麦瘟病研究进展与展望

由Magnaporthe oryzae引起的麦瘟病是一种毁灭性小麦真菌病害,过去仅在南美流行,可造成10%~100%减产。2016年该病害首次在亚洲出现,给世界小麦生产带来重大潜在威胁。本文对麦瘟病病原生物学与病害流行学、小麦抗性材料筛选、麦瘟病的抗病性机制和综合治理等进行评述,并介绍了该领域国际合作研究的成功经验,以期为国内开展类似工作提供借鉴。尽管我国尚无麦瘟病报道,但南方部分地区为潜在适生区,异常气候可能会导致其在大范围流行,因此需高度警惕。建议与国际麦瘟病协作网合作,尽快开展麦瘟病相关研究,建立对此病害的监测预警和防治关键技术储备体系,以保障我国小麦生产安全。     

大泷六线鱼鳍、吻端和肾脏组织原代培养的研究

应用组织块培养法,研究了大泷六线鱼Hexagrammos otakii鳍、吻端和肾脏细胞在含有体积分数为20％胎牛血清(FBS)的L-15、DMEM和DMEM/F12 3种培养基中的生长情况,以及人碱性成纤维细胞(bFGF)、硫酸软骨素、Ⅰ型胰岛素样(IGF-Ⅰ)3种生长因子对细胞贴壁率和迁出率的影响.结果表明:大泷六线鱼鳍、吻端和肾脏细胞适宜的体外培养体系为DMEM/F12培养基+20％ FBS,pH为7.2,温度为25℃;在最适培养基中分别添加5.0 ng/mL bFGF、20 μg/mL硫酸软骨素、40 ng/mL IGF-Ⅰ时,3种组织的贴壁率和细胞迁出率均最高;鳍、吻端和肾脏组织分别经培养21、15、18 d后长满单层,主要为成纤维样细胞;采用低渗滴片法制备染色体,3种组织原代细胞的染色体数目为48条.本研究为大泷六线鱼鳍、吻端和肾脏组织细胞系的构建和生物学特性的研究奠定了基础.     

玉米子粒胚乳细胞增殖与库容充实的关系

采用生长分析法和细胞计数法研究了掖单13和石单3号两个玉米品种子粒灌浆与胚乳细胞增殖的关系,结果表明：同一品种粒重的差异是由灌浆速度决定的,而不同品种粒重的差异则是灌浆持续期的长短造成的。胚乳细胞数与灌浆速度和灌浆持续期均呈极显著相关,表明胚乳细胞数的不同是引起粒重不同的主要原因。同时对库容提出新的表达式。     

罗勒(Ocimum basilieum)原生质体的分离和纯化

以罗勒愈伤组织、悬浮培养细胞、无菌苗幼叶为材料,研究了罗勒原生质体的分离纯化方法及影响因素。结果表明:材料的起始状态对原生质体分离的产量、质量均有明显影响;以泥状愈伤组织为材料,其原生质体的产量(以鲜重测)可达1.25×107个/g,存活率大于94%。该原生质体可进一步用于罗勒的原生质体培养与细胞融合。     

A solar-powered wireless cell for dynamically monitoring soil water content

In various agricultural activities, such as irrigation scheduling, tillage operation and nutrient management, soil water content is regarded as an essential parameter. For the demand of monitoring soil water dynamics at field scale, this study presents a solar-powered wireless cell that contained a water content sensor, two temperature sensors, an optical sensor, a communication module and a data-logger. To evaluate its feasibility in the field, three cells were independently installed in a bare plot, a maize plot and a sugarbeet plot in the summer of 2008. By a heavy rain event (20 mm, 6 h) during the experimental period, different responses of soil water content sensors were dynamically recorded and then analyzed under each canopy condition. In addition, to explore the possibility of reducing the dimensions of the cell under the condition of sufficient energy supply, various sizes of the solar panel were tested. The experimental results showed that the cell is promising to become a node of wireless network in the field.     

广东省主栽水稻品种稻瘟病主效抗性基因的鉴定及分析

 利用稻瘟病抗性基因进行抗病新品种的培育是控制稻瘟病害最经济、有效的措施。为了明确当前广东省水稻稻瘟病抗性基因的分布特点,本研究利用Pi1、Pi2、Pi9、Pib、Pita等5个已克隆主效抗稻瘟病基因的分子标记,结合叶瘟和穗颈瘟自然抗性鉴定,对70份广东省主栽水稻品种和骨干亲本抗稻瘟病基因的组成进行了分析。结果显示,含有Pi2抗性基因的水稻品种有10份(占14.3%),抗性贡献率显著;Pib和Pita的检出率较高,分别为42份(60%)和37份(52.9%),但对广东省稻瘟病菌的抗性较弱;未检测到上述已知主效抗稻瘟病基因的有13份(18.6%),表现为感稻瘟病;全部供试材料均未检测到含有Pi1和Pi9抗性基因。本研究揭示了广东省主栽水稻品种和骨干亲本抗稻瘟病基因的组成及其对稻瘟病抗性的贡献,为华南稻区抗病新品种的培育提供重要参考。     

Mechanism of endothelial microparticle generation in hypertension and its pathophysiological roles

Hypertension is closely related to many target organ damage. Endothelial microparticles (EMPs), derived from endothelial cells in response to endothelial cell activation or apoptosis, are complex vesicular structures with a membrane skeleton and express various antigens specific to parental endothelial cells. EMPs circulate in human plasma and show elevated levels in many vascular damage diseases, such as hypertension, atherosclerotic vascular diseases, sepsis and diabetes. Recent studies have shown that EMPs could be a comprehensive index for endothelial homeostasis monitoring, such as vasomotor activity, anti-inflammatory status and so on. Especially, more and more evidence suggests that EMPs play an important role in hypertension. Patients with hypertension show higher circulating levels of EMPs compared with healthy controls. Furthermore, increasing evidence demonstrates that EMPs can induce endothelial dysfunction in vitro and in vivo, and then further promote the development of hypertension and its complications. This review will summarize the progress in the definition and formation mechanisms of EMPs, levels of EMPs and their phenotypes in patients with hypertension, and the pathophysiological roles of EMPs in hypertension.     

长江下游粳稻稻瘟病广谱抗性基因组合模式分析

[目的]基因聚合是实现水稻稻瘟病广谱抗性的有效途径之一.通过构建粳稻背景下不同双基因聚合系,利用长江下游粳型稻瘟病菌(Magnaporthe oryzea)菌株评价其抗性效应并解析其抗性效应产生的构成因子,为长江下游粳稻抗稻瘟病育种提供广谱抗性基因组合模式和种质资源.[方法]以粳稻07GY31为背景的Piz基因座不同复...     

胡萝卜悬浮细胞系及高效再生系统的建立

以胡萝卜块根为材料诱导愈伤组织,并建立悬浮细胞系,然后将悬浮细胞和愈伤组织分别转入分化培养基进行分化培养。结果表明,胡萝卜块根形成层愈伤组织诱导率为100%,最佳激素种类和用量为2,4!D0.1mg/L;根据外观可将愈伤组织大致分为4种类型,I型是直接建立悬浮细胞系的良好来源,Ⅲ型经继代培养后可用于悬浮细胞系的建立;静止法是胡萝卜悬浮细胞系简单而有效的继代方法;胡萝卜愈伤组织分化的最佳培养基是MS或B5基本培养基,MS培养基上的再生苗可直接生根,而B5培养基上的再生苗在原培养基上很难生根,需要转移到MS培养基上才能生根。