镁素处理对艾纳香药材生物量和营养元素积累的影响

以一年生艾纳香种子苗为实验材料,用七水合硫酸镁提供镁素,测定生长期艾纳香生长指标和生物量,采用 凯氏定氮仪测定艾纳香药材氮含量,采用钼锑抗比色法测定磷含量,以及采用原子吸收光谱法测定艾纳香药材钾、钙、 镁、铁、锰、铜和锌含量,以研究镁素对艾纳香药材生物量和营养元素积累的影响。结果表明：镁素显著增加了艾纳 香叶长、叶宽、株高和地径等生长指标,显著增加了艾纳香药材叶片、茎和叶茎总生物量,对叶茎生物量比影响不显 著;镁素对艾纳香叶片中氮含量影响不显著,钙和铁含量显著降低,1.5 mg/mL 镁素处理组磷、钾和镁含量显著高于其 他处理组,15 mg/mL 镁素处理组锰、锌和铜含量最低,显著低于其他处理组。在艾纳香生长期施加镁素可以促进艾纳 香生长,提高药材生物量,显著促进磷、钾和镁积累,抑制钙和铁的吸收,对氮影响不显著,15 mg/mL 镁素处理组锰、 锌和铜含量最低。     

镁的营养作用研究进展

镁是生物体内重要的阳离子,参与了体内所有的能量代谢,催化或激化300多种酶体系。本文综述了镁对动物体脂质过氧化、应激及脂类代谢等方面影响的研究近况,并探讨了其可能的作用机制。     

复方丙酸氯倍他索乳膏对小型猪皮肤长程涂布的毒性观察

目的：观察复方丙酸氯倍他索乳膏对小型猪皮肤长程涂布的毒性。方法：32只巴马小型猪随机分为低剂量组、中剂量组、高剂量组、对照组4组,每组8只。每日涂药1次,封包6h,连续8周,比较给药前后的动物外观体征、活动状态、体重增加、脏器系数、血液学常规、血液生化学、清晨血清皮质醇浓度,以及皮肤和内脏的病理改变。结果：低、中、高三种剂量对实验动物血液学常规、血液生化学、外观体征、活动状态,体重增加、脏器系数均无不良影响,涂药部位皮肤和心、肝,肾,肺、胃未见异常。但涂药部位肾上腺皮肤萎缩,血清皮质醇浓度下降,其程度随剂量和疗程增加而加强,停药2周后上述改变均可自行恢复。结论：丙酸氯倍他索引起毒性的靶器官是肾上腺皮质和涂药部位皮肤,剂量增加、时间延长其不良反应也增强,停药后可自行恢复。     

丙酸镁对西门塔尔牛尿嘌呤衍生物和微生物蛋白的影响

选用4头年龄3.5岁,体况良好,体重500kg的中国西门塔尔牛阉牛。采用4×4拉丁方设计,研究日粮添加丙酸镁(100g/d)、丙酸(87g/d)和氧化镁(24g/d)对尿嘌呤衍生物(PD)和微生物蛋白(MCP)的影响。结果表明:日粮中添加丙酸镁、丙酸和氧化镁后,丙酸镁组和丙酸组尿囊素、PD、微生物氮(MN)、MCP较对照组和氧化镁组显著提高(P<0.05),但丙酸镁组和丙酸组差异不显著(P>0.05)。日粮添加丙酸镁、丙酸和氧化镁对尿酸(uric acid)含量无显著影响(P>0.05)。日粮中添加丙酸镁和丙酸提高了尿囊素含量和PD、MN和MCP产量,但处理对尿酸没有影响。     

丙酸钙对泌乳早期奶牛泌乳性能和代谢产物的影响

选用32头经产奶牛,根据泌乳期、上个泌乳期305 d产奶量和预产期,采用随机区组设计分为4组,对照组饲喂基础日粮,处理1、2、3组分别在基础日粮基础上添加丙酸钙100、200、300 g/d.结果显示,日粮添加丙酸钙对奶牛的采食量、乳脂率、乳蛋白率、乳糖率和乳干物质率无显著影响,200、300 g/d组产奶量和饲料转化效率显著高于对照组(P<0.05).200、300 g/d组血浆葡萄糖和胰岛素浓度显著高于对照组(P<0.05),而血浆游离脂肪酸和β-羟丁酸浓度显著低于对照组(P<0.05);200、300 g/d组尿酮浓度显著低于对照组和100 g/d组(P<0.05).试验结果表明,丙酸钙适宜添加量为200 g/d.     

