PEG胁迫下水稻根外皮层厚壁细胞的解剖学研究

通过PEG模拟干旱胁迫,采用Spurr树脂半薄切片结合显微观察的方法,比较水稻和旱稻根外皮层边缘厚壁细胞的形态差异,研究根外皮层边缘厚壁细胞加厚的规律.结果表明: 随PEG浓度的升高,水稻(扬稻6号)根外皮层边缘厚壁细胞的胞壁宽度明显增加;旱稻(中旱3号)对低浓度PEG胁迫不太敏感,当PEG浓度达50 g·L-1以上时,根外层厚壁细胞表现出明显加厚的趋势,且随PEG胁迫时间延长,厚壁细胞栓质化程度变高.推测水稻根系在干旱胁迫条件下具有一定的缓冲能力,外皮层边缘厚壁细胞在根外层导水率方面发挥显著的质外体屏障作用,可有效地防止水分丧失,保护根组织免受干旱的伤害.     

Oxytocin Cells in the Supraoptic Nucleus Receive Excitatory Synaptic Inputs from the Contralateral Supraoptic and Paraventricular Nuclei in the Lactating Rat

The present experiments were undertaken to examine whether oxytocin cells in the supraoptic nucleus receive synaptic inputs from the contralateral supraoptic nucleus or paraventricular nucleus. Using urethane-anesthetized lactating rats, extracellular action potentials were recorded from single oxytocin or vasopressin cells in the supraoptic nucleus. Electrical stimulation was applied to the contralateral supraoptic nucleus or paraventricular nucleus, and responses of oxytocin or vasopressin cells were analyzed by peri-stimulus time histogram or by change in firing rate of oxytocin or vasopressin cells. Electrical stimulation of the contralateral supraoptic nucleus or paraventricular nucleus did not cause antidromic excitation in oxytocin or vasopressin cells but caused orthodromic responses. Although analysis by peri-stimulus time histogram showed that electrical stimulation of the contralateral supraoptic nucleus or paraventricular nucleus caused orthodromic excitation in both oxytocin and vasopressin cells, the proportion of excited oxytocin cells was greater than that of vasopressin cells. Train stimulation applied to the contralateral supraoptic nucleus or paraventricular nucleus at 10 Hz increased firing rates of oxytocin cells and decreased those of vasopressin cells. The results of the present experiments suggest that oxytocin cells in the supraoptic nucleus receive mainly excitatory synaptic inputs from the contralateral supraoptic nucleus and paraventricular nucleus. Receipt these synaptic inputs to oxytocin cells may contribute to the synchronized activation of oxytocin cells during the milk ejection reflex.     

转基因水稻对稻瘟病的抗性研究

 采用苗期初筛、复筛、抗谱测定和田间自然诱发试验等不同鉴定方法,对经分子检测证明已整合有碱性几丁质酶基因和β-1,3-葡聚精酶基因的22个转化系的转基因水稻植株进行稻瘟病抗性鉴定研究,筛选出对稻瘟病的抗性比原种对照七丝软占有明显提高的一系列转基因水稻品系,其中表现高抗的有来自F4-9转化株系的7个品系。高抗材料的R7代品系,经室内抗谱测定及田间病圃试验结果,仍然表现高抗稻瘟病。本研究通过转基因技术,成功地将优质感病品种改良成高抗品系,研究结果证明了利用基因工程手段培育抗病水稻新品种是一个非常有希望的育种途径。     

3-甲基喹噁啉-2-羧酸的制备及其细胞毒性

通过贝鲁特反应和还原、脱羧反应在体外合成制备3-甲基喹噁啉-2-羧酸,并进行理化鉴定和抗菌活性测试;通过MTT方法研究3-甲基喹噁啉-2-羧酸对多种细胞的生长抑制作用,利用单细胞电泳研究其对细胞DNA的损伤作用,利用流式细胞术研究其对细胞周期的改变。结果显示,体外成功合成制备出3-甲基喹噁啉-2-羧酸,而3-甲基喹噁啉-2-羧酸几乎没有抗菌效果,对多种细胞的生长抑制作用较弱,在剂量检测范围内细胞抑制率不到30%,但在一定剂量下能导致细胞DNA损伤,主要表现为尾长和尾部DNA含量显著升高;并且3-甲基喹噁啉-2-羧酸也能改变Chang细胞的细胞周期,表现为S期阻滞。结果表明,3-甲基喹噁啉-2-羧酸具有一定的细胞毒性。     

