脂质对中华花龟不同组织脂肪酸组成的影响

将体质量(1828±468)g的4龄雌性成体中华花龟随机分成4组,常温饲养在150cm×50cm×50cm的水池中,每组6只,分别投喂饲料中鱼油为豆油替代0%、33.3%、66.7%和100%的饲料,每周投喂2次。饲养1年后,从每组中随机取6只中华花龟,检测肝脏、肌肉、卵巢中脂肪酸的组成。试验结果表明,饲料中鱼油比例较高(豆油替代0%和33.3%鱼油组)能促进肝脏和肌肉中二十碳五烯酸和二十二碳六烯酸的积累,但豆油替代率对卵巢二十碳五烯酸和二十二碳六烯酸的积累影响不显著。饲料中花生四烯酸在肌肉和卵巢中大量累积,豆油替代33.3%鱼油组肌肉和豆油替代0%鱼油组卵巢中花生四烯酸占总脂肪酸的含量[(5.26±0.94)%、(1.31±0.04%)]最高,肝脏中花生四烯酸积累较少。豆油替代66.7%和100%鱼油组肝脏中亚油酸含量显著高于其他两组(P0.05),豆油替代100%鱼油组卵巢中亚麻酸含量最高(P0.05)。饲料中豆油替代鱼油比例升高促进了中华花龟组织中亚油酸和亚麻酸的积累,抑制了二十碳五烯酸、二十二碳六烯酸和花生四烯酸等的积累;当豆油替代33.3%鱼油时,中华花龟肝脏、肌肉、卵巢中脂肪酸组成及含量与全鱼油组差异不显著。     

Growth, haematological parameters and tissue lipid peroxidation of soft-shelled turtles, Pelodiscus sinensis, fed diets supplemented with different levels of ferrous sulphate

Soft-shelled turtles, Pelodiscus sinensis , with an average weight of 5.55 g, were fed diets supplemented with eight levels of ferrous sulphate for 8 weeks. The analysed iron content ranged from 50.8 to 482.9 mg kg⁻¹. Growth rate of turtles fed the control diet with no iron supplementation was the lowest among all dietary groups. Haematological parameters including red blood cell, haemoglobin, haematocrit, mean corpuscular volume, mean corpuscular haemoglobin and mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration of the turtles fed the control diet were also significantly ( P  < 0.05) lower relative to the other groups. Thus, dietary iron at 50.8 mg kg⁻¹ (no supplemented iron) was deemed deficient for growth and ineffective at preventing anaemia in juvenile soft-shelled turtle. Whereas, a supplementation of 50 mg kg⁻¹ ferrous sulphate (a total dietary iron of 91.8 mg kg⁻¹) was enough to normalize the haematological values of soft-shelled turtles to the level similar to other iron supplement-fed groups. Within the tested dietary iron range, liver iron content curve-linearly ( r ² = 0.99) increased with increasing dietary iron level. Furthermore, thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances in liver tissues of the turtles have also increased when liver iron content increased. The dietary iron requirement of soft-shelled turtle is 120–198 mg kg⁻¹ when ferrous sulphate is used as the source of iron.     

中华鳖爱德华氏菌病病原和组织病理研究

从中华鳖病病鳖的肝脏分离得到菌株ｓ－１。用菌株Ｓ－１进行人工感染，１００％的鳖患病，从感染的病鳖的肝脏分离到菌株ｓ’－１，经生理生化反应测定，它与菌株ｓ－１特性一致。经鉴定，菌株ｓ－１是迟钝爱德华氏菌，野生型。爱德华氏菌感染会引起鳖的脏器发生变质性病变。主要症状呈肝脏型，肝局部坏死，有结节状肉芽肿。     

茯苓多糖对中华鳖非特异性免疫功能的免疫调节作用

研究了口服茯苓多糖对中华鳖(Trionyxsinensis)非特异性免疫功能的影响。试验共分3个组,在基础饲料中添加20·0mg/kg茯苓多糖作为试验组,添加500·0mg/kg酵母细胞壁作为免疫刺激剂对照组,以投喂基础饲料作为空白对照组。连续投喂28d后,测定中华鳖血液中白细胞的吞噬活性、血清溶菌活力和补体活性。结果表明:在中华鳖饲料中添加茯苓多糖和酵母细胞壁能显著提高中华鳖白细胞的吞噬活性(t检验,P<0·05),而2个试验组之间中华鳖血液中白细胞的吞噬活性没有显著差异(t检验,P>0·05);2个试验组中华鳖血清中补体C3和C4的活性与对照组之间呈显著差异(t检验,P<0·05),而试验组之间无显著性差异(t检验,P>0·05)。本研究结果说明在中华鳖饵料中添加茯苓多糖和酵母细胞壁对中华鳖的非特异性免疫功能有增强作用。     

