甲鱼蛋白抗氧化肽的中性蛋白酶酶解条件优化

采用甲鱼蛋白为原料制备抗氧化活性肽,以DPPH(1,1 二苯基 2 三硝基苯肼)清除率和DH(水解度)为评价指标,在单因素试验的基础上,采用响应面法优化了中性蛋白酶酶解甲鱼蛋白制备抗氧化肽的酶解条件。结果表明: 温度5065℃,酶解pH值748,加酶量29%时, DPPH清除率最高,为(8556±152)%,对应的水解度为(768±052)%。     

Effects of acute cold exposure on oxidative balance and total antioxidant capacity in juvenile Chinese soft‐shelled turtle,Pelodiscus sinensis

Acute cold exposure may disturb the physiological homeostasis of the body in ectotherms. To date, there has been no information on the effects of cold exposure on homeostasis of reactive oxygen species (ROS) or antioxidant defense response in the Chinese soft‐shelled turtle, Pelodiscus sinensis. In this study, P. sinensis juveniles were acclimated at 28 °C, transferred to 8 °C as cold exposure for 12 h, then moved back to 28 °C rewarming for 24 h. We measured the ROS level and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) in the brain, liver, kidney and spleen at 2 and 12 h cold exposure, and at the end of the rewarming period. Malonaldehyde (MDA) and carbonyl protein were used as markers of oxidative damage. Turtles being maintained simultaneously at 28 °C were used as the control group. Cold exposure did not disturb the ROS balance in all 4 tissues, while rewarming raised the ROS level in the brain and kidney of P. sinensis. Cold exposure and rewarming decreased the TAC in the brain, liver and spleen but did not change the TAC in the kidney. MDA and carbonyl protein levels did not increase during the treatment, indicating no oxidative damage in all 4 tissues of P. sinensis. Our results indicated that extreme cold exposure did not impact the inner oxidative balance of P. sinensis, but more ROS was produced during rewarming. P. sinensis showed good tolerance to the harsh temperature change through effective protection of its antioxidant defense system to oxidative damage. This study provides basic data on the stress biology of P. sinensis.     

工厂化养殖稚幼中华鳖的环保型温室构建与性能试验

为了满足稚幼中华鳖工厂化养殖的需求,响应减少CO2排放的政策,设计建造了符合其生活习性的环保型温室.该温室使用地源热泵空调系统控温,底部排污系统排出残饵和排泄物,养殖池内配置网片隐蔽巢供稚幼鳖栖息,采用微孔增氧装置和微生物制剂调控水体中溶解氧、氨氮和亚硝态氮含量.结果表明通过使用地源热泵空调,1栋占地780m2的温室在10个月的生产期内减少使用燃煤约35t,减少CO2排放约84.01t.养殖水体中溶解氧质量浓度5.83~7.68mg/L,氨氮和亚硝态氮质量浓度分别在0.39~0.83mg/L和0.14~0.16mg/L范围内.经过约10个月的养殖(放养质量约为3.5g,密度为50只/m2),平均质量为581g,存活率86.2%,饲料转化率1.18,特定生长率1.77,1栋温室年利润为157870元.综上,该工厂化养殖稚幼鳖的环保型温室能为其提供舒适的生活环境,表现出良好的经济效益和社会效益,有很大的推广价值和实际意义.     

雌性中华鳖输卵管精子储存结构的研究

应用光镜和电镜技术,系统观察雌性中华鳖输卵管精子储存情况,显示与精子储存有关组织结构与细胞形态。结果表明,精子储存在雌性中华鳖输卵管的蛋白分泌部后部至子宫部,但各段的组织结构及精子储存量存在一定差别。蛋白分泌部后部上皮较发达,由典型的高柱状纤毛细胞和分泌细胞构成,固有膜中腺体多为泡状腺。上皮和腺体中含有大量高密度的膜性分泌颗粒,此段只有少量的精子储存。峡部较窄且固有膜内无腺体,上皮排列紧密并呈迷路样迂回分布,上皮细胞内高电子密度分泌颗粒成团集中分布在核上方。峡部管腔中分布着大量的精子,靠近管腔的精子或精子头部嵌入上皮纤毛之间或顶端凹陷的胞质中,且精子嵌入部分的细胞结构保持完整。子宫前部形成垂直于管腔的储精小管(SST),子宫上皮及此段SST上皮的分泌颗粒电子密度不均,含高密度电子致密斑,腺体中的分泌颗粒也呈现不同的内部结构。子宫部及SST的管腔中储存有大量精子。这些区段复杂的细胞结构及分泌活动,可能在精子储存中发挥重要作用。     

