加减血府逐瘀汤对慢性阻塞性肺疾病稳定期患者生活质量的影响

目的 观察加减血府逐瘀汤对瘀血阻络型慢性阻塞性肺疾病（COPD）稳定期患者的肺功能和生活质量的影响。方法 将瘀血阻络型COPD稳定期Ⅰ~Ⅲ级患者共80例,根据随机数字表法分为对照组和观察组,每组40例。对照组患者给予噻托溴铵粉吸入剂治疗,观察组患者在对照组的基础上加服加减血府逐瘀汤治疗,两组疗程均为2个月。观察两组患者治疗前后的1 s用力呼气量（FEV1）、最大通气量（MVV）、用力肺活量（FVC）、圣乔治呼吸问卷（SGRQ）、临床症状和体征的变化情况。结果 治疗后两组患者的FEV1、MVV均有所改善,但差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）;治疗后观察组患者FVC改善优于对照组（P<0.05）;治疗后两组患者SGRQ各项积分均有明显改善（P < 0.05,P < 0.01）,且观察组改善优于对照组（P<0.01）;治疗后两组患者的临床症状和体征均有明显改善（P<0.05）,且观察组在喘息、易感冒、气短方面的改善优于对照组（P<0.05）。结论 加减血府逐瘀汤联合西药对瘀血阻络型COPD稳定患者具有良好的疗效,能够改善患者的生活质量,值得临床推广应用。     

复方万年青胶囊联合美施康定治疗97例肺癌重度疼痛患者的临床观察

目的 观察复方万年青胶囊联合美施康定（硫酸吗啡缓释片）控制肺癌重度疼痛的效果。方法 回顾性调查97例肺癌重度疼痛患者,随机分为2组,对照组47例,采用美施康定治疗;试验组50例,采用复方万年青胶囊联合美施康定治疗,观察2组的抗癌痛效果、美施康定的人均维持日剂量、生活质量改善情况及不良反应发生情况。结果 与对照组相比,试验组抗癌痛效果较优（P<0.05）,美施康定的人均维持日剂量较小（P<0.05）,生活质量改善更明显（P<0.05）,毒副作用更小。结论 复方万年青胶囊联合美施康定治疗肺癌重度疼痛,能明显缓解癌痛,增强止痛效果,减轻不良反应,提高生活质量。     

Comparison of direct sampling and brochoalveolar lavage for determining active drug concentrations in the pulmonary epithelial lining fluid of calves injected with enrofloxacin or tilmicosin

Antibiotic distribution to interstitial fluid (ISF) and pulmonary epithelial fluid (PELF) was measured and compared to plasma drug concentrations in eight healthy calves. Enrofloxacin (Baytril^® 100) was administered at a dose of 12.5 mg/kg subcutaneously (SC), and tilmicosin (Micotil^® 300) was administered at a dose of 20 mg/kg SC. PELF, sampled by two different methods—bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) and direct sampling (DS)—plasma, and ISF were collected from each calf and measured for tilmicosin, enrofloxacin and its metabolite ciprofloxacin by HPLC. Pharmacokinetic analysis was performed on the concentrations in each fluid, for each drug. The enrofloxacin/ciprofloxacin concentration as measured by AUC in DS samples was 137 ± 72% higher than in plasma, but in BAL samples, this value was 535 ± 403% (p < .05). The concentrations of tilmicosin in DS and BAL samples exceeded plasma drug concentrations by 567 ± 189% and 776 ± 1138%, respectively. The enrofloxacin/ciprofloxacin concentrations collected by DS were significantly different than those collected by BAL, but the tilmicosin concentrations were not significantly different between the two methods. Concentrations of enrofloxacin/ciprofloxacin exceeded the MIC values for bovine respiratory disease pathogens but tilmicosin did not reach MIC levels for these pathogens in any fluids.     

Diffusion‐limited PBPK model for predicting pulmonary pharmacokinetics of florfenicol in pig

For most bacterial lung infections, the concentration of unbound antimicrobial agent in lung interstitial fluid has been thought to be responsible for antimicrobial efficacy. In this study, a diffusion‐limited physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model was developed to predict the pulmonary pharmacokinetics of florfenicol (FF) in pigs. The model included separate compartments corresponding to blood, diffusion‐limited lung, flow‐limited muscle, liver, and kidney and an extra compartment representing the remaining carcass. The absorption rate constant and renal and hepatic clearance of FF were determined in vivo. Other parameters were taken from the literature or optimized based on existing pharmacokinetic data. All mathematical operations during the development of the model were performed using acslXtreme version 3.0.2.1 (Aegis Technologies Group, Inc., Huntsville, AL, USA). The model accurately predicted the concentration–time courses of FF in lung interstitial fluid, serum, and plasma following different dosing schedules, except at the dose of 15 mg/kg. When compared with the tissue residue data, the model generally underestimated the FF concentration at the injection site, whereas it gave good predictions of FF concentrations in lung, liver, and kidney at early time points. The model predictions provide a scientific basis for the dosage regimen design of FF.     

