问题评价方法

车间布局评价问题属于典型多属性决策问题.为了使信息公理更适合于解决多属性决策问题,通过增加满意度项改进了原有的信息量计算方法.属性值被划分为精确型、不确定型和模糊型,同时针对效益性、成本性、定值性和区间性属性给出了这三种数值类型的信息量的计算办法.改进后的信息量同时反映系统的成功概率以及决策者满意程度,并能够对包含多种数值类型的多属性决策问题进行评价.最后,作为实例,对焊接装配车间的布局方案进行了评价,结果验证了所改进的信息公理对于解决多属性决策问题的可行性和有效性.     

四川南部杂交水稻植株体内氮素来源分析

以宜香1577和II优838为材料,在四川南部地区根据不同水稻品种植株一生需氮量和土壤供氮能力对杂交水稻生产中的氮肥用量进行分析.结果表明,从播种到成熟过程中,不同水稻品种植株体内氮含量不断增加,一直处于吸氮过程.四川南部地区杂交水稻生产中所需氮肥除化肥供给外,土壤也能提供比较丰富的氮素养料.四川南部土壤营养成分十分丰富,供氮能力极强,适合于水稻等耐肥农作物的生产.在杂交水稻生产过程中,施氮肥水平不应设计太高,必须将土壤供氮这一因素考虑进去,以免因氮肥过量而倒伏和减产.     

贵阳烟区云烟87不同长相中棵烟产量和质量比较分析

为进一步提升烤后烟叶品质,为贵阳烟区提供理想中棵烟株型判别标准,以云烟87为试验材料,研究成熟期3种不同长相的中棵烟（T1：小,T2：中,T3：大）烤后烟叶产量和质量。结果显示,不同长相中棵烟烤后烟叶经济性状及烟叶品质差异显著,T2处理烟株的产量和质量最为协调,单位面积产值最高,达55188.15元/hm2,烤后上等烟比例达60.23%,较T1和T3处理分别提高了12.24%和8.59%;T2处理烟叶均价最高,为27.12元/kg,较T1和T3处理分别高出2.14和1.47元/kg;T2处理烟叶油分较多,色度较强,化学协调性优于其他2种株型中棵烟,感官质量总得分比T1和T3处理分别提高2.30和1.63分。综上所述,贵阳烟区理想中棵烟株型形态参数以株高109.30cm、茎围10.70cm、节距5.70cm、留叶数17.33、腰叶长73.97cm和腰叶宽32.43cm为宜。     

江苏省天福国家湿地公园鸟类栖息地植物群落特征对鸻鹬类水鸟的影响研究

目的 研究栖息地植物群落特征的季度变化规律,探讨其对鸻鹬类水鸟群落的影响机制,为鸟类栖息地管理提供科学依据。 方法 2019/07—2020/07期间,在天福国家湿地公园鸟类栖息地,利用样方法和样线法分别获取植物群落特征数据和鸻鹬类水鸟群落数据,通过转换变量,构建回归模型。通过主成分分析和聚类分析对鸻鹬类水鸟进行鸟类集团划分。 结果 统计分析发现：（1）天福国家湿地公园共记录到草本植物30科72属77种,鸻鹬类水鸟18种230只;（2）植物群落高度和植被覆盖度的比值与鸻鹬类水鸟个体总数和鸟类个体总数的比值呈显著正相关;（3）不同性状的鸻鹬类对植物群落特征的季度变化响应程度有差异,通过主成分分析和聚类分析将鸻鹬类水鸟划分成4个鸟类集团,其中集团4即中翼长、中嘴裂长、中跗跖长的鸻鹬类水鸟受植物群落特征的季度变化影响大于其他鸻鹬类鸟类集团。（4）目前天福国家湿地公园保护管理中心未进行区分不同植物群落而采取有差别的管理措施,属于无区别化干扰。 结论 天福国家湿地公园鸟类栖息地植物群落特征对鸻鹬类水鸟群落特征有显著影响,且对不同鸻鹬类鸟类集团的影响机制具有差异性;研究区无区别化的栖息地管理措施须结合植被群落演替规律及不同性状鸻鹬类水鸟的生境需求而精准改进,建议针对不同鸻鹬类鸟类集团的差异性生境需求,精准管理不同的植物群落特征,同时增加不同类别的栖息地管理措施。     