中草药防治黄沙鳖病害技术

利用中草药成份中含有的清热、解毒、抑茵、杀菌、抗病毒等功效,组成中草药配方,经试验,筛选出Ic~q,草药配方防治黄沙鳖腐皮病、红脖子病、腮腺病等主要疾病,并在生产实践中取得了明显的治疗效果。     

甲鱼养殖废水作为温室番茄栽培灌溉用水的效果研究

针对甲鱼养殖废水排放所造成的环境负荷、资源浪费和温室栽培灌溉的大量用水需求，采用塑料温室栽培试验方法，研究了将甲鱼养殖废水作为温室樱桃番茄栽培灌溉用水的可行性和效果。试验中养殖废水与自来水混合的比例设为：0、50％和100％，栽培试验在无基肥和添加基肥两种情况下进行。结果显示．无基肥添加时，用100％养殖废水灌溉番茄时对其茎粗生长和产量的促进作用明显，番茄茎粗比用纯自来水灌溉的增大约8．6％，产量增加24％左右。50％的养殖废水灌溉效果介于纯甲鱼废水和纯自来水之间；添加基肥时，用50％养殖废水灌溉的番茄茎粗比纯自来水灌溉的增大6％左右，50％和100％养殖废水灌溉情况下的番茄收获量在6月底基本相同，比用纯自来水灌溉的增加约3．8％。养殖甲鱼废水中的养分能部分供给作物生长需要，对有、无基肥添加情况下的樱桃番茄生长都显示出一定的促进作用，但养殖废水的稀释程度对作物生长效果要根据栽培基质的养分管理不同而定。     

工厂化养鳖——蔬菜水培系统中氮素的转化利用

工厂化养鳖废水加适量硝酸调节后,用于生菜水培系统可以取得良好的净化与利用效果.系统在25 ℃经2周运行,循环液中的总有机氮有85%左右转化为硝态氮,有9%左右被生菜吸收,CODcr与NH4+-N含量分别降至100 mg/L与20～30 mg/L以下,基本上达到排放标准.运行期间,生菜生长良好,重量增长率可达20%～25%.     

鳖常用消毒剂的应用

重点介绍消毒剂的分类、选择使用以及二氧化氯（ＣｌＯ２）和碘伏在养鳖中的应用研究进展。     

中华鳖致病性嗜水气单胞菌分离鉴定与药敏试验

为了探求中华鳖致病性菌株的药物体外抗菌效果,在江西进贤某中华鳖养殖场对病死中华鳖进行细菌分离,并对细菌进行形态特征、培养特性、生化鉴定、毒力因子检测试验、小白鼠毒力试验和人工感染等试验;采用K-B法药敏试验和96孔微型板二倍稀释法测定9种抗菌药物对该菌的最低抑菌浓度(MIC)来分析抗菌效果.结果表明:中华鳖为致病性嗜水...     

Ocular morphology of the Leatherback sea turtle (Dermochelys coriacea)

Objective The Leatherback sea turtle is the largest extant reptile and the sole member of the family Dermochelyidae. Here, the eye of this critically endangered marine turtle was investigated to determine the anatomy, optics, and optical sensitivity. Animals studied Three Leatherback sea turtles, Dermochelys coriacea. Results The eye is small in proportion to body size of the adult compared to other vertebrates, with prominence of the retractor bulbi and pyramidalis muscles. The nictitans shows extensive folding of the bulbar conjunctiva as an apparent mechanism to increase the surface area for mucus secretion. The intraocular anatomy is consistent with an eye adapted to aquatic vision with minimal curvature of the cornea, a near‐spherical lens, deep ciliary cleft and highly vascularized ciliary body. The optical sensitivity, a measure of the sensitivity to light of a given optical system, is higher than in other marine turtles studied but lower than those found in teleost fish that share a habitat with the Leatherback sea turtle. Conclusions The Leatherback sea turtle shows ocular features that are characteristic of Chelonians with similarities to aquatic mammals. The calculated optical sensitivity suggests that compared to pelagic fishes, for instance, the Leatherback sea turtle eye is not particularly well adapted for vision in dim light even though this species is known to venture into deep, dark waters, and might feed at night.