开发绿色水产品是发展渔业经济的必由之路

本文提出在发展渔业经济过程中遇到的一些问题，指出开发绿色水产品是发展渔业经济的必由之路，HACCP认证体系是开发绿色水产品的重要手段和基本保证，中国加入WTO后，面临严峻的国际市场竞争也要求我国水产业积极开发绿色水产品，提高产品质量，加强水产品出口的竞争力。     

RNA干扰技术抑制新家坡石斑鱼虹彩病毒感染细胞多肽ICP46与绿色荧光蛋白融合基因的表达

新加坡石斑鱼虹彩病毒（singapore grouper iridovirus,SGIV）是一种严重的能引起全身性疾病的病原体,对石斑鱼养殖造成了重大的经济损失。将含有SGIV感染细胞多肽ICP46（infected cell polypeptides 46）基因的真核表达载体pEGFP-ICP46转染到胖头鲤细胞（fathead minnow cells,FHM）中进行融合表达,用荧光显微镜观察到ICP46-GFP融合蛋白主要分布于FHM细胞的细胞质中。根据SGIV-ICP46的序列,设计并体外化学合成了特异性干扰SGIV-ICP46的siRNA（siRNA-ICP46）,与pEGFP-ICP46共转染到FHM细胞中,通过荧光显微镜观察不同时间点荧光强度的变化。转染后24~48 h,实验细胞（共转染siRNA-ICP46和pEGFP-ICP46）和阳性对照细胞（共转染siRNA-GFP和pEGFP-ICP46）中的荧光微弱,发荧光的细胞数量较阴性对照（共转染siRNA-Negative和pEGFP-ICP46）少70%左右,但其后实验细胞和阳性对照细胞的荧光强度开始增强,在转染后72 h其与阴性对照组已差别不大。说明体外化学合成的siRNA-ICP46转染后24~48 h可有效抑制FHM细胞中外源导入SGIV-ICP46基因的表达。     

Response of Bacterial Biofilms in Recirculating Aquaculture Systems to Various Sanitizers

ABSTRACT

Pathogenic microorganisms may be incorporated into biofilms found in aquaculture systems, causing recurring exposure to potential disease agents. Aerobic plate counts, the presence of Enterobacteriaceae, and the presence of Escherichia coli, modified to express a green fluorescent protein (GFP E. coli), was used to evaluate the effectiveness of various sanitizers in decreasing bacterial incorporation into newly generated biofilms in recirculating aquaculture systems. Disks of Buna-N rubber, polyvinyl chloride (PVC), chlorinated PVC, glass, fiberglass, and stainless steel were placed in aquariums stocked with Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus. The effectiveness of water, an alkaline cleanser, sodium hypochlorite, a quaternary ammonium compound, or peracetic acid as a sanitizer was evaluated on each substrate by enumerating total plate counts, GFP E. coli, and Enterobacteriaceae. Sodium hypochlorite and peracetic acid were the most effective sanitizers, with an overall percentage reduction of GFP E. coli of approximately 2 logs₁₀. The quaternary ammonium compound was moderately effective, 1 log₁₀, against the target organisms. Water demonstrated a 2 log₁₀ reduction of the total plate count, suggesting that some mechanical cleaning was achieved. The type of material used as substrate for the biofilm had no significant (P?>?0.05) effect on the effectiveness of the sanitizers.     

中卫市生态园林城市绿地系统规划研究

在对中卫市城市绿地调查的基础上,对中卫市生态园林城市绿地系统进行规划研究,以解决该地区可利用资源丰富,但利用难度大的问题。依据国家生态园林城市建设标准,提出中卫市生态园林城市绿地系统规划目标,将城市绿地系统规划为"一城三区,三轴贯穿,功能互补"的布局结构,即北部防风固沙生态景观区,中部城市景观环境建设区,南部黄河湿地游隙保护区,以及东西、南北、滨河三条生态景观轴,从整体布局到分类规划、近远期规划,确定中卫市绿地系统"绿环围城,多层防护,从外向内"的整体规划方向,实现将中卫市建设成生态园林城市的目的,并为其他沙漠边缘地带城市建设提供一定的借鉴。     

对国标中HPLC测定孔雀石绿及隐色孔雀石绿的方法改进

[目的]改善国家标准中测定孔雀石绿及隐色孔雀石绿的HPLC。[方法]在国家标准HPLC测定水产品中孔雀石绿(MG)及隐色孔雀石绿(LMG)残留量的基础上,适当优化测定方法,并探讨测定过程应注意的问题。[结果]从HPLC色谱图可以看出,MG和LMG达到了较好的分离。从标准曲线来看,MG和LMG都达到了较好的线性关系。从加标回收曲线来看,加标的MG和LMG也都达到了较好的线性关系。水产品肌肉组织中MGL、MG的检测限为2.0μg/kg。[结论]改善后的HPLC方法简便,精密度高,且没有使用剧毒试剂,适用于水产品中MG及LMG残留量的检测。     