Analysis and comparison on population dynamics betweenAdenophora lobophylla andAdenophora potaninii by leslie matrix

The population dynamic tendency ofAdenophora lobophylla Hong as an endangered species andAdenophora potaninii Korsh as widespread species, has been predicted by the Leslie matrix. And the comparison and analysis on the age structures between two species have been carried out in this paper. The results demonstrate theA. lobophylla populations which have the reasonable age structures perform slowly negative or positive increment at altitude 2300–3400 m. Especially. below altitude 2700 m. there are many populations performing seriously declining tendency. Contrary.A potaninii populations could adapt to environment perfectly at the corresponding condition without finding the population which performs the seriously declining tendency. The differences in developing tendency of population between the two species demonstrate thatA. lobophylla populations have the weaker ability to adapt to the external unfavorable conditions. The project was supported by Chinese Natural Science Foundation. (No. 3939150) The experiment carried out at the Botanical Department of University Federal Sao Carols in Brazil (Responsible Editor: Zhu Hong)     

Suppression subtractive hybridization library construction and identification of epidermal bladder cell related genes in the common ice plant,Mesembryanthemum crystallinum L.

Mesembryanthemum crystallinum L., a halophytic species, displays modified trichomes, epidermal bladder cells (EBC), on the surfaces of its aerial organs. EBCs serve to sequester excessive salt from underlying metabolically active tissues. To elucidate the molecular determinants governing EBC development in the common ice plant, we constructed a cDNA-based suppression subtractive hybridization library and identified genes differentially expressed between the wild-type and the EBC-less mutant. After hybridization, 38 clones were obtained. Among them, 24 clones had homology with plant genes of known functions, whose roles might not be directly related to EBC-morphology, while 14 clones were homologous to genes of unknown functions. After confirmation by northern blot analysis, 12 out of 14 clones of unknown functions were chosen for semi-quantitative RT-PCR analysis, and the results revealed that three clones designated as MW3, MW21, and MW31 preferentially expressed in the EBC-less mutant, whereas the other two designated as WM10 and WM28 preferentially expressed in the wild type. Among these genes, the expression of a putative jasmonate-induced gene, designated as WM28 was completely suppressed in the EBC-mutant. In addition, the deletion of C-box cis-acting element was found in the promoter region of WM28 in the EBC-less mutant. Overexpression of WM28 in Arabidopsis resulted in increased trichome number due to the upregulation of key trichome-related genes GLABRA1 (GL1), and GLABRA3 (GL3). These results demonstrate that WM28 can be an important factor responsible for EBC formation, and also suggest the similarity of developmental mechanism between trichome in Arabidopsis and EBC in common ice plant.     

粳稻不同株高突变体F2世代株高分离分析

为了揭示粳稻株高及其组成因素的遗传规律,利用来源相同但株高有明显差异的高、中,矮3类材料组配了中秆×矮秆、中秆×高秆2个杂交组合,采用植物数量性状主基因+多基因F2单世代分离分析方法对株高及其组成因素进行了遗传分析,并估算了有关遗传参数.结果表明:两组合的株高以及中秆×矮秆的倒3节间均受2对主基因+多基因联合控制,且中秆×矮秆的株高和倒3节间的两主基因之间存在互作效应;两组合的倒1节间、倒2节间、倒4节间以及中秆×高秆的倒3节间均表现为无主基因数量性状.中秆×矮秆节间个数的遗传基本符合13:3的分离,表明其可能受2对表现抑制作用主基因控制.