“六字诀”呼吸训练法对老年气虚体质肺癌术后患者体质与生活质量的影响

目的 探讨"六字诀"呼吸训练法对老年气虚体质肺癌术后患者体质和生活质量的影响。方法 将2016年5月~2017年5月住院的60例老年气虚体质肺癌术后患者随机分为试验组和对照组,试验组在对照组基础上加用"六字诀"呼吸训练法,结合中医体质分类与判定量表和癌症患者生活质量测定量表EORTC QLQ-C30,观察患者体质与生活质量情况。结果 试验结束后,两组气虚质得分差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。EORTC QLQ-C30评分,入院第一天,两组差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）;第30天后,试验组患者角色功能、情绪功能、认知功能领域和总健康状况均高于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）,试验组在症状领域得分均低于对照组。结论 "六字诀"呼吸训练法可改善患者老年气虚质肺癌术后患者体质,提高其生活质量。     

Protective effect of HSF1 on mice with LPS-induced acute lung injury and screening of relevant differentially-expressed genes

AIM: To study the protective effect of heat shock factor1 (HSF1) on the mice with lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced acute lung injury (ALI), and to screen the relevant differentially-expressed genes. METHODS: ALI mouse model was established by LPS intracheal instillation. The macroscopic and pathological changes of the lung tissue were observed, and the concentrations of total protein, TNF-α, IL-β, IL-6 and VEGF in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were analyzed. Differentially-expressed genes in the lung tissues of HSF1^+/+ mice and HSF1^-/- mice with ALI induced by LPS were screened by gene chips. The key gene was verified by real-time qPCR. RESULTS: The macroscopic and pathological changes of the lung injury in HSF1^-/-+LPS mice were more serious than those in HSF1^+/++LPS mice. The concentrations of total protein, VEGF, TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 in the BALF of HSF1^-/-+LPS mice were significantly higher than those of HSF1^+/++LPS mice (P<0.05). Compared with the HSF1^+/+ mice, a total of 918 differentially-expressed genes were indentified in the HSF1^-/- mice, among which the expression levels of 65 genes had obvious diffe-rence, with 28 genes up-regulated, including Atg7, ccr1, cxcr2, Tbl1xr1, Mmp9, Pparg, Plcb2, Arrb2, Cntn1, Col4a6, etc, and 37 genes down-regulated, including Fgfr1, Fgfr2, Map4k4, Ddx58, Tfg, Stat3, Smad4, Lamc1, Sdc3, etc. The results of real-time qPCR showed that the mRNA level of CXCR2 in HSF1^-/-+ LPS mice was significantly higher than that in HSF1^+/++ LPS mice, which was consistent with the results of gene chips. CONCLUSION: HSF1 has protective effect on the mice with LPS-induced ALI. CXCR2 may be involved in the protective effect of HSF1 on this process.     

Lack of Modifying Effects of Intratracheal Instillation of Quartz or Dextran Sulfate Sodium (DSS) in Drinking Water on Lung Tumor Development Initiated with 4-(Methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK) in Female A/J Mice

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effects of inflammation, induced by intratracheal instillation (i.t.) of quartz as an environmental factor in the lung or drinking of dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) as an environmental factor in the colon on lung tumors in female A/J mice initiated with NNK. For comparison, colonic preneoplastic lesions, aberrant crypt foci (ACF), were also assessed. A/J mice at 6 weeks of age were divided into 5 groups, and Groups 1, 2 and 3 were pretreated with NNK (2 mg / 0.1 ml saline / mouse, intraperitoneal injection) at week 0. For a week, 2% DSS in drinking water was administered to the mice in Groups 2 and 4 beginning in week 1. In week 2, the mice of Groups 3 and 5 were exposed to intratracheal instillation of quartz (0.1 mg/rat) suspended in 25 μl saline. The experiment was terminated after 16 weeks. The results for the lung tumors and colonic ACFs showed a lack of modifying effects of the inflammation in either site. Hematologically and histopathologically, the inflammation induced by 0.1 mg quartz in the lung and 2% DSS in the colon was lacking or only mild at the end of 16 weeks. These results suggest that there may be differences in sensitivity to inflammation that determine tumor promoting potential.     