绿色食品示范区区域布局

依据地区资源和地域优势,中国食品发展中心和蓟县人民政府联合创办了绿色食品天津翠屏湖示范区,示范区从总体上划分６大区,并就基地建设划分为“５区、２带、６大基地”     

Growth and survival of the juvenile yellowleg shrimp Farfantepenaeus californiensis cohabiting with the green feather alga Caulerpa sertularioides at different temperatures

This study was performed to determine the growth and survival patterns of the juvenile yellowleg shrimp Farfantepenaeus californiensis cohabiting with the green feather alga Caulerpa sertularioides over a range of temperatures (18, 22, 25, 28 and 32°C) found throughout the year in the Gulf of California. From an initial weight of 46 ± 10 mg, shrimp cohabiting with green feather algae increased in weight by an average of 0.57 (±0.07), 5.44 (±0.45), 6.36 (±0.37), 7.66 (±0.26) and 5.96 (±0.59) g at 18, 22, 25, 28 and 32°C, respectively, whereas shrimp grown without seaweed increased in weight by an average of 0.28 (±0.026), 2.66 (±0.24), 3.15 (±0.49), 4.00 (±0.67), and 3.54 (±0.09) g respectively. Statistically significant differences were observed for the growth rates of juvenile yellowleg shrimp in the presence of C. sertularioides and peak growth was observed at 28°C in experiments with macroalgae. No significant differences were observed for shrimp survival except at 32°C without macroalgae, where survival was lower. These results suggest a beneficial and growth‐promoting effect of cohabitation with live C. sertularioides on F. californiensis.     

山东地区樱桃绿环斑驳病毒(CGRMV)的RT-PCR检测及外壳蛋白基因的克隆

为调查我省甜樱桃感染樱桃绿环斑驳病毒(Cherry Green Ring Mottle Virus,CGRMV)情况,本研究以甜樱桃(Prunus avium L.)品种"红灯"叶片总RNA为模板,根据CGRMV基因组序列设计特异引物,对山东地区37份甜樱桃"红灯"样品进行RT-PCR检测,共检测出19份阳性样品。利用CGRMV外壳蛋白基因序列引物,从阳性植物样本中分离到约800 bp的目的片段,克隆测序,序列分析显示该片段全长807 bp,编码268个氨基酸,与GenBank中已登录的CGRMV分离物的外壳蛋白基因序列一致性为87%～97%,氨基酸序列相似性为95%～99%。该结果表明山东地区甜樱桃生产园中感染CGRMV的病例较为普遍。     

Routine metabolism of larval green sturgeon (Acipenser medirostris Ayres)

Routine metabolic rates of green sturgeon (Acipenser medirostris) from hatching to 31 days post hatch (dph) were determined under normoxic conditions. During the endogenous feeding stage that comprised period from hatching to 15 dph, the oxygen consumption rate (MO₂, μg O₂ larva⁻¹ h⁻¹) increased 5-fold before yolk reserves became exhausted and MO₂ rates steady. The allometric relationships between MO₂ and body mass had mass exponents greater than 1.0 (b=1.64±0.21) and equal to 1.0 (b=1.04±0.07) during the endogenous and exogenous feeding phases, respectively. The magnitude and changes of MO₂ rates in green sturgeon larvae reflected their early ontogeny, especially during the endogenous feeding phase when the increase in metabolic rates was associated with organogenesis, acquisition of organ functions, and the conversion of yolk sac into new tissues. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Broodstock spawning and larviculture of whiting (Merlangius merlangus L.) reared in captivity

In recent years, an increasing interest in the farming of marine ‘white’ fish, such as cod, has been observed in the aquaculture industry. One species being considered for aquaculture development is whiting (Merlangius merlangus L.). With little data being available on the domestication of this species, our study aimed to characterize spawning behaviour and rhythmicity in captive broodstock and provide original data on egg incubation, embryonic development and larval rearing. The results observed through video recording showed that spawning mainly occurred at night with active courtship behaviour. Daily egg batches were collected from two separate spawning seasons, with an average fertilization success declining from 77% to 53%. Time to hatch was inversely related to the incubation temperature and occurred after 78 degree‐days (9 days at 8 °C), with emerging larvae ranging in size from 3.3 to 3.46 mm total length and hatch success ranging from 48.3% to 99.9%. In comparison with a clear water environment, a green water regime during the first days of larval rearing significantly improved larval growth and survival. These results are the first to describe spawning activity, early development and larval performances in whiting and are promising for the potential future development of whiting aquaculture.