刍议黄河下游引黄泥沙治理及发展趋势

在总结分析黄河下游引黄灌区近40年来泥沙处理的主要方针和泥沙公布状况的基础上,客观评价了当前及今后灌区泥沙治理环境,分析了黄河下游引黄灌区泥沙治理及分布的主要发展趋势。认为在渠首自流集中沉沙的优越条件日渐丧失的条件下,今后引黄泥沙将主要采取浑水灌溉,远距离输沙及分散沉沙的处理方式,黄河下游悬河的现状及古黄河冲积区洼地的存在为这种处理方式提供了前提。提出了结合黄河大堤淤背处理引黄泥沙的设想,开阔了泥沙治理的视野。     

Performance analysis on improved PDA AI for moving target tracking

Aim at the problem that the EO imaging tracking system is inconsistent with the model of probabilistic data association with amplitude information (PDA AI), which supposes that the greater the amplitude value is, the greater the probability of being the tracked target will be, a modified PDA AI (MPDA AI) is presented . Based on the fact that the amplitude and the motion of the interested target are consistent in a short period, the MPDA AI models the amplitude information and the motion information of the target as well as their consistency with Markov stationary signal to analyze the association procedure of motion and amplitude. The lower bounds of Cramer Rao estimation error for PDA AI and MPDA AI are calculated and discussed in detail. The theoretical analysis and experimental results show that estimating the target motion with the MPDA AI will be more accurate and more reliable than estimating with the original PDA AI.     

Changes in Hormonal Balance: A Possible Mechanism of Pre‐Sowing Chilling‐Induced Salt Tolerance in Spring Wheat

There is a lack of knowledge about factors contributing to the chilling‐induced alleviatory effects on growth of plants under salt stress. Thus, the primary objective of the study was to determine whether chilling‐induced changes in endogenous hormones, ionic partitioning within shoots and roots and/or gaseous exchange characteristics is involved in salt tolerance of two genetically diverses of wheat crops. For this purpose, the seeds of two spring wheat (Triticum aestivum) cultivars, MH‐97 (salt intolerant) and Inqlab‐91 (salt tolerant) were chilled at 3°C for 2 weeks. The chilled, hydroprimed and non‐primed (control) seeds of the two wheat cultivars were sown in both Petri dishes in a growth room and in the field after treatment with 15 dS m^?1 NaCl salinity. Chilling was very effective in increasing germination rate and subsequent growth when compared with hydropriming and control under salt stress. Results from field experiments clearly indicated the efficacy of chilling over hydropriming in improving shoot dry biomass and grain yield in either cultivar, particularly under salt stress. This increase in growth and yield was related to increased net photosynthetic rate, greater potential to uptake and accumulate the beneficial mineral elements (K⁺ and Ca²⁺) in the roots and reduced uptake and accumulation of toxic mineral element (Na⁺) in the shoots of both wheat cultivars when grown under salt stress. Salt‐stressed plants of both wheat cultivars raised from chilled seed had greater concentrations of indoleacetic acid, abscisic acid, salicylic acid and spermine when compared with hydropriming and control. Therefore, induction of salt tolerance by pre‐sowing chilling treatment in wheat could be attributed to its beneficial effects on ionic homeostasis and hormonal balance. The results presented are also helpful to understand the chilling‐induced cross adaptation of plants in natural environments. Moreover, efficacy of pre‐sowing chilling treatment over hydropriming suggested its commercial utilization as a low risk priming treatment for better wheat crop production under stressful environments.     

苦参种子发芽特性研究

对苦参种子硬实的最佳破除方法、最适发芽的温度、光照条件及盐浓度对种子萌发的影响进行了研究.结果表明:98%浓硫酸处理、烫种和砂纸磋磨处理均可提高苦参种子的发芽率,其中以98%浓硫酸处理40min为最佳处理方法;25℃为苦参种子发芽的最适温度,光照条件非苦参种子萌发的必备条件;适量的NaCl(＜5 g/L)有利于提高苦参种子的发芽势和发芽率,高浓度的NaCl(＞7 g/L)则明显抑制种子萌发.     

