融安金柑黄化落果的原因调查研究

对融安金柑发生黄化落果的原因进行调查分析。结果表明,高温干旱、缺硼、缺镁是导致融安金柑黄化落果的主要原因。     

Influences of Y on the microstructures and mechanical properties of Mg-12Gd-1Zn-0.6Zr magnesium alloys

To develop Mg-Gd-Y based high-strength alloys and widen the application of magnesium alloys, the effects of Y addition on the microstructure and mechanical properties of Mg-12Gd-1Zn-0.6Zr alloy are investigated by using both optical and electron microscopy,X-ray diffraction (XRD),differential scanning calorimetric (DSC) analysis,and tensile test．The results indicate that adding 2%Y to the Mg-12Gd-1Zn-0.6Zr alloy does not cause an obvious change in the as-cast microstructure of the alloy. However,after adding 3%and 4%Y,the as-cast microstructure of the alloy is coarsened,and simultaneously the morphology of the secondary phases in the alloy is changed from the initial discontinuous fine network to thick skeleton-like frame. Furthermore,adding 2%-4%Y to the Mg-12Gd-1Zn-0.6Zr alloy can also refine the grains of the as-extruded alloy,and adding 2%and 3%Y can obtain higher refining efficiency than adding 4%Y. In addition,adding 2%-4%Y to the Mg-12Gd-1Zn-0.6Zr alloy can also effectively improve the ultimate tensile strength and yield strength of the as-extruded alloy,and the ultimate tensile strength,yield strength and elongation of the as-extruded alloy with the addition of 2%Y can reach 348.8 MPa,256.8 MPa and 14.7%,respectively.     

Deformation behavior of alloy AZ31-0.5Sr-1.5Y at elevated temperature

The uniaxial hot compression test with Gleeble-1500D thermal simulator is performed on AZ31-0.5Sr-1.5Y alloy in the temperature range of 250-450 ℃ and stain rates of 0.01-1 s -1 with the maximum deformation degree of 0.85. The hot deformation behavior and hot workability of the alloy are studied. The constitutive equation and processing map of the alloy are established and studied by optical microstructure observation. The results show that the steady flow stress of AZ31-0.5Sr-1.5Y deforms at elevated temperatures can be described by the hyperbolic sine constitutive equation, and the activation energy is about 186.83 kJ/mol. After analyzing the hot processing map, at the true strain of 0.6, there is one unsafe deformation zone in the deformation temperature range of 250-300 ℃ and the strain rate range of 0.3-1 s -1. The optimal processing parameters obtained in the present work are the temperature range of 300-400 ℃ and strain rates of 0.01-1 s -1.     

Equine piroplasmosis: An updated review

Equine piroplasmosis (EP) is a tick‐borne protozoal disease. The causative agents are Babesia caballi and Theileria equi. Horses infected with T. equi remain carriers for life. Iatrogenic means can also be factors for transmission. Typical clinical signs of acute EP can include fever, anorexia, anaemia, icterus, congested mucous membranes, tachypnoea and tachycardia, sweating, and limb and supraorbital oedema. In severe cases, haemoglobinuria and bilirubinuria are present as well as a variety of atypical presentations due to organ damage and dysfunction. Because clinical pathology is not specific of EP, accurate diagnosis requires specific diagnostic tests. The value and the pertinence of blood smears, polymerase chain reaction and serological tests are presented. Imidocarb propionate is considered as the drug of choice against EP. However, treatment strategies differ greatly between endemic and nonendemic regions. In endemic regions the goal is to reduce clinical disease because premunition plays an important role in the protection of horses, while in nonendemic regions the goal of treatment is to eliminate the risk of transmission with sterilising treatment protocols. As there is no effective vaccine available to date, prevention relies mainly on drug therapy, restriction in the movement of infected horses, and control of tick vectors.     