The use of COLD‐PCR,DHPLC and GeneScanning for the highly sensitive detection of c‐KIT somatic mutations in canine mast cell tumours

The conventional polymerase chain reaction (PCR)/sequencing methods may be poorly suited for the detection of somatic mutations in canine mast cell tumour (MCT) samples owing to limited sensitivity. This study was aimed at establishing novel and more sensitive methods, assessing their limit of detection and comparing their sensitivity with conventional methods.Two different ‘driver’ somatic mutations of c‐KIT, together with the wild‐type counterparts, were cloned in plasmids to prepare standard samples with known concentrations of mutated alleles in a background of wild‐type alleles; the plasmids standards were assayed using either conventional or novel, highly sensitive technique. Conventional PCR/sequencing showed a sensitivity of 50–20%. Conversely, all the novel methods obtained higher sensitivities allowed reaching as low as 2.5–1.2% of the mutated DNA.The study demonstrates that early conventional methods could likely have underestimated the prevalence of KIT mutations of MCTs, therefore affecting the assessment of their relevance in prognosis and tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) treatment effectiveness.     

富硒麦芽对肝癌间质微血管密度及癌细胞增殖的影响

将体重为120～150 g的清洁级SD雄性大鼠145 只随机分为4组:对照组(25只)、肝癌模型组(40只)、亚硒酸钠组(40只)和富硒麦芽组(40只).在对照组和模型组大鼠日粮中添加亚硒酸钠至硒含量达到饲养标准(0.1 mg·kg-1),在亚硒酸钠组和富硒麦芽组日粮中分别添加亚硒酸钠和富硒麦芽使硒含量均达到3.0 mg·kg-1.除对照组外,其余各组连续16周饮用含100 mg·L-1的二乙基亚硝胺(DEN)溶液以诱癌,然后改饮自来水至18周末.每组于4、8、12、16和18周时随机挑取5只大鼠断头处死,肝脏切片经增殖细胞核抗原(PCNA)免疫组化染色后计数肝癌组织中PCNA阳性细胞并计算PCNA指数(PI);取第18周肝脏上的癌结节经第8因子相关抗原(FⅧ-Rag)抗体免疫组化染色后,计数肝癌组织中的新生微血管数目并计算微血管密度(MVD).结果表明:2个补硒组大鼠MVD值及PCNA阳性细胞数显著低于模型组;与亚硒酸钠组相比较,富硒麦芽组大鼠MVD值及PCNA阳性细胞数显著降低.上述结果提示:富硒麦芽较亚硒酸钠更能有效抑制肿瘤组织新生血管形成,从而更有效抑制肿瘤细胞增殖.     

中西药抗鸡新城疫病毒的体外试验研究

应用细胞培养的方法观辑了40味中药和4种西药抗鸡新城疫病毒的体外活性。结果表明，40味中药中15味有一定的治疗效果，药物选择指数在2．29—13．3之间；18味有一定的预防效果，药物选择指数在2．21—69．4之间；4种西药中仅利巴韦林有治疗和预防效果，药物选择指数分别为433．3和343．7。     

程序性细胞死亡因子10抑制Ⅰ型干扰素表达并促进FMDV复制

旨在探究宿主蛋白程序性细胞死亡因子10(programmed cell death factor 10,PDCD10)通过抑制Ⅰ型干扰素表达进而促进口蹄疫病毒(foot-and-mouth disease virus,FMDV)的复制.首先,本研究验证了过表达和沉默PD-CD10对FMDV复制的影响,接着利用双荧光素酶...     

应用分子靶点药物治疗犬肥大细胞瘤的研究进展

犬肥大细胞瘤因其恶性率和转移率都较高,并且常规化疗药物副作用较强,患犬生存期和生存质量显著下降,因此急需新型的药物进行治疗。近几年,治疗肿瘤的分子靶点药物凭借其疗效好、副作用低的特点,受到越来越广泛的关注,特别是在治疗犬肥大细胞瘤的应用中效果显著。论文重点介绍了欧美小动物临床最常用的伊马替尼、托赛拉尼、马赛替尼这3种以异常KIT为靶点的药物及其药物作用机理及药效,最后介绍了由c-kit基因二次突变所导致的耐药问题及其预防措施,期望能对我国小动物临床医师和科研工作者有所启发。