Method for estimating buoyancy of midwater float required to standardize hook depth in pelagic longline

ABSTRACT:   A midwater float is a small float attached to the mainline of pelagic longlines to standardize the hook depth. In this study theoretical equations are presented for estimating the buoyancy of the midwater float required to lift the joints of the midwater float line on the mainline to the target depth. Sea trials using full scale tuna longline gear with midwater floats were carried out in the Indian Ocean in December 2004 and 2005, in order to examine the validity of the theoretical equations. In the sea trials, two types of midwater float settings, single midwater float setting and double midwater float setting, were tested and compared with the conventional setting. As a result, the joints of the midwater float line on the mainline were successfully lifted to the target depth as expected, demonstrating the validity of the theoretical equation. The range of hook depths in the midwater float setting was less spread over depths than in the conventional setting, and therefore, use of long float lines (100 m) with the midwater float setting allows all hooks to avoid entering the sea turtle habitat of shallower than 100 m depth. Factors affecting shoaling of the longline with the midwater float are also discussed.     

中华鳖出血性肠道坏死症病原及其药敏性

从中华鳖出血性肠道坏死症患病个体的血液、脾脏、肝脏及肠壁中共分离到 5株细菌 ,经人工感染、毒力测试 ,鉴定分离菌株为嗜水气单胞菌 (Aeromonas hydrophila)、豚鼠气单胞菌 (A.Caviae)和类志贺邻单胞菌 (Plesiomonasshigelloides)。药敏试验结果表明 ,此 3种致病菌对新霉素、丁胺卡那、呋喃妥因均高度敏感。     

中华鳖六株病原菌的分类鉴定及其中草药拮抗研究

为提高养殖质量、达到无公害中华鳖的生产,本研究对来源于不同地域的中华鳖常见疾病的六株致病菌(WG985、TL97427、FS954、JS967、SG978、SS978)菌株进行了分类鉴定与中草药抑菌敏感性测试.结果表明4株为温和气单胞菌,2株分别为嗜水气单胞菌和豚鼠气单胞菌,6菌株对健康中华鳖均有较强毒力.药敏测定显示各菌株对中草药的拮抗作用基本一致,对大多数药物均表现不敏感,仅就地锦草、五倍子等个别药物敏感,但彼此间仍存有一定差异.     

嗜水气单胞菌BA-ELISA的建立及其在病原检测中的应用

从中华鳖中分离的嗜水气单胞菌致病株T0608经福尔马林灭活后,注射免疫新西兰兔,制备了高价免疫血清,血清的菌体凝集效价可达1/1 280;G蛋白亲和层析纯化兔IgG,将IgG用生物素标记,建立了生物素-亲和素双抗体夹心酶联免疫吸附法(BA-ELISA);其最低检出限为2.5×103cfu,相当于0.5 ng菌体蛋白,其检测灵敏度为ABC-ELISA(4.0×104cfu)和间接ELISA(4.0×104cfu)的16倍;特异性试验结果表明,本法与鱼类气单胞菌、拟态弧菌、海豚链球菌、大肠杆菌等无交叉反应.BA-ELISA可不经细菌培养直接检测人工感染48 h中华鳖的肝、肠道组织中的嗜水气单胞菌.用该方法对湖州市龟鳖养殖场的水样、中华鳖和巴西龟肝、肠道内容物进行检测.结果表明该方法可较好地应用于发病中华鳖的病原早期诊断及养殖中华鳖的病原检测.     

甲鱼配合饲料中蛋白质,脂肪以及醣类适宜含量初探

改变饲料中蛋白质，脂肪以及醣类的含量，设计一个三因素三水平的正交试验，初步探讨二龄甲鱼配合饲料中这三种成分的适宜含量，试验结果，配合饲料中蛋白质，脂肪和可消化醣类的适宜含量分别为４５％－４８．３％、４．２％－６．７％和２０％－２５％。