生石灰和钙镁磷肥对晚稻生长及稻米镉含量的影响

为研究不同培肥措施对镉污染稻田的修复效果,采用小区试验的方法,研究了生石灰和钙镁磷肥及与化肥、有机肥配施对土壤镉有效性、水稻生长和稻米镉含量的影响。结果表明:施用生石灰、钙镁磷肥可以显著提高土壤pH值,其增幅为10.5%～16.1%,其中耦合石灰、钙镁磷肥和化肥(NPKML)处理增幅最大,达到16.1%,施用生石灰次之、钙镁磷肥增幅最小。有机肥与生石灰、有机肥与化肥和生石灰配施可使土壤有效镉含量降低7.9%～23.5%、使糙米的镉含量降低35.1%～47.5%,其中NPKML对两者的降低效果最佳。施用生石灰、钙镁磷肥等对水稻生长和稻谷品质没有显著影响。研究表明,有机肥、化肥、钙镁磷肥和石灰合理配施,对镉污染稻田修复具有较好的效果。     

不同钝化剂对铅锌矿区周边农田镉铅污染钝化修复研究

采用大田试验和盆栽试验,研究了海泡石(S)、石灰(L)、腐植酸(H)、生物炭(B)和钙镁磷肥(P)对云南某铅锌矿区周边玉米农田的修复效果,并采用BCR形态分级试验研究土壤钝化前后重金属形态的变化。结果表明:石灰和海泡石可显著提高土壤pH。钝化处理可显著降低DTPA提取态Cd、Pb含量,盆栽试验中,生物炭45 t·hm~(-2)处理对Cd钝化效率可达45.3%,石灰2.25 t·hm~(-2)处理对Pb钝化效率可达60.6%;大田试验中,钙镁磷肥3 t·hm~(-2)处理对Cd最高钝化效率可达48.3%,石灰4.5 t·hm~(-2)处理对Pb钝化效率可达25.3%。石灰、海泡石和生物炭对重金属形态变化影响显著,可促进重金属由高活性形态向低活性形态转换。钝化处理可显著降低玉米籽粒中Cd、Pb含量,生物炭22.5 t·hm~(-2)处理下,Cd最大降幅85%,作物达到食品安全国家标准(GB 2762—2012,Cd≤0.1 mg·kg-1),石灰4.5 t·hm~(-2)处理下,Pb最大降幅59.6%,但未达到食品安全国家标准(GB 2762—2012,Pb≤0.2 mg·kg-1)。部分钝化剂可以起到增产的作用,腐植酸22.5 t·hm~(-2)处理下可增产29.1%。综合分析不同钝化剂及其施用量的效果可知,海泡石和石灰是对该矿区周边Cd、Pb污染农田修复效果最佳的钝化剂,最佳施用量分别为海泡石45 t·hm~(-2)和石灰2.25 t·hm~(-2)。     

施钙与覆膜栽培对缺钙红壤花生Mg、Fe、Zn吸收,积累及分配的影响

为探究施钙与覆膜栽培对花生植株Mg、Fe、Zn营养改善状况,以大籽品种湘花2008和南方典型第四纪红土发育的缺钙酸性红壤为试验材料,设置3个基施钙肥梯度[不施钙(Ca0)、施钙375 kg·hm^-2(Ca375)、施钙750 kg·hm^-2(Ca750)]和2种栽培方式[露地(OF)、覆膜栽培(PF)],采用土柱栽培,研究施钙与覆膜栽培对植株Mg、Fe、Zn含量,积累及籽仁分配系数的影响。结果表明,增施钙肥明显提高了花生茎秆、根系、果针、籽仁中Mg和Fe含量,其中,Ca750-OF处理较Ca0-OF分别提高19.2%、10.4%、38.6%、3.1%和21.5%、30.9%、27.5%、20.0%,但显著降低了叶、茎秆、果壳及籽仁中Zn含量。覆膜栽培提高了茎秆、果针、籽仁Mg含量及果壳、籽仁Zn含量,较露地栽培分别提高10.8%、12.2%,但降低了花生叶、茎秆、根系Fe和Zn含量。施钙与覆膜栽培增加了花生植株、生殖体(针壳、籽仁)Mg积累量、籽仁Mg分配系数。施钙实现花生整个植株体Fe积累量的富集,其籽仁Fe分配系数显著提高68.8%,而覆膜栽培籽仁Fe和Zn积累量显著高于露地栽培。增施钙肥降低了花生营养体Zn积累量,显著提高了籽仁Zn积累量及籽仁Zn分配系数,提高效果表现为Ca750>Ca375。年份、施钙处理、栽培措施三者间对籽仁积累量及分配系数存在正交互作用。植株Ca积累量与Mg、Fe积累量呈极显著正相关,存在协同吸收关系。综上,施钙与覆膜栽培促进了土壤活化,有利于花生植株中Mg、Fe的吸收,加快Mg、Fe、Zn向籽仁的富集,进一步扩大“库容”。本研究结果为南方酸性缺钙红壤旱地改良及花生高产高效栽培提供了理论依据。     

