Cd~(2+)处理对两种豆科作物幼苗生长的影响

采用溶液培养法研究了Cd^2 处理对2种豆科作物幼苗生长的影响。结果表明，较高浓度(500μmol．L^-1)的Cd^2 处理能明显影响绿豆和箭舌豌豆幼苗的生长，使2种豆科作物的地上和地下部分的伸长生长与干物质积累均低于对照。这种影响与Cd^2 处理降低根系活力、叶片中的总钼(Mo)量、硝态氮以及全磷含量和硝酸还原酶活性(NR)等有关。相比之下，Cd^2 处理对绿豆幼苗生长的影响大于对箭舌豌豆的，暗示后者的幼苗生长对Cd^2 胁迫的忍耐性较强。     

水稻‘寒优湘晴’后期不同肥料运筹对其生长和产量的影响

以‘寒优湘晴’为材料,研究后期不同肥料运筹对其生长和产量的影响。结果表明:施穗肥能促进‘寒优湘晴'植株生长,有利于干物质积累,显著提高产量;不施长粗肥的产量最高;只施长粗肥,不施穗肥的产量最低。     

Clostridium bifermentans and C. subterminale are associated with kiwifruit vine decline,known as moria,in Italy

Since 2012, a new pathogenic syndrome has frequently been observed in many areas of kiwifruit cultivation in Italy. The main symptoms include an initial withering of the leaves followed by a total and sudden collapse of plants, mainly occurring during summer. The withered leaves fall and the main and secondary feeder roots appear rotten, sometimes showing a reddish-brown discoloration. The disease, that affects both the green and yellow-fleshed cultivars, has been called kiwifruit vine decline and is locally known as moria. The syndrome has been found consistently associated with soil waterlogging, which frequently occurs either after the traditional agronomical practice of irrigating orchards through surface irrigation or after very heavy rainfall. So far, the role played by bacteria in this syndrome has not been investigated. In the present study, Clostridium spp. were isolated from both rotten roots and soils obtained from Italian kiwifruit orchards affected by the syndrome, indicating for the first time that anaerobic bacteria are able to cause damage to woody crops. C. bifermentans and C. subterminale incited symptoms in kiwifruit in both in vivo and in vitro pathogenicity tests. Soil waterlogging seems to potentially favour colonization of kiwifruit roots by anaerobic bacteria, probably because saturation of the soil can facilitate proliferation and persistence of these bacteria during long periods of the vegetative growth of the crop. The occurrence of anaerobic bacteria does not exclude the possibility that other microorganisms can play additional/synergic role(s) in causing the kiwifruit vine decline.     

超声处理对碱法制备蚕蛹蛋白条件的优化

通过单因素分析及响应面优化,研究超声处理对碱法制备蚕蛹蛋白得率的影响,得到了蚕蛹蛋白得率的数学模型,优化了制备条件,提高了碱法制备蚕蛹蛋白的得率。结果表明:NaOH浓度和液固比(V/m)对蚕蛹蛋白得率影响显著(p0.05)。蚕蛹蛋白浸提的最佳工艺条件为:超声功率400 W,超声时间20 min,浸提液固比(V/m)60∶1,NaOH浓度0.3%。在此工艺条件下,蚕蛹蛋白的得率为88.14%。制备的蚕蛹蛋白中的必需氨基酸含量符合FAO/WHO推荐标准,可以作为食品基料使用。     

70℃干热处理德兰臭草种子内生真菌的研究

为了更好地研究内生真菌与德兰臭草（Melica transsilvanica）的互作关系,需获得内生真菌种群已失活的德兰臭草种子。本试验采用70℃干热的方法对德兰臭草带菌种子分别处理5 d,10 d,15 d,20 d,25 d和30 d,以不作处理的种子为对照,通过测定各处理后种子的萌发指标、生长指标和植株内生真菌数量等综合评价内生真菌的灭活效果。结果表明,70℃干热处理能有效杀灭德兰臭草种子中的内生真菌;70℃处理5 d后,与对照相比,宿主染菌率下降为50%;处理25 d时,种子和植株中均未分离出内生真菌。同时,70℃处理25 d时,种子发芽率、发芽势、发芽指数、植株鲜重和胚根、胚芽长度以及植株株高、叶片数、分蘖数、叶宽和茎粗与对照相比均没有显著影响。值得一提的是,70℃干热处理种子可促进植株须根数的增多和根长的增加。综合比较得出,70℃干热处理25 d能使德兰臭草种子中全部内生真菌失活,是一种简单、方便、可行的方法。     

Residents’ perceptions and attitudes toward waste treatment facility sites and their possible conversion: A literature review