NaCl胁迫对塔河下游铃铛刺种子萌发的影响及生理效应

通过9个浓度水平的盐溶液对塔河下游铃铛刺种子的萌发进行胁迫试验,分析铃铛刺萌发体内丙二醛(MDA)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)和游离脯氨酸(Pro)4个生理指标随盐浓度的变化特征。研究结果表明:随着盐胁迫的增加,POD和SOD活性变化不大,Pro含量呈现先上升后下降趋势,而MDA含量变化规律不明显;与对照水平(0 mol/L NaCl)相比,POD和SOD表现出较高的酶活性;Pro含量在NaCl溶液浓度为0.2 mol/L时达到最高值,而MDA的含量降低到最低值。该研究结果可为塔里木河下游受损生态系统的恢复、重建提供参考和理论依据。     

不同时期NaCl胁迫对甜菜生长及光合作用的影响

为了解NaCl胁迫对甜菜幼苗不同阶段的危害差异,对甜菜生长至子叶期、一对真叶期和三对真叶期均进行3（CK）、140（LS）和280mmol/L Na⁺（HS）处理,处理后分别测定甜菜幼苗不同生长时期的生长和光合生理指标。结果表明,NaCl胁迫后甜菜幼苗植株干重与CK相比显著下降,且子叶期变化幅度较真叶期明显;随NaCl浓度增加,甜菜幼苗叶片的气孔导度（G_s）、蒸腾速率（T_r）、胞间CO₂浓度（C_i）和净光合速率（P_n）显著降低,同时也发现子叶期下降幅度明显高于真叶期;随着NaCl浓度增加,叶绿素含量也显著降低,子叶期比真叶期下降幅度大。此外,NaCl胁迫导致甜菜幼苗的Hill反应和RuBPCase活力下降。同时发现在LS处理后PEPC活性显著升高,在三对真叶期增幅最大,但在HS处理后PEPC活性有一定程度下降。因此随着NaCl浓度的提高,甜菜幼苗生长及光合作用都会受到不同程度的抑制;随着甜菜苗龄的增加,幼苗对NaCl胁迫的耐受性也在不断增强。     

张河湾抽水蓄能电站1号机组转子安装出现的问题及解决方法

文章介绍了张河湾抽水蓄能电站转子结构特点及安装工艺,分析了转子安装过程中出现的磁轭冲片受损、拉紧度不够等原因及解决办法,介绍了如何解决安装过程中分块式压板的水平度调整。     

河南省中低产田地区水资源生产潜

论述了河南省中低产田地区水资源生产潜力的开发途径。主要包括：实行节水灌溉及节水技术；建立合理的灌溉制度，以便改善农田水分状况，按农作物的需水规律进行灌溉；合理规划作物种植，提高农田整体水分利用效率；合理施肥，提高土壤肥力，以降低作物对水分的无效吸收等。     

微压滴灌灌水器的研制

针对目前滴灌研究向低能耗方向的发展趋势,介绍一种新型微压滴灌灌水器。该灌水器主要解决了目前滴灌工程运行费用较高这一难题,实现了灌水器在微压工作条件下流量稳定,而又不易堵塞的目的,达到了非常好的效果。由于其大幅降低灌溉成本,应用前景非常可观。     

NaCl胁迫对两优培九幼苗离子含量的影响

3种浓度的NaCl胁迫杂交水稻两优培九幼苗4d后，根和地上部分的相对含水量明显下降。功能叶片中的游离脯氨酸和可溶性总糖含量以及幼苗根、茎、叶中的Na＋含量、Na＋／K＋、Na＋／Ca^2＋和Na＋／Mg^2＋与对照相比，随着盐处理浓度的增大而增大，K＋、Ca^2＋和Mg^2＋的含量则相反。试验结果表明，在盐胁迫下两优培九幼苗主要利用产生游离脯氨酸和可溶性糖等有机渗透调节物质来维持地上部分的渗透平衡；从离子平衡角度发现，两优培九幼苗在根部通过避Na＋机制来保持较高的Na＋／K＋以减轻盐胁迫对地上部分的伤害，在茎和功能叶片中则通过保持细胞中较高的K＋水平以减轻盐胁迫的伤害。