High potassium to magnesium ratio affected the growth and magnesium uptake of three tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) cultivars

Potassium(K) and magnesium(Mg) levels and their balances are two factors affecting the growth of plant. However, the responses of different crop cultivars to K/Mg ratios are less clear. This study was aimed at assessing the different responses of tomato(Solanum Lycopersicum L.) cultivars to the different K/Mg supply ratios. Three tomato cultivars(Zhongza 9(ZZ), Gailiangmaofen(MF), and Jinpengchaoguan(JP)) were grown in pots with three different K~+/Mg~(2+) ratios(4:0, 4:1 and 8:1, represented by K/Mg_(4:0), K/Mg_(4:1), and K/Mg_(8:1), respectively). Compared with K/Mg_(4:1) treatment, the leaf chlorophyll content, net photosynthetic rate, and total biomass of tomato seedlings under K/Mg_(4:0) treatments were decreased by 69.7, 89.1, and 53.1%, respectively. The Mg deficiency symptoms were observed when the Mg content in shoot became lower than 4 mg g~(–1) DW. Compared with K/Mg_(4:1) treatment, total biomass of tomato seedlings of K/Mg_(8:1) treatment was decreased by 21.6%; the shoot and root Mg contents were decreased by 10.4 and 21.8%, respectively; and Mg uptake of tomato was reduced by 34.1%. There were significant differences in biomass and Mg uptake for the three cultivars between the different K~+/Mg~(2+) treatments. The Mg uptake of the three different cultivars ranked as ZZJPMF under Mg deficiency and high K condition. In conclusion, the growth and Mg uptake and allocation of tomato were influenced significantly by imbalance K and Mg supply. JP and ZZ were the cultivars with the highest efficiency in Mg uptake.     

磷肥用量对冬作马铃薯镁素积累与分配特征的影响

以费乌瑞它脱毒种薯为材料,通过大田试验研究4个磷肥水平,即0(P0)、45.0(P1)、90.0(P2)、135.0(P3)kg/hm~2对冬作马铃薯镁积累与分配特征的影响。结果表明:各处理马铃薯整株镁积累量呈先升高后降低变化趋势,齐苗后17~45 d为快速积累期,在齐苗后59 d出现峰值,齐苗后73 d,各处理全株镁积累量表现为:P1P2P3P0;块茎镁积累量呈持续升高趋势,齐苗后73 d,各处理块茎镁积累量表现为:P1P2P3P0,但各处理间并未产生显著差异;各处理镁在叶片中的分配比例均呈逐渐降低趋势;镁在茎中的分配比例整体呈逐渐降低趋势,变幅不大,而在块茎中的分配比例呈持续上升趋势;整个生育期间,镁在各生育阶段各器官的分配比例呈现:叶茎(齐苗后3 d);叶茎块茎(齐苗后17 d);叶块茎茎(齐苗后31~45 d);块茎叶茎(齐苗后59~73 d)的动态变化过程,镁在块茎中的分配率以P1处理最大,为60.38%。供试条件下,磷肥施用量在P1水平下可提高马铃薯镁积累量,P2、P3水平的用量则会降低镁的积累;平均每生产1 000 kg块茎,植株需从土壤中吸收镁0.253 kg.