Effects of buckwheat growth on variation of aluminum and major metals in root‐zone soil solutions

The variation in and relationships between aluminum and other major metals including Ca, Mg, Mn, and K in root‐zone soil solutions were studied by growing buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench. cv. Jiangxi), an Al accumulator, in pots filled with an acid soil amended with CaCO₃ and unamended controls with a preinstalled nondestructive soil‐solution sampler. Soil solutions were collected every 7 d with a syringe connected to the sampler. The results showed that pH of the soil solution was not the only factor controlling the concentration of Al. Significant positive linear correlations were found between Al and Ca as well as between Al and Mg in soil solutions from the controls. The ratio of base cations (BC, Ca+Mg) to Al might partly explain the high Al resistance of buckwheat. Oxalate secretion from roots significantly activated Al in acid soils, which may be important for changes of Al in soil solutions, but it also caused decreased concentrations of Ca, Mg, and Mn. It is concluded that the variation of metal concentrations including Al, Ca, Mg, and Mn is a holistic effect involving competition for exchange sites among Ca, Mg, H, and Al, the chelation by oxalate secreted from roots, and metal uptake by buckwheat.     

The Effect of Aerosolized and Intravenously Administered Clenbuterol and Aerosolized Fluticasone Propionate on Horses Challenged with Aspergillus fumigatus Antigen

β-Agonists have been shown to display anti-inflammatory properties in several experimental models. The aim of this study was to investigate the anti-inflammatory properties of clenbuterol (CB), administered either intravenously or by aerosol, in comparison with fluticasone propionate (FP) in recurrent airway obstruction (RAO)-susceptible horses. Eight horses, of which five were known to be susceptible to RAO, underwent an inhalation challenge with Aspergillus fumigatus (AF) antigen and were treated with CB intravenously, CB by aerosol, or FP by aerosol. Twenty-four hours after the challenge, bronchoalveolar lavage was performed, the total and differential cell counts were assessed, and cytokines were measured in isolated alveolar macrophages. After challenge with AF, RAO-susceptible horses showed an increase in total cell count, based on an increase in macrophages and lymphocytes, which was inhibited by treatment with intravenous CB, aerosolized CB and aerosolized FP. Neutrophil ratios were decreased when treated with aerosolized CB and FP. Expression of interleukin (IL)-1β and IL −8 was significantly increased after AF challenge .Interleukin −1β was significantly decreased following treatment with intravenous CB, aerosolized CB and aerosolized FP, whereas only FP decreased the expression of IL-8. These data suggest that the anti-inflammatory property of CB provide new opportunities in the therapeutic intervention of early inflammation in RAO.     

硅钾镁肥配比对水稻产量的影响

在氮、磷固定的条件下,采用农业部推广的硅钾镁“3414”肥料设计进行多点试验,完善平衡配套施肥方案,建立不同品种的硅、钾、镁施用纯量与产量的效应函数模型,以期为寒地增产保优合理施肥提供科学依据。结果表明：不同品种的硅、钾、镁施用纯量与产量的效应函数模型不同;缺硅、缺钾、缺镁对水稻产量及产量构成因素的影响不同,同一地点不同品种对缺素表现出了相同的规律,钾对产量影响最大,其次是缺硅,影响最小的是镁;‘空育131’、‘垦粳1号’的处理6（Si2K2Mg2）、处理9（Si2K2Mg1）处理10（Si2K2Mg3）、处理13（Si1K2Mg1）产量都较高。‘空育131’处理13（Si1K2Mg1）产量最高为9173.10 kg/hm2;‘垦粳1号’处理9（Si2K2Mg1）产量最高为9162.45 kg/hm2。因此,要做到良种良法配套必须测土并针对品种进行施肥,才能达到高产优质的目的。     

Microstructures and tensile properties of commercial AZ31B magnesium alloy sheets

Uniaxial loading tests are performed on 0.8 mm thick sheets of commercial AZ31B magnesium alloy in the temperature range from room temperature to 400 ℃. The microstructures and tensile properties are studied. The results reveal that there are few twins in the deformation microstructures created when deformation occurres in temperatures ranging from room temperature to 100 ℃, and dynamic recrystallization take place at deformation temperatures exceeding 200 ℃. Commercial AZ31B magnesium alloy sheets have a preferable strength and ductility at room temperature. The ductility of the sheets is improved as the deformation temperature increases. Some characteristics of low temperature superplasticity or high strain rate superplasticity exist.     

农业用硫酸镁产品指标筛选及确定

为确定农业硫酸镁产品指标,通过收集分析农业用硫酸镁企业标准及产品田间肥效试验数据,开展样品检测等。结果表明:筛选镁(Mg)、硼(B)、铁(Fe)、水不溶物、pH、水分、汞(Hg)、砷(As)、镉(Cd)、铅(Pb)、铬(Cr)为农业用硫酸镁产品指标,并确定其指标值分别为镁8.5%、硼0.3%、铁0.2%、水不溶物1.0%、pH3.0~7.0、水分含量≤7.0%、Hg含量≤5 mg·kg~(-1)、As含量≤10 mg·kg~(-1)、Cd含量≤10 mg·kg~(-1)、Pb含量≤50mg·kg~(-1)、Cr含量≤50mg·kg~(-1)。