The siting a landfill or waste treatment facility and the redevelopment of a brownfield or former landfill site are generally treated as independent issues in the research literature. Nonetheless, the two are important elements of community development and urban revitalization efforts. The purpose of this paper is to provide an integrated review of the current literature on attitudes toward waste treatment sites and their potential conversion for recreation use. We begin by examining research on residents’ perceptions of and attitudes toward proposed and existing waste treatment facility sites, including the perceived impacts and determinants of attitudes toward these sites. Next we summarize work that has explored the subsequent conversion of former landfills or brownfield sites, with a particular emphasis on repurposing these sites for green space and recreation use. We conclude by summarizing key issues and implications for future research and policy development.     

菜豆象检验鉴定及处理研究

本文就菜豆象的生物学特性、适生性及检验处理技术进行了研究，认为菜豆象在北纬４１°～４４°地域，每年可发生４代，论证了菜豆象在延边地区的适生能力；采用了５种除害处理方法进行灭虫处理研究。     

Quantification of flight times of aerial treatments targeting invasive species: the interplay of helicopter or drone with bait-delivery systems,flight speed and bait form

BACKGROUND

Aerial treatments for invasive species management are now common, but we are unaware of any work published in the scientific literature quantifying how the interplay of numerous factors affects flight time and therefore operational costs. Here, we analyse aerial treatment data collected from two ant-eradication programmes, quantifying how the relationships between flight time and area are influenced by numerous aircraft/delivery system/bait/flight speed combinations.

RESULTS

For bait dispersal by helicopters, and when swath widths are equivalent, side-mounted Isolair was significantly more efficient than the simultaneous use of two underslung buckets, and use of two buckets was slightly but not significantly more efficient than one bucket. In this scenario, delivery by Isolair was, on average, 39.8% and 31.5% more efficient than the use of one or two buckets, respectively. However, when the swath width used with Isolair was halved to 10 m and flight speed was increased slightly, flight time was significantly greater compared to the other configurations. For bait dispersed by drone, flights conducted using an upgraded Flight Management System (FMS) and greater flight speed but smaller swath width were significantly more efficient than flights using the older FMS and lower flight speed. Over 10 and 50 ha the helicopter was 2.87 and 4.82 times more time efficient than the drone.

CONCLUSION

We encourage practitioners to publish data from their aerial treatments, and to try new methods, to accelerate improvements in efficiency and reduce the costs of aerial treatments. © 2023 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.     

The palliative efficacy of modified Mohs paste for controlling canine and feline malignant skin wounds

In veterinary medicine, the management of malignant skin wounds is highly challenging. We conducted a study on seven case animals (four dogs and three cats) which presented with malignant skin wounds. All seven animals had signs and symptoms which were controlled following treatment with a modified Mohs paste. Upon obtaining informed consent from their owners, the animals requiring management of malignant wounds were enrolled in this study. The modified Mohs paste was prepared by mixing zinc chloride, zinc oxide starch powder, glycerin, and distilled water. The modified Mohs paste was topically applied to and left to remain on the malignant wounds for one hour, under controlled conditions. Once the paste was removed, the wounds were irrigated with a solution of sterile saline. At the first examination, the wounds of each animal were observed for signs of exudate, malodor, and bleeding. In every case, visible improvement was observed immediately after the modified Mohs paste treatment. Specifically, the size of the malignant wounds, and the number of times the dressing gauze required changing, significantly decreased (p < 0.05 and p < 0.01, respectively). The open malignant skin wounds caused by mammary gland tumors disappeared in two cases. The Mohs paste has been shown to be a viable option for the palliative treatment in canine and feline malignant skin wound management.     

预热处理对改善尾巨桉木材干缩性和材色的研究

为探讨预热处理对尾巨桉木材干缩性和材色的影响,分别在100℃饱和蒸汽和120℃过热蒸汽条件下对尾巨桉木材进行预热处理。对预热处理前后的尾巨桉木材进行干缩率及色度指数的测定,应用扫描电镜对预热处理后尾巨桉木材的微观构造进行分析。结果表明:1）100℃饱和蒸汽可以使尾巨桉的干缩性降低,材色无明显变化;120℃过热蒸汽处理使尾巨桉在干燥过程中出现较多缺陷,如皱缩、内裂等,但可以有效促使桉木颜色向珍贵树种颜色转变。2）经120℃过热蒸汽处理,尾巨桉木材导管中纹孔的内含物被部分排出,细胞被压扁,宏观尺寸发生变形,是导致尾巨桉出现干燥缺陷的主要原因。