Acute pulmonary edema in a dog with severe pulmonary valve stenosis: A rare complication after balloon valvuloplasty

Pulmonic stenosis is a frequent congenital heart disease in dogs, and the treatment of choice is balloon valvuloplasty which is usually safe and successful. The authors describe for the first time a severe complication after balloon valvuloplasty in a five-month-old dog. After effective treatment, with a considerable drop in right ventricular pressures, the dog developed hypoxemia and dyspnea due to pulmonary edema. The dog underwent intensive care and symptoms improved after a few hours of oxygen therapy, continuous positive airway pressure, and furosemide. Although this event is rare, it could have a large impact on patient survival and should be considered in the treatment of severe pulmonary valve stenosis in the future.     

唾液乳杆菌对鸡毒支原体感染肉鸡生长性能及肺损伤的影响

本研究旨在探究唾液乳杆菌（Lactobacillus salivarius）对鸡毒支原体（Mycoplasma gallisepticum，MG）感染肉鸡生长性能及肺损伤的影响。选用1日龄AA肉鸡240只，按试验要求随机分为6组，包括对照组（Con）、低剂量唾液乳杆菌组（L）、高剂量唾液乳杆菌组（H）、MG感染组（MG）、MG感染+低剂量唾液乳杆菌组（MG+L）和MG感染+高剂量唾液乳杆菌组（MG+H）。Con组、MG组饲喂基础饲料，L组、MG+L组饲喂添加10⁸ CFU·kg^-1唾液乳杆菌的基础饲料，H组、MG+H组饲喂添加10⁹ CFU·kg^-1唾液乳杆菌的基础饲料，7日龄时给与MG组、MG+L组和MG+H组进行MG感染攻毒，饲养42 d后，通过分析各组鸡的体重、饲料转化率、肺部MG定植量、肺部病理损伤、肺部炎性损伤相关蛋白表达量及促炎性细胞因子含量来评价唾液乳杆菌缓解MG感染所致肉鸡生长性能下降及肺损伤效果。结果表明，MG感染极显著降低肉鸡体重（P<0.01），并极显著提高饲料转化率（P<0.01），而饲料中添加低剂量唾液乳杆菌和高剂量唾液乳杆菌均能极显著缓解MG感染所致肉鸡体重降低（P<0.01），并极显著改善饲料转化率（P<0.01）。饲料中添加低剂量唾液乳杆菌和高剂量唾液乳杆菌均能极显著降低MG肺部定植量（P<0.01）；明显改善MG感染所致肺部病理损伤；极显著降低MG感染所致炎性损伤相关蛋白（TLR2、HMGB1、p-p65/p65、NLRP3、Pro-Caspase-1/Caspase-1）表达（P<0.01）；极显著降低MG感染所致促炎性细胞因子（TNF-α、IL-1β、IL-6、IL-8）含量（P<0.01）。综上所述，饲料中添加唾液乳杆菌可以显著缓解MG感染所致肉鸡生长性能下降及肺损伤，该株唾液乳杆菌具有较大的应用潜力预防肉鸡感染MG。     

穿王消炎粉对LPS诱导大鼠急性肺损伤的治疗作用

【目的】 研究穿王消炎粉对脂多糖(LPS)诱导大鼠急性肺损伤(ALI)的治疗作用。【方法】 将60只SD雄性大鼠随机分入空白组、左氧氟沙星阳性药物对照组、LPS模型组及穿王消炎粉低(1 g/kg体重)、中(2 g/kg体重)、高(4 g/kg体重)剂量组,每组10只。模型组和给药组大鼠经滴鼻法给予LPS(3 mg/kg体重)制备大鼠ALI模型,24 h后,给药组分别灌胃相应浓度的穿王消炎粉,模型组和空白组灌胃相同体积的生理盐水。治疗4 d后处死大鼠,分离血清、固定并冻存肺脏组织。测定各组大鼠肺脏组织湿/干重比;HE染色观察大鼠肺脏组织病理学变化;ELISA法检测血清中白细胞介素-1β(IL-1β)、IL-6含量;采用实时荧光定量PCR和Western blotting法检测肺脏组织中IL-1β、IL-6 mRNA表达水平和蛋白表达量。【结果】 与空白组相比,LPS模型组大鼠出现肺间质壁增厚,肺泡腔内炎性细胞浸润、出血,肺泡结构破坏等肺损伤症状,肺组织的湿/干重比极显著升高(P<0.01),血清中IL-1β、IL-6含量和肺脏组织中IL-1β、IL-6 mRNA表达水平及蛋白表达量均显著增加(P<0.05)。与LPS模型组相比,各给药组大鼠肺间质增宽现象有所改善,肺组织的湿/干重比、血清和肺脏组织中炎性因子IL-1β、IL-6 mRNA表达水平及蛋白表达量均显著降低(P<0.05)。【结论】 穿王消炎粉可有效抑制LPS诱导的急性肺部损伤和炎症程度。